Ii-elevators ziyinxalenye yolwakhiwo lwangoku, ngokuthula abantu kunye nempahla phakathi kwemigangatho ngokufanelekileyo nangokulula. Lo mmangaliso womatshini uye wavela ngokubonakalayo ukusukela ekusekweni kwawo, ubandakanya itekhnoloji ephezulu yokuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga ukusebenza kwee-elevator, indlela yokuzisebenzisa, iindleko zazo, kunye nezinye zeemodeli eziphezulu ezikhoyo kwimarike.
Isiqulatho:
– Yintoni ilifti?
– Zisebenza njani iikhetshi?
– Indlela yokusebenzisa ilifti
– Ixabisa malini ilifti?
– Izinyusi eziphezulu
Yintoni ilifti?
I-elevator, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-lift, luhlobo lwesixhobo sothutho esime nkqo esihambisa abantu okanye iimpahla phakathi kwemigangatho yesakhiwo okanye isakhiwo. Ingqikelelo yeelevator ibuyele emva kwiinkulungwane ezininzi, kodwa ifom kunye nomsebenzi esiwaziyo namhlanje waqala ukumila ngenkulungwane ye-19. Ii-elevators zisisiseko kwizakhiwo ezinemigangatho emininzi, ziyimfuneko ekufikelelekeni kunye nokuhamba ngokuthe nkqo okusebenzayo. Ziza kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa abakhweli, imithwalo, kunye nezinyusi zenkonzo, nganye ilungiselelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile.
Zisebenza njani iikhetshi?
Izinyusi zisebenza ngendlela elula kodwa enobuchule elinganisa ukusebenza kakuhle nokhuseleko. Amacandelo angundoqo enkqubo ye-elevator abandakanya imoto, i-counterweights, izithungu, kunye nemoto. Imoto yindlu ehambisa abakhweli okanye imithwalo. Izixhobo zokubala, ngokuqhelekileyo ezinobunzima obufana nobufana nemoto xa ilayishiwe ngesiqingatha, inceda ukulinganisa umthwalo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula kwimoto ukuhambisa ilifti inyuse inyuka. Izithungu zii-pulleys ezikhokela iintambo eziqhagamshelwe kwimoto kunye nee-counterweights. Izinyusi zale mihla zikwaquka iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zokulawula ukuhamba kweelevathi, isantya, kunye nokuma ngokuchanekileyo.
Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwendlela ye-elevator yi-elevator traction, esebenzisa iintambo zetsimbi kunye nenkqubo ye-pulley. I-motor iqhuba izithungu, ihambisa iintambo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, imoto. Ukhuseleko, iilifti zixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo ezininzi, kubandakanywa iziqhoboshi ezibandakanya ukusilela kombane okanye isantya esigqithisileyo. Olunye uhlobo, i-hydraulic elevator, isebenzisa inkunzi ye-hydraulic ukuphakamisa inqwelo ye-elevator. Ezi ziqhele ukufunyanwa kwizakhiwo ezisezantsi ngenxa yezantya ezicothayo kunye nokuphakama okulinganiselweyo.
Indlela yokusebenzisa i-elevator
Ukusebenzisa i-elevator yinkqubo ecacileyo, kodwa ukuqonda ukusebenza kwayo kunokwandisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Xa usondela kwi-elevator, abasebenzisi bacofa iqhosha lokufowuna elihambelana necala abafuna ukuya kulo. Ngaphakathi emotweni, amaqhosha omgangatho ngamnye avumela abakhweli ukuba bakhethe indawo abaya kuyo. Izinyusi zala maxesha zinokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokuhambisa eziphucukileyo apho abakhweli bafaka indawo abaya kuyo ngaphambi kokuba bangene, yaye inkqubo leyo ibalathisela kwisinyusi esithile esiya kubabeka emgangathweni wabo ngokufanelekileyo.
Ukhuseleko lubalulekile xa usebenzisa izinyusi. Kubalulekile ukuvumela abakhweli ukuba baphume phambi kokuba bangene, yima kufutshane neminyango, kwaye uphume ngokukhawuleza xa ufika emgangathweni wakho ukunqanda ukulibazisa ilifti. Kwimeko yonxunguphalo, njengokuxinga kwi-elevator, sebenzisa iqhosha lonxibelelwano olungxamisekileyo ukulumkisa ukugcinwa kwesakhiwo okanye iinkonzo zikaxakeka. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokubambelela kwizikhokelo zokhuseleko kuqinisekisa ukuba ii-elevators zisebenza kakuhle kwaye ngokukhuselekileyo.
Ibiza malini ilifti?
Iindleko ze-elevator zihluka ngokubanzi ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwayo, umthamo, isantya, kunye nobunzima bofakelo. Izinyusi zokuhlala zinokuqala ukusuka kwi-10,000 yeedola ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-100,000 yeedola. Isiphelo esisezantsi se-spectrum sibandakanya iimodeli ezisisiseko ezineempawu eziqhelekileyo, ngelixa isiphelo esiphezulu sibandakanya izinyusi zodidi oluphezulu kunye noyilo lwesiko kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili. Izinyusi zorhwebo, ngenxa yobukhulu bazo kunye nomthamo ophezulu, zinokubiza naphi na ukusuka kwi-75,000 yeedola ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-150,000 yeedola. Iindleko zokufakela zinokuchaphazela kakhulu ixabiso lilonke, ngakumbi kwizakhiwo esele zikho apho kunokufuneka ukulungiswa ngokutsha.
Iindleko zokuyigcina kunye nokusebenza nazo zinegalelo kwindleko iyonke yokuba ne-elevator. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokuphila kwe-elevator, kunye neendleko zonyaka ukusuka kumakhulu ambalwa ukuya kumawaka amaninzi eedola, kuxhomekeke kubunzima benkqubo kunye neepatheni zokusetyenziswa.
Izinyusi eziphezulu
Xa kuziwa ekukhetheni i-elevator, abavelisi abaninzi bagqama ngomgangatho wabo, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kunye nokuthembeka. I-Otis, i-Schindler, kunye ne-Thyssenkrupp ziphakathi kwamagama aphezulu kumashishini, anikezela uluhlu lweemodeli ezifanelekileyo kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo. Uthotho lwe-Gen2 luka-Otis ludume ngokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokukhwela okugudileyo. Itekhnoloji ye-PORT ye-Schindler iguqula indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-elevators kwaye ithunyelwe ngayo, iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye namava omsebenzisi. I-MULTI ye-Thyssenkrupp yinkqubo ye-elevator engenantambo kwaye ishukuma ngokuthe tye, ebonisa ikamva lothutho oluthe nkqo.
Nganye kwezi modeli iquka ukuqhubela phambili kwitekhnoloji ye-elevator, igxile kukhuseleko, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuzinza. Xa ukhetha i-elevator, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iimfuno ezithile zesakhiwo kunye nabantu abahlala kuso, kunye neendleko zexesha elide zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa.
Isiphelo:
I-elevators ngumxube onomdla wobunjineli kunye neteknoloji, iyimfuneko kwintshukumo ethe nkqo yabantu kunye nempahla kwizakhiwo ezinemigangatho emininzi. Ukuqonda indlela asebenza ngayo, indlela yokuyisebenzisa ngokukhuselekileyo, kunye neendleko ezibandakanyekayo kunokunceda abantu kunye namashishini benze izigqibo ezinolwazi xa befaka okanye besebenzisa izinyusi. Ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo kwitekhnoloji, ikamva lezinyusi lijongeka lisebenza ngakumbi, likhuselekile, kwaye lisebenziseka lula, lithembisa ukunyusa amava ethu othutho oluthe nkqo ukuya kubude obutsha.
