Kwixesha apho uzinzo ingelokhetho nje kodwa luyimfuneko, iijenereyitha zombane welanga ziye zavela njengebhakana yethemba. Ezi zixhobo zintsha zisebenzisa amandla elanga, ziwaguqulela ekubeni abe ngumbane onokusetyenziswa naphi na. Ukusuka kumakhaya ombane ngexesha lokucima ukubonelela amandla kwiindawo ezikude, iijeneretha zelanga zinika i-plethora yeenzuzo. Eli nqaku lijonge kwimiba ebalulekileyo yeejenereyitha ezisebenza ngelanga ezikhathalelwa kakhulu ngabasebenzisi, libonelela ngokuqonda kwindlela abasebenza ngayo, iingenelo zabo, iingcebiso zolondolozo, ukuqwalaselwa kweendleko, kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo.
Isiqulatho:
– Zisebenza njani iijenereyitha ezisebenza ngelanga
-Iinzuzo eziphambili zokusebenzisa ijenereyitha yelanga
-Iingcebiso zogcino lwejenereyitha yakho yelanga
– Iindleko zokuqwalaselwa kweejenereyitha zelanga
– Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yeejeneretha zelanga
Zisebenza njani iijenereyitha ezisebenza ngelanga
Iijenereyitha ezisebenza ngelanga zisebenza ngokuguqula ukukhanya kube ngamandla ombane. Le nkqubo iqala ngeepaneli ze-photovoltaic (PV), ezithatha ukukhanya kwelanga kwaye ziguqule zibe ngumbane othe ngqo (DC). I-inverter ke iguqula lo mbane we-DC ube ngumsinga otshintshanayo (AC), onokunika amandla izixhobo zendlu kwaye utshaje ibhetri yejenereyitha. Ibhetri igcina umbane ukuze usetyenziswe xa ukukhanya kwelanga kungekho, ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho umbane oqhubekayo. Oku kudityaniswa komthungo kwamacandelo kwenza iijenereyitha zelanga zibe ngumthombo wamandla othembekileyo.
Ukuqonda itekhnoloji emva kweejenereyitha zelanga kubalulekile ukuxabisa ixabiso labo. Ngokungafaniyo neejenereyitha eziqhelekileyo ezisebenza kumafutha efosili, iijenereyitha zelanga zisebenza ngokuzolileyo kwaye zingakhuphi izinto ezingcolisa umzimba eziyingozi. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwejenereyitha yelanga kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka umgangatho weepaneli zePV, umthamo webhetri, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-inverter. Ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kuye kwaphucula kakhulu la macandelo, okwenza iijeneretha zelanga zisebenze ngakumbi kwaye zisebenziseke kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.
Ukulula kweejeneretha zelanga yenye yezona zinto zikhangayo. Azifuni mafutha, zikhupha izinto ezikhutshwayo, kwaye zineendawo ezimbalwa ezihambayo, nto leyo enciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka. Oku kulula kunabela kusetyenziso lwabo, njengoko ukusebenza kwejenereyitha yelanga kudla ngokubandakanya okungaphezulu kokubeka iiphaneli zePV kunye nokuvula isixhobo. Kwabo bafuna isisombululo sombane esisebenzisekayo kunye nesizinzileyo, iijeneretha zelanga zifanelekile ukuba ziqwalaselwe.
Iinzuzo eziphambili zokusebenzisa ijenereyitha yelanga
Iijenereyitha zeSolar zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi ezenza zibe lukhetho olunomtsalane kubasebenzisi abaninzi. Okokuqala, babonelela ngomthombo wamandla ococekileyo nohlaziyekayo. Ngokusebenzisa amandla elanga, iijenereyitha zelanga zinciphisa ukuthembela kumafutha efosili, nto leyo enegalelo ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kweegesi ze<em>greenhouse. Oku akuncedi nje kuphela imo engqongileyo kodwa kukwangqamana neenzame zehlabathi zokulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Enye inzuzo ebalulekileyo kukuphatheka kwazo. Iijenereyitha ezininzi zelanga zenzelwe ukukhululeka kwezothutho, zizenza zilungele inkampu, iminyhadala yangaphandle, kunye neemeko zongxamiseko. Oku kuphatheka kukwanwenwela ekubeni bhetyebhetye kufakelo, njengoko zinokusetwa naphi na apho ufumana ukukhanya kwelanga. Nokuba kusemva kwendlu, eluphahleni, okanye kwindawo ekude, iijenereyitha zelanga zihambisa umbane apho ufuneka kakhulu.
Ukongiwa kweendleko kukwayinzuzo ephambili yeejenereyitha zelanga. Nangona utyalo-mali lokuqala lunokuba luphezulu kuneejenereyitha zendabuko, ukungabikho kweendleko zepetroli kunye neemfuno zokugcinwa okuncinci kwenza iijenereyitha zelanga zibe noqoqosho ngakumbi kwixesha elide. Ukongeza, imimandla emininzi inika inkuthazo kunye nezaphulelo kwiinkqubo zamandla elanga, ngakumbi ukunciphisa iindleko zizonke.
Iingcebiso zogcino lwejenereyitha yakho yelanga
Ukugcina ijenereyitha yelanga kuthe tye ngokuthe ngqo, kuqinisekisa ukuba ixesha elide kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ukucocwa rhoqo kweepaneli zePV kubalulekile, njengoko ukungcola kunye ne-debris kunokuthintela ukukhanya kwelanga kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Ilaphu elithambileyo kunye namanzi anesepha ahlala anele ukucocwa, kodwa kubalulekile ukulandela iingcebiso zomenzi.
Ukhathalelo lwebhetri ngomnye umba obalulekileyo wogcino. Ukugcina ibhetri itshajiwe kunye nokuphepha ukukhupha okunzulu kunganceda ukwandisa ubomi bayo. Kukwacetyiswa ukuba ugcine ijenereyitha kwindawo epholileyo neyomileyo xa ingasetyenziswa, njengoko ubushushu obugqithisileyo bunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwebhetri.
Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwe-inverter kunye noqhagamshelo lunokunceda ukuthintela imiba yamandla. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba onke amacandelo axhunyiwe ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye akhululekile kwi-corrosion anokugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kwejeneretha yelanga. Ukuba kuvela nayiphi na imiba, ukubonisana nochwepheshe okanye ukubhekisela kwizikhokelo zomenzi kunokunceda ukuyisombulula ngokukhawuleza.
Iindleko zokuqwalaselwa kweejeneretha zelanga
Iindleko zejenereyitha yelanga ziphenjelelwa zizinto eziliqela, kuquka amandla ayo, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nomgangatho wamacandelo ayo. Iijenereyitha ezinomthamo ophezulu kunye neepaneli zePV ezisebenzayo kunye neebhetri zithande ukubiza kakhulu kodwa zinika amandla amakhulu kunye nobomi bebhetri obude. Xa ucinga ngejenereyitha yelanga, kubalulekile ukuvavanya iimfuno zakho zamandla kwaye ukhethe imodeli ehlangabezana nezo mfuno ngaphandle kokugqithisa kakhulu.
Inkuthazo kunye nezaphulelo zinganciphisa iindleko zokuqala zejeneretha yelanga. Oorhulumente abaninzi kunye nemibutho banikezela ngenkuthazo yemali yokwamkela ubugcisa bamandla ahlaziyekayo, kubandakanya iijenereyitha zelanga. Ukuphanda inkuthazo ekhoyo kwingingqi yakho kunokubonelela ngolondolozo olukhulu kwaye yenze iijenereyitha zesola zibe yinto efikelelekayo ngakumbi.
Nangona iindleko zangaphambili zejenereyitha yelanga zinokuba phezulu kuneejenereyitha eziqhelekileyo, ukugcinwa kwexesha elide kwi-fuel kunye nokugcinwa kunokukwenza ukuba kube yinto ebiza kakhulu. Ukuphonononga iindleko ezipheleleyo zobunini, kuquka utyalo-mali lokuqala, iindleko zokusebenza, nokonga okunokubakho, kunokunika umfanekiso ocacileyo wexabiso lejenereyitha yelanga.
Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yeejeneretha zelanga
Iijenereyitha zelanga zinempembelelo entle kokusingqongileyo, zibonelela ngenye indlela ezinzileyo kwiijenereyitha ezisebenza ngefosili. Ngokuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ngumbane, azikhuphisi izinto ezikhutshwayo, zinciphisa ukungcoliseka komoya kwaye zifak’ isandla kumoya ococekileyo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo zasezidolophini, apho umgangatho womoya uxhalabisa.
Ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo njengamandla elanga nako kunciphisa imfuno yamafutha efosili, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza kunye nokucothisa isantya sokutshintsha kwemozulu. Iijenereyitha zelanga zifaka isandla kwinkqubo yamandla ezinzileyo, exhomekeke kancinci kwizixhobo ezinomda kwaye ngakumbi kumandla amaninzi, acocekileyo.
Ngaphaya koko, ingxolo ephantsi yokusebenza kweejenereyitha zelanga izenza zikhuseleke ngakumbi kokusingqongileyo, kunciphisa ungcoliseko lwengxolo. Oku akuncedi kuphela kubasebenzisi babantu kodwa nakwizilwanyana zasendle, njengoko ingxolo egqithisileyo inokuphazamisa iindawo zokuhlala zendalo. Iijenereyitha zelanga zinika isisombululo samandla esizolileyo, esisebenzayo, nesicocekileyo esihlonipha indalo kunye nabemi bayo.
Isiphelo:
Iijeneretha ezisebenza ngelanga zibonisa inyathelo elibalulekileyo eliya phambili kwizisombululo zamandla azinzileyo. Ngokuqonda indlela abasebenza ngayo, izibonelelo zabo, iimfuno zokulondolozwa, ukuqwalaselwa kweendleko, kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo, abasebenzisi banokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nokubandakanya ezi zixhobo kubomi babo. Njengoko iteknoloji ihambela phambili kwaye ihlabathi liya lifuna imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, iijenereyitha zelanga zigqama njengokhetho olusebenzayo, olunobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, kunye noluneendleko ezifanelekileyo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwekhaya, ukuhamba kwangaphandle, okanye ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza, iijeneretha zelanga zinika isisombululo samandla esithembekileyo esihambelana nemilinganiselo yekamva eliluhlaza.
