Isiqulatho
● Intshayelelo
● Isishwankathelo semarike
● Iindidi zamakhadi emizobo
● Indlela yokukhetha ikhadi elichanekileyo lemizobo
● Umqukumbelo
intshayelelo
Ukubaluleka kwamakhadi emizobo kuyaqhubeka ukukhula, kudlula ngaphaya komdlalo nje ukuya kwiindawo zokuyilwa komxholo wobuchwephesha kunye nemisebenzi enzima yokubala. La makhadi ngoku abaluleke kakhulu ekwandiseni ukusebenza kunye nomgangatho wokubonwayo wezicelo ukusuka kwimidlalo yevidiyo entywilayo ukuya kwi-software efunwayo yoyilo lwegraphic kunye nezicelo eziqhutywa yi-AI. Ukuvela ngokukhawuleza kweteknoloji ye-GPU kukhokelele kwiimodeli ezisebenzayo, ezinamandla, kunye nezonga amandla ezihlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zobuchwephesha kunye nabathengi. Njengoko amakhadi emizobo esiba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye nekhompyuter yemihla ngemihla, ukuqonda amandla abo kunye nokukhetha echanekileyo akukaze kubaluleke ngakumbi.
ubenemboniselo Market
Imakethi yekhadi lemizobo ibone inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, ngakumbi kuphuhliso loyilo olusebenzayo ngakumbi kunye nokuthembeka kwegraphical okuphuculweyo, okuhambelana nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. Olu phuculo lubalulekile njengoko abavelisi besabela ekwandeni kovakalelo lwabathengi kwiindleko zamandla kunye neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo. NgokweDigital Trends, iiyunithi zamva nje zokusetyenzwa kwemizobo (GPUs) zibonisa ukuphucuka kobuchule bamandla malunga ne-25%, ngelixa zinikezela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-35% yokwanda kwemveliso yegraphic xa kuthelekiswa nesizukulwana sangaphambili. Olu tshintsho lubonelela ngemfuno ekhulayo yesisombululo esiphezulu, amava antywilayo kwizicelo ezifana nemidlalo kunye nenyani yenyani, igxininisa ukuzinikela kweshishini ekutyhaleni imida yetekhnoloji yokusetyenzwa kwemizobo.
Kwimfuno yabathengi, imarike ihlala iguquguquka, ineemfuno ezahlukeneyo kumacandelo ahlukeneyo. Abadlali badlala indima enkulu, baqhuba imfuno yamakhadi egrafiki asebenza ngokuphezulu axhasa izinto ezisikwayo ezinjengomkhondo wemitha yexesha lokwenyani kunye nezixhasi eziqhutywa yi-AI ezifana neSampuli eNzululwazi eNzululwazi (DLSS). Ezi mpawu zisebenzisa ukufundwa komatshini ukunyusa umgangatho womfanekiso kunye nokusebenza, kunye ne-DLSS yodwa ephucula amaxabiso esakhelo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40%, njengoko kugxininiswe yiTechRadar. Abasebenzisi abaziingcali kwiinkalo ezifana nokuhlelwa kwevidiyo kunye noyilo lwemizobo babeka phambili amakhadi anikezela ngokuchanekileyo kwaye anokusingatha ngokufanelekileyo imisebenzi enzima yokunikezela. Ngaphaya koko, njengoko kudityaniswa i-AI kwitekhnoloji ye-GPU isiya isiba nzulu, kuye kwakho ukonyuka okuphawulekayo kubuchule be-GPU, kunye neemodeli ezintsha ezinika ingxelo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50% yokwanda kwamandla okusebenza. Ngokutsho kweTechRadar, ishishini likwabona ukunyuka kwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo eziyilelwe ukulawula imisebenzi ethile efana nokubalwa kwe-AI ngokufanelekileyo, ebonisa ukuqhubela phambili okunje nge-30% yokonyuka kwamanani angundoqo kunye nokwandiswa okubalulekileyo kwi-bandwidth yememori, okubalulekileyo ekulawuleni iiseti zedatha ezinkulu kunye neemfuno ezintsonkothileyo zokubala.
Iintlobo zamakhadi emizobo
Amakhadi emizobo yokudlala
Kubadlali bemidlalo, iimfuno zamakhadi egraphic ziphezulu kakhulu, zifuna izisombululo ezomeleleyo ezijongana nokusetyenzwa kwegraphical ngaphandle kokuthomalalisa. La makhadi axhotyiswe ngememori ye-GDDR6X ephezulu, ebonelela nge-bandwidth eyimfuneko yomdlalo onesisombululo esiphezulu kunye neziphumo ezibonakalayo ezinzima. Amanani aphambili e-GPU abenza bakwazi ukulawula imo engqongileyo eneenkcukacha kunye neguqukayo ngaphandle komthungo, beqinisekisa umdlalo ogudileyo naphantsi kweemeko ezinzima. Ukongeza, itekhnoloji yokupholisa ephucukileyo efana neenkqubo zokupholisa ulwelo okanye ukuseta iifeni ezininzi zisemgangathweni wokulawula ubushushu obubalulekileyo obenziwa ngexesha leeseshoni zokudlala ixesha elide. Ukudityaniswa kwetekhnoloji yokulandelela imitha yexesha lokwenyani kutyhala ngakumbi umda wokwenyani, kuvumela ukukhanya okumangalisayo kunye neziphumo zesithunzi eziphucula amava okuntywila kwimidlalo yanamhlanje.
Amakhadi emizobo yobungcali
Kwindawo yokwenziwa komxholo wobuchwephesha, amakhadi emizobo alungiselelwe ukuhambisa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuphatha iiseti zedatha enkulu ngokufanelekileyo. Ezi GPUs zixhotyiswe ngezixa ezikhulu zeVRAM, ziyimfuneko ekusetyenzweni kwemifanekiso enesisombululo esiphezulu kunye neevidiyo kwimisebenzi efana nonikezelo lwe-3D kunye neziphumo ezibonakalayo ezintsonkothileyo zokuhamba komsebenzi. Amakhadi ochwephesha ahlala ebonisa ii-cores ezikhethekileyo zekhompuyutha ezikhawulezisa unikezelo kunye neenkqubo eziqhutywa yi-AI, ezibalulekileyo ukukhawulezisa amaxesha emveliso kwiisetingi zobungcali. I-Error-correcting code (ECC) inkumbulo ixhaphake kakhulu ukukhusela ukonakala kwedatha, ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokuthembeka ngexesha lemisebenzi ebalulekileyo. Ulungelelwaniso lwamandla, isantya, kunye nokuchaneka kwenza la makhadi abe zizixhobo ezibaluleke kakhulu kwiingcali kwiinkalo zegraphics.
Amakhadi emizobo alungelelanisiweyo
Idizayinelwe ukusetyenziswa yonke imihla, amakhadi emizobo alungelelanisiweyo ajongana nabasebenzisi abafuna ukusebenza okubonakalayo okusisiseko kwimisebenzi efana nokusasaza imidiya, ukuhlela iifoto ezilula, kunye nosetyenziso lweofisi. La makhadi akholisa ukusebenzisa i-architecture eyonga amandla kunye nezisombululo ezilula zokupholisa ukunika ukusebenza okwaneleyo kwimisebenzi eqhelekileyo yekhompyutha. Ulungelelwaniso lwenkumbulo olufana ne-GDDR6 luxhaphakile, oluthi ngelixa lucotha kune-GDDR6X esetyenziswa kumakhadi anamandla ngakumbi, lusabonelela ngokuphuma okwaneleyo kosetyenziso olungamandla. Ezi GPUs zifumana ibhalansi efanelekileyo phakathi kweendleko kunye nokusebenza, zinika umsebenzisi wemihla ngemihla isisombululo esinexabiso eliphantsi ngaphandle kweentsimbi kunye neempempe zamakhadi emizobo aphambili.
Amakhadi emizobo eHybrid
Amakhadi emizobo eHybrid anceda abasebenzisi abajongana neemfuno phakathi kwemidlalo ephezulu yokusebenza kunye nekhompyuter ngokubanzi. Ezi GPUs ziyaguquguquka, zixhotyiswe ngokubala kwe-GPU ephakathi kunye nememori ye-GDDR6, ekwaziyo ukuxhasa umdlalo oqhelekileyo, ukudlala ividiyo, kunye nemisebenzi enzima yegraphical kunomsebenzi oqhelekileyo weofisi. Bahlala beza nezisombululo ezisebenzayo zokupholisa ezihlala zithule phantsi komthwalo, zibenza zibe zilungele iimeko zeofisi yasekhaya apho amanqanaba engxolo ayinkxalabo. Amakhadi eHybrid amele umhlaba ophakathi, abonelela ngokusebenza ngcono kuneemodeli ezilungelelanisiweyo ngaphandle kwethegi yexabiso eliphezulu lemidlalo yenqanaba eliphezulu okanye iiGPU zobungcali.
Amakhadi emizobo ekhethekileyo
Ngaphandle kweendidi eziqhelekileyo, imarike ikwabona amakhadi emizobo ekhethekileyo eyilelwe usetyenziso lwe-niche. Ezi ziquka ii-GPUs ezilungiselelwe imisebenzi efana ne-crypto currency mining kunye neemodeli ezihlangeneyo ezenzelwe iiPC factor ezincinci apho indawo ikwiprimiyamu. La makhadi awodwa asenokubonisa ulungelelwaniso olufana nokucuthwa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukomelezwa kokhetho loqhagamshelo kwimiboniso emininzi, okanye iinkqubo zokupholisa ezingenzi nto ukuze zilingane iimfuno zabasebenzisi. Njengoko iimfuno zabasebenzisi ziyahlukahlukana, la makhadi emizobo ekhethekileyo abonelela ngezisombululo ezilungelelanisiweyo ezixhasa usetyenziso oluthile ngaphaya kwemidlalo yemveli kunye nemeko yokudala umxholo.
Ukukhetha ikhadi elichanekileyo lemizobo
Ukusebenza okusekwe kwisicelo
Xa ukhetha ikhadi lemizobo, ukuvavanya iimfuno zokusebenza ngokusekelwe kwisicelo esijoliswe kuyo kubalulekile. Kubadlali begeyimu, ikhadi lemizobo kufuneka liphathe ukusetyenzwa okunzulu kwemizobo, okubandakanya inkxaso yokulandelela imitha yexesha lokwenyani kunye nezixhasi eziqhutywa yi-AI njenge-DLSS (i-Deep Learning Super Sampling). Ezi teknoloji zandisa kakhulu umgangatho wokubonwayo kunye nokuphendula kwemidlalo, ivumela amava omdlalo okwenene kunye nokuntywila. Ngokutsho kweTechRadar, amakhadi egraphics axhotyiswe ngobu buchule akaboneleli kuphela umgangatho womfanekiso ophakamileyo kodwa nokugcina amaxabiso aphezulu efreyimu, ayimfuneko kumava okudlala agudileyo. Oku kwenza ukuba iimpawu ezinje zibe yimfuneko kuseto lwemidlalo yanamhlanje, ngakumbi kwabo badlala imidlalo efunwa yigraphical.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwenkqubo
Ukuhambelana neenkqubo ezikhoyo lilitye lembombo ekukhetheni ikhadi elichanekileyo lemizobo. Kubalulekile ukuba ikhadi lemizobo lihambelane ne-motherboard's interface-ngokuqhelekileyo i-PCIe-kwaye ingena ngaphakathi kobukhulu becala lekhompyuter yomsebenzisi. Ngaphezu koko, umbane kufuneka ube nomthamo owaneleyo wokuxhasa iimfuno zamandla ekhadi; Ukungahambelani apha kunokukhokelela ekungazinzini kwenkqubo okanye ukusilela kwehardware. Abasebenzisi kufuneka bavavanye ukusetwa kwenkqubo yabo yangoku ukuqinisekisa ukuba inokuxhasa i-hardware entsha ngaphandle kokufuna ukuguqulwa okubalulekileyo okanye ukuphuculwa, ukuqinisekisa ukudityaniswa komthungo kwe-GPU entsha kwinkqubo yabo ekhoyo.
Ukuxhasa inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji
Ifuthe lenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji enjengomkhondo wemitha kunye nophuculo oluqhutywa yi-AI kumakhadi emizobo ayinakubaxa. Itekhnoloji yokulandelela iRay iphucula ukukhanya kwexesha lokwenyani kunye nezithunzi, zenza iindawo ezisingqongileyo zifane nobomi, into esele ixhaphake kakhulu kumakhadi emizobo yemidlalo ephezulu. Izincedisi ze-AI ezifana ne-DLSS ziphucula kungekuphela nje iireyithi zesakhelo kodwa kunye nesisombululo somfanekiso ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni ukusebenza. Ezi mpawu ziphambili, xa sele zikhethekile kwiimodeli ezibiza kakhulu, ngoku zifikeleleka ngakumbi kwaye ziseta imigangatho emitsha yento elindelwe ngabasebenzisi kwihardware yabo, ngokutsho kweDijithali iiTrendi. Inkqubela phambili enjalo ibalulekile kubasebenzisi abafuna iinkqubo zabo zokuphatha isoftware yamva nje kunye nemidlalo, eqhubeka ikhula ngobunzima.
Ukuphonononga iinkcukacha ngexabiso
Ukuvavanya ikhadi lemizobo ngokusekelwe kwiinkcukacha zalo kunokuba ixabiso layo liqinisekisa ukuba lihambelana neemfuno zexesha elide lomsebenzisi. Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ziquka inani lee-GPU cores, uhlobo kunye nesixa senkumbulo (umz., GDDR6 vs. GDDR6X), kunye nenkxaso yophuculo lwamva nje lwetekhnoloji. Umhleli wevidiyo oqeqeshiweyo, umzekelo, unokubeka phambili ikhadi lemizobo elinesixa esikhulu seVRAM kunye nenkxaso yememori ye-ECC yokusingatha imisebenzi entsonkothileyo yokusetyenzwa kwevidiyo ngokufanelekileyo. Le ndlela inceda abasebenzisi ukuba baphephe ukuhlawula izinto ezingafunekiyo ngelixa beqinisekisa ukuba i-GPU inokusingatha imisebenzi yabo ethile, enzima kakhulu.
Ukucwangcisa iimfuno zexesha elizayo
Ukukhetha ikhadi elichanekileyo lemizobo kubandakanya ulungelelwaniso phakathi kweemfuno zangoku zobuchwepheshe kunye nolindelo lweentsingiselo zexesha elizayo. Njengoko ubume betekhnoloji yegraphics buqhubeka nokuvela, ukutyala imali kwikhadi lemizobo elamkela uphuculo lwamva nje kunokubonelela ngexabiso elingcono lexesha elide ngokwandisa ubomi obuluncedo behardware. Le ndlela yobuchule ayinelisi kuphela iimfuno zokusebenza kwangoko kodwa ilungiselela inkqubo yesoftware kunye nemidlalo yexesha elizayo, ekunokwenzeka ukuba ineemfuno ezingqongqo zehardware. Ngokucwangcisa iimfuno zexesha elizayo, abasebenzisi banokwandisa utyalo-mali lwabo kwikhadi elitsha lemizobo, baqinisekise ukuba lihlala likwazi kwaye lifanelekile ebusweni bobuchwephesha obuhamba phambili ngokukhawuleza.
isiphelo
Imakethi yekhadi lemizobo ibonisa uluhlu olwahlukeneyo lweemveliso ezilungiselelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zorhwebo, ukusuka kwiinketho zokusebenza eziphezulu ezifanelekileyo kumdlalo kunye nokudalwa kwemithombo yeendaba ukuya kwiimodeli ezonga amandla ngakumbi kwikhompyuter eqhelekileyo yeshishini. Iimpawu ezahlukileyo ezinje nge-GPU cores ephucukileyo, iintlobo zememori ezisikwayo, kunye nezisombululo ezomeleleyo zokupholisa ziyilwe ngokwesicwangciso sokuphucula ukusebenza kwekhadi ngalinye kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo yobuchwephesha. Ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji enjengokomeleziweyo wokulandela umkhondo kunye neempawu eziqhutywa yi-AI ezibumba imbonakalo yomhlaba, la makhadi emizobo amiselwe ukonyusa kakhulu imveliso kunye nobuchule bokusebenza kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo. Kumashishini ajonge ukutyala imali kwihardware entsha, ukukhetha ikhadi lemizobo elihambelana neemfuno zangoku kunye nezilindelweyo kubalulekile. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba utyalo-mali alufezekisi iimfuno zokusebenza zangoku nje kuphela kodwa lubeka ishishini ngendlela enenzuzo kwiinguqu zeteknoloji yexesha elizayo, ukwandisa imbuyekezo yexesha elide kunye nokugcina ukhuphiswano.
