Kuqoqosho lwanamhlanje olukhawulezayo lwehlabathi, ukubaluleka kwekhonkco lonikezelo olusebenzayo noluphendulayo akunakubaxwa. ULawulo lweKhonkco loNikezelo (SCM) lusembindini wokugqwesa kokusebenza kumashishini kuwo wonke amashishini, eqinisekisa ukuhamba kakuhle kwempahla, ulwazi, kunye nemali esuka kumthengisi ukuya kubathengi. Eli nqaku lijonge kwimiba ebalulekileyo yeSCM, liqhekeza ubunzima bayo libe ngamacandelo aqondakalayo, kwaye linikezela ngemibono malunga nendlela amashishini anokuqhuba ngayo kwaye aphucule amakhonkco awo okubonelela ngokusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokwaneliseka kwabathengi.
Isiqulatho:
1. Ukuqonda iziseko zoLawulo lweeNtengo
2. Imingeni ejongene noLawulo lweNtengo namhlanje
3. Indima yethekhinoloji kuLawulo lweeNtengo
4. Izicwangciso-qhinga zoLawulo olululo lweKhonkco loNikezelo
5. Ikamva loLawulo lweeNtengo
Ukuqonda iziseko zoLawulo lweeNtengo
ULawulo lweSixokelelwano soBonelelo lubandakanya ukucwangciswa nokulawulwa kwayo yonke imisebenzi ebandakanyekayo ekufumaneni, ekuthengweni, ekuguquleni nasekulawuleni izinto. Ikwabandakanya amacandelo abalulekileyo olungelelwaniso kunye nentsebenziswano namahlakani etshaneli, anokuba ngababoneleli, abalamleli, ababoneleli benkonzo bomntu wesithathu, kunye nabathengi. Ngokwenyani, iSCM idibanisa unikezelo kunye nolawulo lwebango ngaphakathi nakwiinkampani zonke.
Eyona njongo ye-SCM kukudala ixabiso eliseleyo, ukwakha iziseko ezingundoqo ezikhuphisanayo, ukomeleza ulungiselelo lwehlabathi jikelele, ukulungelelanisa ukubonelela ngemfuno, kunye nokulinganisa ukusebenza kwihlabathi jikelele. Imalunga nokuhambisa izinto ezifanelekileyo kwindawo elungileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kwaye ngexabiso elifanelekileyo. Ukuntsokotha kweSCM kuyahluka kakhulu ukusuka kwishishini ukuya kwishishini, kodwa imigaqo esisiseko yokusebenza kakuhle, ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, kunye nokwaneliseka kwabathengi kuhlala kuphambili.
Imingeni ejongene noLawulo lweNtengo namhlanje
Amakhonkco obonelelo namhlanje ajongene nemingeni engazange ibonwe ngaphambili. Ukusuka kwimfuno eguquguqukayo yabathengi kunye nokhuphiswano lwehlabathi ukuya kwizinto ezintsonkothileyo eziveliswe yi-logistics yemida kunye nesidingo sozinzo, amashishini aphantsi koxinzelelo oluqhubekayo ukuze alungelelanise kwaye aphumelele. Ubhubhani we-COVID-19 uye waqaqambisa ngakumbi ubuthathaka bobonelelo lwehlabathi jikelele, eveza ubuthathaka kunye nokunyanzela iinkampani ukuba zicinge ngokutsha izicwangciso zazo zokuqinisekisa ukomelela kunye nokuqhubekeka.
Ngaphaya koko, ukwanda kwemfuno yabathengi yokungafihli kunye namaxesha okuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza kongeza omnye umaleko wobunzima. Amashishini ngoku kufuneka alungelelanise imfuno yokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kunye nokulindela okukhulayo koxanduva lokuziphatha kunye nokusingqongileyo. Esi senzo sokulungelelanisa sifuna izisombululo ezitsha kunye nokuzimisela ukwamkela utshintsho.
Indima yethekhinoloji kuLawulo lweNtengo yokuThenga
Itekhnoloji idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuguquleni iSCM, inika izisombululo ezandisa ukubonakala, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuphendula. Itekhnoloji ephucukileyo efana ne-Intanethi yeZinto (IoT), ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa (AI), ibhloko, kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha enkulu iphinda ihlengahlengise indlela amakhonkco okubonelela asebenza ngayo. Ezi teknoloji zibonelela ngedatha yexesha langempela, uhlalutyo oluqikelelweyo, kunye nonxibelelwano olwandisiweyo kuwo wonke umxokelelwane wokubonelela, okuvumela ukwenziwa kwezigqibo ezinolwazi ngakumbi kunye nobuchule obukhulu.
Umzekelo, izixhobo ze-IoT zinokulandelela iimveliso ukusuka kwimveliso ukuya ekuhanjisweni, ziqinisekisa ukungafihli kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko welahleko okanye umgunyathi. Ngokufanayo, i-AI kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha enkulu inokuqikelela imfuno echaneke ngakumbi, yandise amanqanaba e-inventri, kunye nokuchonga ukuphazamiseka okunokuthi kwenzeke ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke. Itekhnoloji yeBlockchain, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inikezela ngendlela ekhuselekileyo necacileyo yokubhala ukuthengiselana, ukuqinisa ukuthembana phakathi kwamaqabane okubonelela.
Izicwangciso-qhinga zoLawulo olululo lweKhonkco lokuThenga
I-SCM esebenzayo ifuna indlela yobuchule ehambelana neenjongo zoshishino ngokubanzi. Esinye isicwangciso esingundoqo kukukhuthaza ubudlelwane obuluqilima kunye nawo onke amaqabane okubonelela, kubandakanywa ababoneleli, ababoneleli bezinto eziphathekayo, kunye nabathengi. Intsebenziswano kunye nonxibelelwano lubalulekile ekuchongeni nasekunciphiseni imingcipheko, ukuphucula iinkqubo, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba isixokelelwano sobonelelo sinokuziqhelanisa neenguqu ngokukhawuleza.
Esinye isicwangciso-qhinga kukutyalomali kwitekhnoloji nakwizinto ezintsha. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ukusebenzisa itekhnoloji efanelekileyo kunokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwekhonkco lokubonelela. Nangona kunjalo, kukwabalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi banezakhono nolwazi lokusebenzisa obu bugcisa ngokufanelekileyo.
Okokugqibela, uzinzo kufuneka ludityaniswe kwizicwangciso zekhonkco lonikezelo. Oku akubandakanyi nje ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kodwa kwanokuqinisekisa izenzo ezisesikweni zabasebenzi kunye nokuxhasa uluntu lwasekuhlaleni. Ikhonkco lobonelelo oluzinzileyo aluxhamli nje kuphela iplanethi kunye noluntu kodwa lunokuphucula isidima sohlobo kunye nokuthembeka kwabathengi.
Ikamva loLawulo lweeNtengo
Ikamva leSCM linokuphawulwa ngokuntsonkotha okukhulu ngakumbi kunye nokuyila kobuchwepheshe. Amakhonkco obonelelo aya kuqhagamshelwa ngakumbi kwaye abonakale, kwaye uzinzo kunye nokomelela kube yizinto eziphambili eziphambili. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-AI, i-IoT, kunye nobunye ubuchwephesha obuphambili buya kuba bubuqhetseba, buvumela amakhonkco obonelelo agugileyo kunye aphendulayo.
Ngaphaya koko, njengoko izinto ezikhethwa ngabathengi ziqhubeka nokuvela, amakhonkco obonelelo kuya kufuneka agxile ngakumbi kubathengi, abonelele ngamava omntu kunye neendlela ezikhawulezayo, ezithembekileyo zokuhambisa. Umceli mngeni kumashishini iya kuba kukulungelelanisa ezi mfuno kunye nesidingo sokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye nozinzo, kufuna ukusungulwa kwezinto ezintsha kunye nokuziqhelanisa.
isiphelo
ULawulo lweKhonkco loNikezelo licandelo elibalulekileyo lempumelelo yeshishini, eliquka uluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi ukusuka ekuthengeni ukuya kunikezelo lwabathengi. Ngelixa imiceli mngeni ibalulekile, ukusuka kukuphazamiseka kwehlabathi ukuya ekuphuhliseni ulindelo lwabathengi, amathuba okuqamba izinto ezintsha kunye nokuphucula makhulu. Ngokuqonda izinto ezisisiseko, ukwamkela itekhnoloji, kunye nokwamkela iindlela ezicwangcisiweyo, amashishini anokukhangela ubunzima beSCM kwaye afezekise ukugqwesa kokusebenza.
