Umthetho weMichiza (No 06 / 2007 / QH12) wapasiswa ngeseshoni yesibini ye-12th yeNdlu yoWiso-mthetho ngoNovemba 21, 2007, kwaye sele iqalile ukusebenza ukususela ngoJulayi 1, 2008. Uye waba yintloko yembombo yokulawulwa kweekhemikhali zaseVietnam, ebonisa imeko ethile yezoqoqosho kwishishini lemichiza kunye nophuhliso lolawulo lweekhemikhali zehlabathi. Emva kweminyaka eyi-15 yokuphunyezwa okuzinzileyo, umthetho ubonakalise ukunabisa kwawo kunye nokuqhubela phambili. Nangona kunjalo, ngokumiselwa koMthetho woCwangciso, uMthetho woTyalo-mali, kunye noMthetho woKhuseleko lokusiNgqongileyo, njl.njl. kunye notshintsho kwinkqubo yolawulo, amaxwebhu esisikhokelo soMthetho weMichiza aye achaphazeleka, enza buthathaka ulungelelwaniso kunye nobunye benkqubo yolawulo. Ngoko ke, urhulumente kunye neNdlu yoWiso-mthetho yeSizwe baye bagqiba ekubeni bahlaziye uMthetho weMichiza ukukhuthaza ukungaguquguquki kulawulo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
UMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye noRhwebo (MOIT) waseVietnam uye wagqiba uhlaziyo oluyilwayo kuMthetho weMichiza kunye nezicwangciso zokuwuthumela kurhulumente ngoJuni 2024, kwaye emva koko kwiNdlu yoWiso-mthetho ukuze ihlaziywe kwiseshoni ye-8 ngo-Oktobha 2024. Olu hlaziyo luhlaziyo olubalulekileyo kumthetho oyintloko wolawulo lweekhemikhali kwaye ucela izimvo zoluntu. Olu hlaziyo lujolise ekujonganeni nemiba kunye nokusilela okuye kwavela ukususela ekubeni umthetho waphunyezwa ngo-2008 kunye nokuthobela imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe ukutsala utyalo-mali lweenkampani zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokubonelela ngamathuba amaninzi kumashishini aseVietnam kwimarike yehlabathi.
Olu qulunqo lugcina imigaqo-nkqubo engundoqo engeniswe ngurhulumente kwiNdlu yoWiso-mthetho yeSizwe ingatshintshwanga, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
1. Ukulungelelaniswa koMda
Xa kuthelekiswa noMthetho weMichiza (2007), ububanzi bohlaziyo lwandisiwe ukuze lubandakanye imimiselo yophuhliso loshishino lweekhemikhali kunye neekhemikhali kwiimveliso. Idrafti ehlaziyiweyo kulindeleke ukuba ichaze kwaye icacise isigama seekhemikhali kunye neemveliso ezinemichiza, kunye nokucacisa iintlobo zemisebenzi yeekhemikhali, ngaloo ndlela yenza umda womthetho ucace ngakumbi kune-2007 edition.
2. Amaqumrhu aSebenzayo
Amaziko asebenzayo kuhlaziyo ahlala engatshintshwanga kuhlelo luka-2007. Ngokukodwa, umthetho usebenza kwimibutho nakubantu ababandakanyeka kwimisebenzi yemichiza; imibutho kunye nabantu ababandakanyeka kwimisebenzi yemichiza ngaphakathi kwendawo yeRiphabhliki yaseSocialist yaseVietnam.
3. Ubume boYilo
Uhlaziyo oluyilwayo loMthetho weMichiza lubandakanya amanqaku angama-95 kwaye lwahlulwe ngokwezahluko ze-11, kunye nolungiselelo oluthile kunye nolwakhiwo lwesahluko ngasinye ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Isahluko I. IMiqathango Jikelele, equlethwe ngamanqaku ama-6 (ukusuka kwiSiqendu 1 ukuya kwiSiqendu 6).
- Isahluko II. Ukuphuhliswa koShishino lweMichiza, olunamanqaku ama-5 (ukusuka kwiNqaku lesi-7 ukuya kwiNqaku le-11).
- Isahluko III. Ulawulo olupheleleyo lweMichiza yoBomi, equlethwe ngamacandelo e-4, amanqaku angama-34 (ukusuka kwinqaku le-12 ukuya kwiSiqendu 45).
- Isahluko IV. Ukubhaliswa kweeKhemikhali, ukuBonelelwa koLwazi, kunye neNtengiso yeeKhemikhali, equlethwe ngamanqaku angama-13 (ukusuka kwinqaku lama-46 ukuya kwiNqaku lama-58).
- Isahluko V. Ukuzalisekiswa kweZibophelelo zaMazwe ngaMazwe kuLawulo lweMichiza, olunamanqaku ama-2 (iSiqendu 59 kunye neSiqendu 60).
- Isahluko VI. Iikhemikhali ezinobungozi kwiiMveliso, eziqulethwe ngamanqaku e-3 (ukusuka kwiNqaku le-61 ukuya kwiNqaku le-63).
- Isahluko VII. UKhuseleko lweMichiza, olubandakanya iinxalenye ze-2, amanqaku angama-14 (ukusuka kwiSiqendu 64 ukuya kwiSiqendu 77).
- Isahluko VIII. Ukukhuselwa kokusiNgqongileyo kunye noKhuseleko loLuntu, oluqulethwe ngamanqaku angama-5 (ukusuka kwiSiqendu 78 ukuya kwiSiqendu 82).
- Isahluko IX. Inkqubo yeNgxelo, equlethwe ngamanqaku ama-4 (ukusuka kwiSiqendu 83 ukuya kwiSiqendu 86).
- ISahluko X. Uxanduva lweSizwe kuLawulo lweMicimbi yeMichiza, olunamanqaku asi-7 (ukusuka kwiSiqendu 87 ukuya kwiSiqendu 93); kwaye
- Isahluko XI. Imimiselo yokwenziwa, equlethwe ngamanqaku e-2 (iSiqendu 94 kunye neSiqendu 95).
4. Umxholo osisiseko woYilo
a) ISahluko I. Izibonelelo ngokuBanzi
Esi sahluko sikhankanya oku kulandelayo: umda wolawulo; izigqeba ezisebenzayo; isicelo somthetho; ukutolikwa kwamagama; imigaqo yemisebenzi yeekhemikhali; kunye nezenzo ezithintelwe ngokungqongqo kwimisebenzi yekhemikhali. Izuza ilifa kwaye iphucule kumalungiselelo anxulumene namaqumrhu asebenzayo, ukusetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni, imigaqo yemisebenzi yemichiza, kunye nezenzo ezithintelwe ngokungqongqo kwimisebenzi yekhemikhali kuMthetho weMichiza (2007). Ikwalungisa kwaye yongeze izibonelelo ezinxulumene nokutolikwa kwamagama.
b) Isahluko II. Uphuhliso loShishino lweMichiza
Esi sahluko sichaza oku kulandelayo: imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente kuphuhliso loshishino lwemichiza; izicwangciso zophuhliso loshishino lweekhemikhali; imigaqo yeeprojekthi zeekhemikhali; amacandelo aphambili kushishino lweekhemikhali; kunye nemisebenzi yokubonisana neekhemikhali.
c) Isahluko III. Ulawulo olupheleleyo lweMichiza yoBomi
Esi sahluko sibonelela ngolawulo lweekhemikhali ezivaliweyo; imimiselo yolawulo lweekhemikhali ezilawulwa ngokukodwa; ulawulo lweekhemikhali eziveliswe ngokwemiqathango nezirhweba ngazo, kunye nolawulo lweekhemikhali eziyingozi.
d) Isahluko IV. Ukubhaliswa kweeKhemikhali, uBonelelo loLwazi, kunye neNtengiso yeeKhemikhali
Esi sahluko sizuza njengelifa uhlelo luka-2007 lobhaliso, uvavanyo, nolawulo lweekhemikhali ezintsha; ulwazi malunga neekhemikhali; ukuhlelwa, ukuleyibhile, kunye nokupakishwa kweekhemikhali; amaxwebhu edatha yokhuseleko lweekhemikhali; ubumfihlo bolwazi; uluhlu lweekhemikhali zesizwe kunye nedathabheyisi yeekhemikhali zesizwe; kunye nemigaqo kwintengiso yeekhemikhali.
e) ISahluko V. Ukuzalisekiswa kweZibophelelo zaMazwe ngaMazwe kuLawulo lweMichiza
Esi sahluko songezelela izibonelelo malunga nokuthotyelwa kwemibutho kunye nabantu ngabanye abanezibophelelo zamazwe ngamazwe zaseVietnam kulawulo lweekhemikhali njengelizwe elilungu; kwaye yabela ii-arhente zoqhagamshelwano ezinoxanduva lokuzalisekisa izibophelelo zamazwe ngamazwe kulawulo lweekhemikhali.
f) Isahluko VI. Iikhemikhali ezinobungozi kwiiMveliso
Esi sahluko songeza la malungiselelo alandelayo: imimiselo jikelele malunga neekhemikhali ezinobungozi kwiimveliso, ukuseka iinkqubo zokulawula iikhemikhali ezinobungozi ngexesha lokuvelisa, kunye nokuvezwa kolwazi malunga nomxholo weekhemikhali ezinobungozi kwiimveliso.
g) Isahluko VII. Ukhuseleko lweMichiza
Esi sahluko sichaza oku kulandelayo: iimeko zokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kwimveliso, imisebenzi yezorhwebo, ukuthutha, ukugcinwa kweekhemikhali, kunye nokuthintela kunye nokuphendula kwiingozi zeekhemikhali.
h) Isahluko VIII. Ukhuseleko lokusiNgqongileyo kunye noKhuseleko loLuntu
Esi sahluko sizuza kuhlelo luka-2007 ngoxanduva lokukhusela okusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko loluntu, amalungelo kunye nezibophelelo zemibutho kunye nabantu ngabanye malunga nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko loluntu, ukubhengezwa kolwazi lokhuseleko lwemichiza, uxanduva lokujongana neekhemikhali eziyityhefu ezishiyekileyo, uxanduva lokuphatha iimveliso ezithathiweyo ezinemichiza eyityhefu, kunye noxanduva lokujongana neekhemikhali ezinetyhefu. Ibhangisa izibonelelo ze-inshurensi ye-liability kumonakalo owenziwe yimichiza, njengoko oku sele kuchaziwe kuMthetho we-Inshurensi.
i) Isahluko IX. Inkqubo yokunika ingxelo
Esi sahluko sazisa inkqubo yokunika ingxelo rhoqo yemisebenzi yotyalo-mali kwaye siphucula iimfuno zokunika ingxelo rhoqo kulawulo lweemveliso zemichiza eyingozi. Izuza njengelifa uhlelo luka-2007 kunye nemimiselo yayo ethile kwiinkqubo zokunika ingxelo malunga nokuveliswa, ukungenisa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali ezivaliweyo; ukunika ingxelo ngemveliso, ukungenisa elizweni, ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali ezinobungozi, kunye nemisebenzi yokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lweekhemikhali; kunye nezibonelelo kwixesha lokugcinwa kweengxelo.
j) ISahluko X. Uxanduva lweSizwe kuLawulo lweMisebenzi yeMichiza
Esi sahluko sichaza oku kulandelayo: uxanduva lwesizwe lokulawula imisebenzi yeekhemikhali, uxanduva loMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye noRhwebo, uMphathiswa wezeMpilo, uMphathiswa wezoLimo noPhuhliso lwamaPhandle, uMphathiswa wezoKhuseleko loLuntu, uMphathiswa wezoKhuseleko lweSizwe, uMphathiswa wezoButho beNdalo kunye nokusiNgqongileyo, iSebe lezoThutho, iSebe lezaBasebenzi, amagqala eMfazwe kunye neMicimbi yezeNtlalo, iSebe lezeNzululwazi kunye neTekhnoloji, kunye noxanduva lwabantu beKomiti yePhondo. Iquka amalungiselelo okuhlolwa, ukuphatha ukuphulwa, kunye nokusombulula ingxabano kwimisebenzi yekhemikhali, ukufumana ilifa le-2007 edition.
k) Isahluko XI. Amalungiselelo okwenziwa
Esi sahluko sichaza umhla wokuqalisa kunye namagatya otshintsho omthetho.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuphunyezwa koyilo, i-MOIT iphinde yenza uhlolo olubanzi lwemigaqo-nkqubo emine ilandelayo, kuquka ukuchonga imiba esele ikho, iinjongo zokusombulula, izisombululo ezicetywayo, kunye nokuvavanya impembelelo yezisombululo. Emva kokuhlalutya kunye nokuthelekisa iimpembelelo ezilungileyo nezingalunganga zesisombululo ngasinye, eyona ndlela ingcono yakhethwa:
- Umgaqo-nkqubo 1: Ukuguqula ishishini lemichiza ukuze libe lushishino olusisiseko lwanamhlanje.
- Umgaqo-nkqubo 2: Ulawulo olungqamaniso lwemichiza kubomi babo bonke.
- Umgaqo-nkqubo 3: Ulawulo lweekhemikhali eziyingozi kwiimveliso.
- Umgaqo-nkqubo 4: Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwengqinisekiso yokhuseleko lweekhemikhali.
Olu hlaziyo lubonisa ukuzibophelela okuthe gqolo kukarhulumente waseVietnam kukhuseleko lwekhemikhali kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ngelixa ikwabonelela ngobume obucacileyo bolawulo kubatyali-zimali basekhaya nabangaphandle. Kweli nqanaba libalulekileyo lokucela izimvo zoluntu, urhulumente wenze iqonga ukuze uluntu luqinisekise ukuba umthetho omtsha ungakhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho ngelixa udibana nentlalontle yoluntu.
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