Izomisi zoshishino lutyalo-mali olubalulekileyo kwaye kufuneka luqwalaselwe ngononophelo ngaphambi kokuba kuthengwe. Inkqubela phambili yezobuchwephesha yenza ukuba izixhobo zokomisa zibe nzima kwaye zahluke. Olu tshintsho lwenza kube nzima kwabo bangezongcali ukukhetha umatshini ochanekileyo.
Kunikwe oku, eli nqaku liza kunceda abathengi ukuba benze isigqibo sokuthenga esifanelekileyo ngokugqamisa izinto eziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngaphambi kokwenza ukhetho, kunye nabanye oomatshini abadumileyo abakhoyo kwiimarike namhlanje.
Itheyibhile yomxholo
Imarike yehlabathi yezomisi mveliso
Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha isomisi seshishini
Iintlobo zezomisi
Imarike yehlabathi yezomisi mveliso
Imakethi yokomisa kwimizi-mveliso yayixabisa i-4 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2015 kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba iya kukhula ngesantya sokukhula ngonyaka. (CAGR) ye-4.3%, ukufikelela kwi-6.37 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2026. Izinto ezininzi ziphembelela oku kukhula, kubandakanywa ukwanda kwemfuno yaba matshini ukusuka kumashishini ahlukeneyo okusebenzisa amayeza, ukutya, izichumisi, iikhemikhali, iiminerali, i-samente, kunye nephepha kunye ne-pulp. Isakhono sezomisi mveliso sokusetyenzwa ngokufanelekileyo isixa esikhulu semathiriyeli, ngaloo ndlela inceda imizi-mveliso ukuba ihlangabezane neenjongo zayo zokomisa, yenza ukuba ibe yi-asethi exabisekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Kwaye ngenxa yoko ukusetyenziswa koomisi kumacandelo ahlukeneyo kuya kuqhubeka nokukhula.
Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha isomisi seshishini
Elinye lawona manyathelo abalulekileyo ekukhetheni isomisi esifanelekileyo kukuvavanya imathiriyeli emanzi kwisixhobo sokumisa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso yokugqibela yomile kwaye ikumgangatho ofunekayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuba uvavanyo luqale, nantsi imiba emithandathu ekufuneka iqwalaselwe xa ucutha inkqubo yokomisa.
1. Ubungakanani kunye nobuninzi
Ubungakanani kunye nobuninzi bezinto eziza komiswa bumisela ubungakanani kunye nomthamo womatshini wokomisa oza kuthengwa. Umzekelo, izixhobo ezincinci zifuna iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokomisa ukuya kwezinkulu. Kwaye njengobungakanani, ubuninzi bezinto eziphathekayo yinto ephambili yokuqwalaselwa. Ubuninzi bumisela ukuhamba kwezinto ngesomisi, kunye nezinto ezixineneyo ezifuna oomatshini abahlukeneyo ukusuka kuncinci.
2. Isiqulatho sokufuma siza komiswa
Kukwabalulekile ukwazi ukufuma kwemathiriyeli ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwenkqubo yokomisa. Ukuvavanya isomisi kwangaphambili kunokunceda ukufumanisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwesomisi kunye nokuba sisayizi esichanekileyo. Ukuba inkampani ibona ukuguquguquka kwinjongo yomxholo wokufuma kwimveliso, kufuneka bathathele ingqalelo ubungakanani besomisi esahlukileyo.
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukumisela ukuba izinto zomiswa njani zibambe ukufuma. Umzekelo, umatshini wokwenza umphunga uya kwanela ukuba ukufuma kuphezu komhlaba kuphela. Noko ke, ukuba loo nto iye yafunxa ukufuma, kufuneka umatshini owoma ngokupheleleyo ngaphakathi. Lo mba ukwanceda ekumiseleni ukuba kufakwe iimfuno zangaphambi kokufa kumgca wokusetyenzwa.
3. Ukuphatha izinto eziphathekayo
Indlela izinto ezimanzi eziphathwa ngayo nazo zidlala indima xa ukhetha isomisi. Izinto ezincangathi okanye ezimdaka zidla ngokunyanzelwa kwisomisi ukuthintela ukuplaga umgca. Ukuba inkampani iphatha izinto ezincangathi, injineli inokukhetha oomatshini bokumisa ngeendawo ezinganamatheli okanye iipaddles ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ukugcina imathiriyeli ihamba.
Ukonakala kwezinto kunye nobuthathaka bezinye izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Ukuba inkampani ijonge ukomisa imathiriyeli eethe-ethe, kufuneka ikuphephe ukomisa izixhobo ezihambisa izinto ngokurhabaxa, kwaye inokukhetha umatshini osebenzisa indlela ethambileyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba izinto ezomisiweyo zinobuqhophololo, inkampani inokukhetha oomatshini bokumisa obomileyo ukuthintela imiba yokugcinwa okanye umonakalo.
4. Ukusabela kubushushu
Ezinye izinto zichatshazelwa bubushushu kwaye zinokusabela xa zifikelela kumaqondo athile obushushu. Ukuba umatshini womisa isisombululo sekhemikhali, kunokubangela ukusabela kweekhemikhali.
Kwakhona, imithombo ethile yobushushu inokunyibilika okanye itshise ezinye izinto ukuba zibekwe kubushushu obuthile ixesha elide. Ke ngoko, umatshini wokomisa unokucotha okanye ube mkhulu ukunceda ukuthoba ubushushu. Ukuba inkampani ijongana nezinto ezinokunyibilika, isenokukhetha isomisi esinobushushu obuphezulu kodwa indawo yokuhlala emfutshane ukuthintela ukusabela okunokwenzeka kwemveliso.
5. Ukusebenza kakuhle kunye neendleko
Uqwalaselo lweendleko luyinxalenye yokuthenga okukhulu. Inkampani iya kuthathela ingqalelo ixabiso lenkunzi yangaphambili xa kuthengwa umatshini kunye neendleko zokusebenza ngexesha lobomi bomatshini. Nangona kunjalo, iindleko zangaphambili akufuneki zibe kuphela kwesimiselo sokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko zosomisi kuba abanye oomatshini banokubiza kancinci ngaphambili kodwa basebenze ngokungafanelekanga, ngaloo ndlela bebiza ngaphezulu kwexesha elide. Kwaye kubalulekile ukuqwalasela uhlobo lwamafutha aqhuba umatshini.
6. Iimfuno zemveliso
Ekugqibeleni, ubungakanani bosomisi kufuneka buhambelane namanqanaba emveliso alindelekileyo. Kuyafaneleka ukuqwalasela ukuba isomisi siya kuqhuba ngokuqhubekayo okanye sisebenze kwiibhetshi. Ukuba inkampani inemisebenzi emikhulu efuna imveliso ephezulu, ukusebenzisa isomisi esingaphantsi kuya kukhokelela ekuvaleni, kwaye umsebenzi unokuyeka kuba uya kumoyisa umatshini. Ngaphezulu koku, isomisi sinokutshisa ngokukhawuleza kunokuba bekulindelwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba i-dryer engaphezulu ikhethiwe, iya kuchitha amandla. Isenokutshisa okanye yomise kakhulu imveliso.
Iintlobo zezomisi
Izixhobo zokomisa ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela nganye esetyenziswayo ukususa umthamo wamanzi kwizinto ezomisiweyo. Isixhobo kwakhona siza ngokwemilo eyahlukeneyo, ubukhulu, kunye nobuchule. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukwazi ubungakanani bomatshini ojoliswe kuwo, uhlobo, kunye neenkcukacha ukwenza isigqibo esinolwazi. Nazi iindidi ezimbalwa zoomatshini bokumisa ongakhetha kuzo:
Izixhobo zokomisa ibhedi ezilulwelo
IiDryer zeBhedi eziFluidized zihlala zisetyenziswa kumashishini amayeza ukomisa iigranule zamayeza kunye nomgubo. Basebenzisa umgaqo we-fluidization ukomisa izinto - inkqubo apho umoya oshushu udlula kwibhedi enemingxuma yezinto eziqinileyo ezimanzi kuxinzelelo oluphezulu lokuphakamisa ezi zixhobo ukusuka ebhedini. Ezi granules ezifumileyo okanye umgubo ziye zixhonywe kumlambo womoya, apho zifudunyezwa khona. Ulwelo olubangelwa ngumphunga luyasuswa okanye luhlaziywe ngokuyinxenye ngexesha lenkqubo yokomisa, lushiya izinto zomile ukuya kwinqanaba elifunekayo.
eziluncedo
- Intshukumo yerhasi engaguqukiyo ivelisa ubushushu obuqinileyo, okukhokelela ekususweni kokufuma okusebenzayo
- Ifezekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-thermal xa umtshintshi wokushisa wangaphakathi unikezela ukomisa amandla okushisa
- Iindleko zokuqala zemali kunye nokugcinwa kwazo ziphantsi
- Izinzile kwaye kulula ukuyilawula
- Inexesha eliqingqiweyo lokuhlala
neengozi
- Isebenzisa amandla amaninzi ngenxa yokuhla koxinzelelo oluphezulu olufunekayo ukunqumamisa izinto ezimanzi kwirhasi.
- Ukugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-thermal kufuna ukuphathwa kwegesi ngokubanzi ngenxa yokujikeleza kwakhona kwegesi
- Ukuba umxhesho umanzi kakhulu, inkqubo iya kubangela ukungabikho kwamanzi
- Akufanelekanga xa inkqubo yokomisa ibandakanya ukususa i-solvents eziphilayo
- Azifaneleki xa zomiswa izinto eziqinileyo ezinetyhefu kakhulu okanye ezinokutsha kuba zinokubangela umlilo okanye ugqabhuko-dubulo
Isomisi esijikelezayo
Izomisi ezijikelezayo zizixhobo zokomisa kwimizi-mveliso ezihlala zisetyenziswa kunye nezinto ezininzi eziqinileyo ukunciphisa ukufuma kwazo ngokudibana nerhasi eshushu.
Lo matshini unegubu elide elaliweyo elifakelwe iziphakamisi zangaphakathi okanye iinqwelomoya. Ishukumisa izinto xa igubu lijikeleza kancinane njengoko umoya oshushu udlula kulo.
Isomisi esijikelezayo sivumela izinto zokutya ukuba zinxibelelane ngokuthe ngqo nomoya oshushu ukukhupha ukufuma. Nangona kunjalo, i-rotary dryer engathanga ngqo inomoya oshushu owahlulwe kwizinto zokutya ngetyhubhu okanye ipleyiti yentsimbi. Ngoko ke ifanelekile kwizinto ezithintekayo ukushisa. Iyakwazi ukwenza zombini ibhetshi kunye neenkqubo zokomisa ngokuqhubekayo.
eziluncedo
- Ayinabungozi kubungakanani bamasuntswana
- Inoqoqosho ngenxa yeendleko eziphantsi zolondolozo
- Inomthamo omkhulu kunezomiso ezininzi
neengozi
- Inokubangela ilahleko egqithisileyo yoqeqesho, ngakumbi ukuba imathiriyeli yesondlo inemathiriyeli elunge kakhulu
Isixhobo esomisa ibhedi
Ngomdla okhulayo wehlabathi wokusebenzisa i-biomass njengomthombo wamafutha, i ibhedi esomisa ibhedi iye yathandwa ngakumbi. Idibanisa iimpawu zesomisi sebhedi enolwelo kunye nesomisi segubu ukomisa naluphi na uhlobo lwe-biomass.
Uyilo lwayo luqinisekisa inkqubo ethambileyo kunye nokomisa kumaqondo aphantsi. Inexesha elide lokuhlala elibalulekileyo kumashishini e-biofuel kunye nokurisayikilisha/kwenkunkuma. Iyomisa ngokufanelekileyo izixa ezikhulu zenkunkuma eluhlaza, iitshiphusi zokhuni, kunye neentsalela zebhayoloji ngamandla ashiyekileyo.
I-rolling bed dryer ifakwe ipleyiti ene-perforated apho imveliso ilele kwaye inikezelwa ngomoya oshushu ovela ngaphantsi. I-agitator yemveliso ijikeleza ngokuqhubekayo umoya njengoko ixuba ngokufanelekileyo izinto ezininzi.
Umatshini unomlinganiselo ophezulu wokuzalisa, uqinisekisa ukuba umoya oshushu udlula kwiindawo ezininzi zokuphambuka ngaphambi kokushiya ubuninzi. Olu tshintshiselwano lobushushu luqinisekisa iindawo ezifumileyo eziyiqanda, ngaloo ndlela kudala ezona ziphumo zomileyo.
eziluncedo
- Ubunakho bobushushu obuphantsi buqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kakhulu kuba ubushushu benkunkuma bufunyanwa lula
- Isebenza kakhulu nokuba ngamasuntswana amakhulu okanye abambekayo
- Ineendleko ezincinci zokusetyenzwa njengoko isebenzisa amandla ashiyekileyo
- Isetyenziswa jikelele kwiimveliso ezininzi
- Ayinagqabhuko-dubulo kwaye ikhuselekile ukuyisebenzisa
neengozi
- Ubushushu obuphantsi bunokukhokelela kwixesha elingonelanga lokuhlala kwemveliso
- Ukuxuba okuqinileyo okungalunganga
- Ubushushu obungaphelelanga obuqinileyo
Iiconvection dryers
Ezi zomisi zisoloko zisetyenziswa kushishino lokutya ukomisa izinto eziqinileyo. Iiconvection dryers zixhotyiswe ngeepleyiti ezine ezisusekayo ezingadlekiyo apho izixhobo zokutya zibekwe ukuze zomiswe.
Emva kokuba ukutya kufakwe kumjelo wokomisa, iipleyiti zibonakaliswe kumoya oshushu ovuthelwa ngumjelo. Umoya oshushu uya kutshisa izinto eziqinileyo, ukususa naluphi na umswakama. Ngaphezu koko, umoya unokufudunyezwa kwangaphambili kwaye isantya sawo silawulwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokomisa.
eziluncedo
- Inobushushu kunye nokudluliselwa kobuninzi
- Iqinisekisa ukufudumeza okufanayo kungakhathaliseki umbala wemveliso, ubungakanani, okanye imilo
- Ivumela ulawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu
neengozi
- Ifezekisa ukuhanjiswa kobushushu obuphantsi kuneendlela ezininzi zokufudumeza
- Ukuhamba komoya kungonakalisa imveliso
- Ifuna ixesha elongeziweyo lokuhlala kwemveliso
- Ithembele kwimveliso ye-thermal conductivity ukutshisa ingaphakathi layo eliphakathi
isiphelo
Izixhobo zokomisa kwimizi-mveliso zinokuba yi-asethi exabisekileyo kumashishini amaninzi kwaye zinezicelo ezininzi eziluncedo eziza kubona imfuno ekhulayo kule minyaka izayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqwalasela ithegi yexabiso elikhulu, ukuthenga isomisi semizi-mveliso sisigqibo ekufuneka sijongwe ngononophelo. Ngoko ke esi sikhokelo siye sachaza amanqaku athile aphambili ekufuneka aqwalaselwe xa ukhetha isomisi seshishini ukuze amashishini aqiniseke ukuba afumana imodeli efanelekileyo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye neemfuno zabo.
