Kwihlabathi eliguquguqukayo losasazo, izixhobo yi-linchpin ebamba imisebenzi kunye. Njengoko u-2024 eqhubeka, ishishini libona ukwanda kwenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kunyanzelekile ukuba amashishini axhotyiswe ngezixhobo zamva nje. Ukusuka kunomathotholo ukuya kumabonakude, izixhobo ezichanekileyo aziqinisekisi kuphela usasazo olungenamthungo kodwa zikwanyusa umgangatho womxholo onikezelweyo. Kwabo benza izigqibo zokuthenga, ukuqonda ezi zixhobo kubaluleke kakhulu. Akukhona nje ngokuthenga izixhobo; imalunga nokutyala ukuthembeka, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nekamva losasazo. Nokuba zizinto ezintsonkothileyo zothutho okanye ii-eriyali ezintsonkothileyo, ukwaziswa linyathelo lokuqala lokwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo lweshishini.
Isiqulatho:
1. Ukuhlalutya iindlela zezixhobo zokusasaza zika-2024
2. Iimveliso eziphambili kusasazo lukanomathotholo
3. Izixhobo eziyimfuneko kumabonakude wosasazo
4. Iingcebiso zeengcali zokukhetha izixhobo zokusasaza
5. Isiphelo
1. Ukuhlalutya iindlela zezixhobo zokusasaza zika-2024
Icandelo losasazo likwinqanaba lenguqu, usasazo lwedijithali nolwe-intanethi luhamba phambili. Olu tshintsho lubonakala kwidatha, njengoko imakethi yezixhobo zokusasaza yehlabathi ixabisa malunga ne-USD 4195.48 yezigidi ngo-2021. Ngaphaya koko, kunye nemarike yezixhobo zosasazo zehlabathi ekulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-USD 5838.85 yezigidi ngo-2028, ikhula kwi-CAGR ye-4.83%, kuyabonakala ukuba ishishini likwinqanaba eliphezulu. Kulo nyaka, ikhondo leshishini losasazo licacile – inyathelo eliya phambili, elisebenzayo, kunye neendlela ezithe ngqo zokuhanjiswa komxholo. Imakethi enjalo ayilomanani nje kuphela kodwa ikumgangatho ophezulu, kunye nenkqubela phambili eqinisekisa iziphumo ezikumgangatho ophezulu weaudio kunye nevidiyo.
Shift uye kusasazo lwedijithali kunye ne-intanethi
Utshintsho olusuka kwiindlela zokusasaza eziqhelekileyo ukuya kumaqonga edijithali luyakhula ngokukhawuleza. Usasazo lwedijithali lunikeza ukucaca okuphuculweyo, ukufikelela ngokubanzi, kunye nokukwazi ukulungiselela abaphulaphuli be-niche. Ukunyuka kwamaqonga osasazo asekelwe kwi-intanethi, njengeenkonzo ze-OTT, kugxininisa ngakumbi lo mkhwa, ukuvumela abaqulunqi bomxholo ukuba badlule kwiindlela zendabuko kwaye bafikelele kubaphulaphuli babo ngokuthe ngqo.
Ukunyuka kothungelwano lwe-single-frequency networks (SFN)
Ii-SFN ziya zithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokukwazi ukusebenzisa ii-transmitter ezininzi ukusasaza umqondiso ofanayo. Oku akuqinisekisi indawo ebanzi kuphela kodwa kucutha ukusetyenziswa kwe-spectrum. Ngokukhula kwemarike yezixhobo zokusasaza, ukwamkelwa kwee-SFNs kulindeleke ukuba kunyuke, kunikeze abasasazi indlela esebenza ngakumbi yokusasaza umxholo.
Ukubaluleka kolungelelwaniso lokungafuneki kumsebenzi wosasazo
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba usasazo olungaphazamisekiyo lubalulekile. Ulungelelwaniso lwe-Redundancy ludlala indima ebalulekileyo koku, lusebenza njenge-backup kwimeko apho iinkqubo zokuqala zisilela. Njengoko imbonakalo yomhlaba yosasazo isiya isiba nzima kwaye nolindelo lwabathengi lukhula, imfuno yeenkqubo eziqinisekisa usasazo oluqhubekayo, nokuba kukho iingxaki zobugcisa, iba baluleke ngakumbi.
2. Iimveliso eziphambili kusasazo lukanomathotholo
Icandelo losasazo lukanomathotholo, ngelixa liqhelekile, libone inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji. Izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho kunye nokufikeleleka kosasazo. Makhe siphonononge ezinye zeemveliso ezingundoqo eziyinxalenye yosasazo lukanomathotholo.
IziThuthi zoSasazo lweFM
Usasazo losasazo lwe-FM luyintliziyo yaso nasiphi na isikhululo sikanomathotholo. Baguqula iisignali zeaudio zibe ziisignali zerediyo, ezivumela ukuba zamkelwe ngonomathotholo kuyo yonke indawo. Amandla aba bathumeli ayahluka ngokusekwe kwisicelo sabo:
Izidluliseli zamandla aphantsi: Ilungele iindawo ezincinci njengeedolophu okanye izixeko, zigubungela irediyasi enyiniweyo kodwa zonga iindleko.
Izidluliseli zamandla aphakathi: Ezi zinceda iindawo ezinkulu kwaye zihlala zisetyenziswa zizitishi zikanomathotholo zephondo okanye zesixeko. Babeka ulungelelwaniso phakathi kokufikelela kunye neendleko.
Izidluliseli zamandla aphezulu: Isetyenziswa zizikhululo zikanomathotholo zelizwe, ezi zisasazo zinokufikelela okuphezulu, zigubungela imimandla emikhulu kunye namazwe ephela.
Abadlulisi be-AM
Ngelixa usasazo lwe-FM luxhaphake kakhulu, usasazo lwe-AM (Amplitude Modulation) lusabambe ukubaluleka, ngakumbi kwimimandla eneendawo ezinomngeni kunye nemigama emide. Abadlulisi be-AM bamodareyitha i-amplitude ye-carrier wave ukubethelela ulwazi lwe-audio. Ziyaziwa ngoluhlu lwazo olude, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zilungele usasazo lwasemaphandleni kunye neendawo ezinabantu abancinci.
I-eriyali yosasazo: Ukuphucula umgangatho wesignali
Ii-antenna ngamagorha angavunywanga ehlabathi losasazo. Bafumana imiqondiso kwisidluliseli baze bayisasaze emoyeni. Umgangatho kunye nodidi lwe-eriyali lumisela amandla kunye nokucaca kosasazo. I-antenna ebekwe kakuhle kunye nekhwalithi ephezulu inokunyusa kakhulu umgangatho wesignali, iqinisekisa ukuba usasazo lucacile nakwiindawo ezinokuphazamiseka okunokwenzeka.
3. Izixhobo eziyimfuneko kumabonakude wosasazo
Usasazo lukamabonakude, ijelo ebelingundoqo kumashumi eminyaka, liyaqhubeka nokuvela ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji. Izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo kulo mmandla zibaluleke kakhulu kumgangatho wosasazo kunye nokufikelela kwawo. Makhe sihlolisise ezinye zezixhobo ezibalulekileyo ezenza ukuba usasazo lukamabonakude lwenzeke.
Abasasazi beTV
Embindini wosasazo lukamabonakude kukho usasazo lukamabonakude. Esi sixhobo siguqula iisignali zevidiyo nezandi zibe luhlobo olulungele ukusasazwa ngamaza omoya. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokumodareyitha ziye zaphuhliswa ukuphucula umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kolu dluliselo. Njengokuba:
Uhlengahlengiso lwe-analog: Indlela yendabuko, apho amandla okanye ukuphindaphinda kwe-wave ye-carrier carrier iyahluka ukumela isignali yosasazo. Nangona ingaxhaphakanga ngoku, yavula indlela yeendlela zanamhlanje.
Uhlengahlengiso lwedijithali: Uphuhliso lwakutsha nje, lumele isignali yosasazo njengoluhlu lwezinye kunye no-zero, iqinisekisa usasazo olucacileyo nolusebenzayo.
Ukuqwalaselwa rhoqo kosasazo lweTV
Ukuphindaphinda kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kusasazo lukamabonakude. Iingingqi ezahlukeneyo zabela amaza omoya athile kumabonakude ukunqanda ukuphazamiseka nokuqinisekisa usasazo olucacileyo. Ukukhetha amaza omoya achanekileyo kubalulekile, njengoko kumisela ukufikelela kunye nokucaca kosasazo. Ngaphezu koko, ngotshintsho lwedijithali, kubekho utshintsho kulwabiwo lwamaza, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kunyanzelekile ukuba abasasazi bahlale behlaziyiwe.
Iitayile zosasazo zeTV
Ngokufana noogxa babo boonomathotholo, ii-eriyali zokusasaza zikamabonakude zibalulekile kwinkqubo yosasazo. Basasaza imiqondiso kwi-transmitter, ukuqinisekisa ukuba bayafikelela kubaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo. Ngokufika kwenkcazo ephezulu kunye ne-ultra-high-definition yosasazo, indima yee-eriyali ibaluleke ngakumbi. Ukuseta i-eriyali elungiselelwe kakuhle inokwenza umahluko phakathi kosasazo olucacileyo, olukumgangatho ophezulu kunye ne-pixelated, ephazamisekile.
4. Iingcebiso zeengcali zokukhetha izixhobo zokusasaza
Indawo yokugubungela kunye namandla omqondiso
Ishishini losasazo libone inkqubela ebonakalayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Enye yezinto eziphambili eziqwalaselwayo xa ukhetha izixhobo zokusasaza yindawo yokugubungela kunye namandla omqondiso. Usasazo kukwabelana ngomxholo wesandi kunye nevidiyo kubaphulaphuli abaninzi ngokusebenzisa amajelo osasazo e-elektroniki. Ngelixa ngokwesiko inxulunyaniswa nonomathotholo kunye nomabonwakude, usasazo ngoku lubandakanya uluhlu lwezixhobo, kubandakanya usasazo lukawonke-wonke, usasazo lwentengiso, umabonakude, umabonakude ovaliweyo, unomathotholo wabasakhulayo, kunye nomabonakude wabasakhulayo. Ezi zixhobo, zibalulekile kumajelo eendaba e-elektroniki, zibizwa ngokuba zizixhobo zokusasaza. Njengoko ishishini likhula, ukubaluleka kokukhetha izixhobo eziqinisekisa ukhuseleko olululo kunye namandla ophawu olomeleleyo alunakugqithiswa.
Ukuhambelana nokudibanisa kwiinkqubo zokusasaza
Omnye umba obalulekileyo emawuqwalaselwe kukuhambelana nokudibanisa iinkqubo zosasazo. Imarike yezixhobo zokusasaza inkulu, inabadlali abaninzi ababonelela ngeemveliso ezahlukeneyo. Abadlali abaphambili kwimarike babandakanya i-Sencore, i-ETL Systems Ltd., i-EVS Broadcast Equipment, kunye ne-Eletec Broadcast Telecom SARL, phakathi kwabanye. Nganye kwezi nkampani zinepotifoliyo yemveliso, kwaye ukuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ezikhethiweyo zidibanisa ngokungenamthungo kunye neenkqubo ezikhoyo zibaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, njengoko imbonakalo yomhlaba yosasazo iya isiba nzima ngakumbi, imfuno yeenkqubo ezinokudityaniswa ngokulula nobuchwepheshe obutsha kunye namaqonga iba baluleke ngakumbi.
Izixhobo ezincedisayo
Njengoko indawo yosasazo iya iba yinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi, indima yezixhobo ezincedisayo ikhula ngokubaluleka, iqinisekisa ukuba imveliso yokugqibela enikezelwa kubaphulaphuli iphezulu kakhulu, zombini ngokubhekiselele kwisandi kunye nomgangatho wokubonwayo. Izixhobo ezincedisayo kunomathotholo nakumabonakude zibhekiselele kwizixhobo ezongezelelweyo kunye nezixhobo ezixhasa oomatshini bokuqala bosasazo, ukuqinisekisa ukudalwa komxholo ongenamthungo kunye nosasazo. Olu didi lubandakanya uluhlu olwahlukeneyo lwezixhobo. Kwirediyo, ibandakanya abaxube abalungelelanisa amagalelo omsindo, iimakrofoni zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezilungiselelwe iimfuno ezithile zokurekhoda, kunye nee-headphones zokubekwa esweni. Kusasazo lwe-TV, iikhamera zibamba umxholo obonakalayo, ngelixa ii-encoders ziguqula i-footage eluhlaza kwiifomathi zedijithali ezifanelekileyo zokusasazwa. Iiprosesa zesignali zicokisa umgangatho wokusasazwa, kwaye abatshintshi bancedisa ekutshintsheni phakathi kwemithombo eyahlukeneyo yevidiyo ngexesha losasazo oluphilayo. Ukongeza, izixhobo zokurekhoda zigcina umxholo wokusasazwa kamva okanye iinjongo zoovimba.
Imigangatho yolawulo kunye nokuthotyelwa
Imigangatho yolawulo kunye nokuthotyelwa idlala indima ebalulekileyo kushishino losasazo. Imimandla eyahlukeneyo inemimiselo yayo ethile elawula usasazo, kwaye kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ezikhethiweyo ziyayithobela le migangatho. Ukungathotyelwa kwemigaqo kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki zomthetho kwaye kunokuphazamisa inkqubo yosasazo. Oku kugxininisa ukubaluleka kokuthobela imigangatho yolawulo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle nokuphepha imigibe enokubakho.
5. Isiphelo
Inguqu ekhawulezileyo yeshishini losasazo igxininisa ukubaluleka kokwenza izigqibo ezizizo xa ukhetha isixhobo. Ngobuninzi bokhetho olukhoyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba amashishini abeke phambili izixhobo eziqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo, ezidibanisa ngokungenamthungo kunye neenkqubo ezikhoyo, kwaye zithobela imigangatho yolawulo. Njengoko imbonakalo yomhlaba yosasazo iqhubeleka nokutshintsha, iqhutywa yinkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye neentshukumo zentengiso, uxanduva lusemagxeni eengcali kushishino ukuhlala enolwazi olu tshintsho. Ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwezixhobo akuphuculi umgangatho wosasazo kuphela kodwa kukwabeka amashishini kwimpumelelo ezinzileyo kukhuphiswano lwemalike.
