Ngenkqubela phambili ekhawulezileyo yetekhnoloji yebhetri kunye nemfuno eyandayo yezithuthi zombane, ukukhetha ipakethe yebhetri eyiyo ngeenjongo zoshishino kubaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili. Iindlela zamva nje zibonisa ukunyuka kwemarike, okuqhutywa ziinguqulelo ezintsha ezifana ne-slid-state kunye neebhetri ezisekwe kwigraphene. Eli nqaku ligocagoca kwizinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe, libonelela abathengi abaqeqeshiweyo ngemibono exabisekileyo yokwenza izigqibo ezizizo.
Isiqulatho:
-Ujongo lweMarike: Umzi-mveliso wePakethi yebhetri
– Uhlalutyo olunzulu lweMarike yokupakisha ibhetri
-Izinto eziphambili xa ukhetha iPakethi yebhetri
-IiTekhnoloji ezisakhulayo kwiiPakethi zeBattery
– Ukuthotyelwa koLawulo kunye neMpembelelo yokusiNgqongileyo
- Isiphelo
Isishwankathelo seMarike: Umzi-mveliso weBattery Pack
Imakethi yeebhetri zehlabathi ibone ukukhula okubonakalayo, okuqhutywa kukwanda kokwamkelwa kwezithuthi zombane (EVs) kunye nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yebhetri. Kutshanje, imakethi ixabisa i- $ 66.98 yezigidigidi kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba iya kufikelela kwi-199.90 yezigidigidi ngo-2030, ngesantya sokukhula sonyaka (CAGR) se-16.90%. Oku kukhula kungenxa yokunyuka kwemfuno yezithuthi ezingakhuphi qanda kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo koxinano lwamandla ebhetri kunye nesantya sokutshaja.
I-Asia-Pacific ibambe esona sabelo sikhulu semarike, ngenxa yemigaqo-nkqubo yemveliso yaseTshayina, utyalo-mali olukhulu kubuchwepheshe bebhetri, kunye nesiseko esikhulu sabathengi. Abavelisi abakhulu beebhetri kunye nezixhobo zemveliso zasekhaya nazo zixhasa ukongamela kommandla. Amazwe aseMelika kunye neYurophu afumana ukukhula okubonakalayo, okuqhutywa yinkuthazo karhulumente kunye nokwandiswa kwe-electromobility. Umzekelo, iSebe lezaMandla lase-US labele i-USD 2.8 yeebhiliyoni zokwandisa ukwenziwa kweebhetri zasekhaya, liqaqambisa ukuzibophelela kommandla kumandla acocekileyo.
Ukongeza, imakethi yeepakethe zebhetri ye-e-bike kulindeleke ukuba ikhule ukusuka kwi-10.76 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2024 ukuya kwi-24.19 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2030, kwi-CAGR ye-14.3%. Oku kukhula kuphenjelelwa kukunyuka kwemfuno yezothutho ezilungele indalo, inkqubela phambili kwitekhnoloji yebhetri, kunye nenkuthazo karhulumente yezithuthi zombane.
Uhlalutyo olunzulu lweMarike yokupakisha ibhetri
Imakethi yokupakisha ibhetri ichazwa ziibhentshi eziphambili zokusebenza, amandla ezabelo zentengiso, kunye nezinto ezintsha ezitsha. Enye injongo ephambili yetekhnoloji yebhetri yokupakisha kukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokunyusa ubuninzi bevolumetric. Ngokudibanisa iiseli zebhetri ngokuthe ngqo kwipakethi ngaphandle kweemodyuli ze-intermediary, le teknoloji iphakamisa ubuninzi bamandla kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Imakethi kulindeleke ukuba ikhule ukusuka kwi-6.27 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kutsha nje ukuya kwi-30.72 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2030, nge-CAGR ye-25.47%.
Imiba yezoqoqosho efana nokuguquguquka kwexabiso lempahla ekrwada kunye nesidingo sokuqhubela phambili kobugcisa obuqhubekayo kubangela imingeni. Nangona kunjalo, ukunyuka kwezixhobo zokulungisa izinto zebhetri kunye nezinto ezintsha eziqhubekayo kulindeleke ukuba zidale amathuba anengeniso. Umzekelo, iibhetri ze-solid-state kunye ne-sodium-ion zifumana amandla ngenxa yoxinano lwazo oluphezulu lwamandla, amandla okutshaja ngokukhawuleza, kunye neempawu zokhuseleko eziphuculweyo.
Ukuziphatha kwabathengi kutshintshela kwiinketho zothutho oluzinzileyo, ngokukhetha okukhulayo kwezithuthi zombane kunye neebhayisekile. Iipateni zemfuno zamaxesha nazo zinefuthe kwimarike, kunye neentengiso eziphezulu ngexesha lemozulu entle kwimisebenzi yangaphandle. Imijelo yokusasaza iyaphuhla, igxininise ekuthengiseni ngokuthe ngqo kubathengi kunye nobuhlakani obucwangcisiweyo nabaphuhlisi betekhnoloji.
Imithetho yokusingqongileyo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni imarike, oorhulumente baphumeza imigaqo-nkqubo yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kunye nokukhuthaza amandla acocekileyo. Umzekelo, imigangatho yokukhutshwa kweCO2 engqongqo yeManyano yaseYurophu iqhuba ukwamkelwa kwezithuthi zombane kunye neepakethi zebhetri. Ukongezelela, iinkxalabo malunga nokulahlwa kwebhetri kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto ezintsha kwiindlela zokuhlaziya kunye nokuphuhliswa kwezicelo zobomi besibini kwiibhetri ze-EV.
Ukuma kwebrendi kunye nokwahlula kubalulekile kubadlali bentengiso ukuze bafumane ukhuphiswano. Abathengisi abaphambili abanje ngeCATL, i-LG Energy Solution, kunye nePanasonic batyala imali kuphando kunye nophuhliso lokuphucula ukunikezelwa kweemveliso kunye nokugcina ubunkokeli bentengiso. I-FPNV Positioning Matrix sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuvavanya abathengisi ngokusekelwe kwisicwangciso soshishino kunye nokwaneliseka kwemveliso, ukunceda iinkampani ukuba zenze izigqibo ezinolwazi kwaye zenze izicwangciso ezisebenzayo.
Imiba ephambili xa ukhetha iPakhi yebhetri
Amandla kunye noXinano lwaMandla
Xa ukhetha ipakethi yebhetri, qwalasela umthamo wayo, olinganiselwa kwiiyure ze-milliampere (mAh) okanye iiyure ze-watt (Wh). Umthamo ubonisa ukuba angakanani amandla ebhetri enokuwagcina kunye nokuwahambisa. Ibhetri enomthamo ophezulu ibonelela ngamaxesha okusebenzisa ixesha elide phakathi kweentlawulo, nto leyo iyimfuneko kwizixhobo ezinjengeelaptops, ii-smartphones, kunye nezithuthi zombane. Uxinzelelo lwamandla, oluchazwa njenge-Wh/kg, lubonisa ukuba angakanani amandla ebhetri ewagcinayo xa kuthelekiswa nobunzima bayo. Iibhetri zoxinaniso oluphezulu lwamandla zifanelekile kwizinto zombane eziphathwayo apho ubunzima bubalulekile.
Ukuqonda ukuxinana kwamandla kukwanceda ukuhlola ukusebenza kwebhetri. Ngokomzekelo, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ngokubanzi zinika amandla aphezulu aphezulu kuneebhetri ze-nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), ezenza zidume kwizicelo eziphezulu zokusebenza. Qinisekisa umthamo webhetri kunye nokuxinana kwamandla kuyahlangabezana neemfuno zesixhobo sakho.
Ubomi bomjikelo kunye nokuqina
Ubomi bomjikelo bubhekisa kwinani lentlawulo epheleleyo kunye nemijikelo yokukhupha ibhetri enokuthi ingene kuyo phambi kokuba umthamo wayo wehle kakhulu. Oku kubalulekile kwizicelo ezifuna ukuthembeka kwexesha elide. Umzekelo, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion kwi-electronics zabathengi zibonelela ngobomi bomjikelo wama-300 ukuya kuma-500 imijikelo, kunye neebhetri zanamhlanje ezibonelela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1000 okanye imijikelo engaphezulu.
Ukomelela kukwabalulekile, ngakumbi kwizixhobo ezivezwe kwimekobume erhabaxa okanye uxinzelelo lwarhoqo lomzimba. Iibhetri ezineebhokisi ezomeleleyo kunye neendlela zokukhusela zangaphakathi zikhethwa kakhulu. Umzekelo, iipakethi zebhetri ezigudisiweyo ezisetyenziswa kwisetingi zemizi-mveliso zihlala zinokuqina okongeziweyo ukumelana nobushushu obugqithisileyo, iintshukumo, kunye neempembelelo. Ukukhetha ipakethe yebhetri enobomi bomjikelezo ophezulu kunye nokuqina kuqinisekisa ixesha elide kunye nokuthembeka.
Isantya sokuTshaja kunye nokuSebenza
Isantya sokutshaja sibalulekile, ngakumbi kubasebenzisi abafuna amaxesha okutshintsha ngokukhawuleza. Itekhnoloji yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, njenge-Qualcomm yokuTshaja ngokukhawuleza okanye i-USB Power Delivery (PD), inokunciphisa kakhulu amaxesha okutshaja. Umzekelo, ipakethe yebhetri exhaswa yi-USB PD inokuhlawula isixhobo esihambelanayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50% kwimizuzu engama-30 nje. Ukutshaja ngokufanelekileyo kuchaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokubanzi kunye nokulawulwa kwe-thermal.
Umyinge wokwamkelwa kwentlawulo yepakethi yebhetri ubonisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwayo ngexesha lokutshaja. Izinga eliphezulu lithetha ukuba ibhetri inokwamkela amandla amaninzi ngexesha elincinci, ukunciphisa ubude bokutshaja. Ukutshaja okusebenzayo nako kunciphisa ukuveliswa kobushushu, kwandisa ubomi bebhetri. Ke ngoko, qwalasela zombini iiprothokholi zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja xa ukhetha ipakethi yebhetri.
Imigangatho yoKhuseleko kunye neziQinisekiso
Ukhuseleko aluxoxisi ekukhetheni ipakethe yebhetri. Ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye neziqinisekiso kuqinisekisa ukuba ibhetri iyahlangabezana nokhuseleko olungqongqo kunye neendlela zokusebenza. Izatifikethi eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-UL (i-Underwriters Laboratories), i-CE (Conformité Européenne), kunye ne-RoHS (Ukuthintelwa kwezinto ezinobungozi). Ezi ziqinisekiso ziqinisekisa uvavanyo olungqongqo lokhuseleko, ukuthembeka, kunye nokuthotyelwa kokusingqongileyo.
Umzekelo, iipakethi zebhetri eziqinisekisiweyo ze-UL zivavanyelwa iingozi ezinjengokutshaja kakhulu, ukujikeleza okufutshane, kunye nokubaleka kwe-thermal. Ukuthotyelwa kwe-RoHS kuqinisekisa ukuba ipakethe yebhetri ayinazo izinto eziyingozi njengelothe kunye nemekyuri, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ihambelane nokusingqongileyo. Qinisekisa ukuba ibhetri ineziqinisekiso eziyimfuneko zokhuseleko lokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho.
Ukuhambelana kunye nokudibanisa
Ukuhambelana nesixhobo esijoliswe kuyo kunye nokulula kokudibanisa kubalulekile. Ipakethi yebhetri kufuneka ihambelane nombane wesixhobo, umsinga, kunye neenkcukacha zesiqhagamshelanisi. Ukusebenzisa ipakethi yebhetri enemilinganiselo yombane engachanekanga kunokonakalisa isixhobo okanye kunciphise ukusebenza kwaso. Ubukhulu bomzimba kunye nefom factor kufuneka ilingane ngaphandle komthungo kuyilo lwesixhobo.
Udibaniso lubandakanya ukuhambelana komzimba, umbane, kunye nonxibelelwano. Iipakethi zebhetri zala maxesha zihlala zineenkqubo zolawulo lwebhetri ezikrelekrele (BMS) ezinxibelelana nesixhobo ukwandisa ukusebenza nokhuseleko. Qinisekisa ukuba ipakethe yebhetri yeBMS iyahambelana nenkqubo yolawulo lwamandla esixhobo ukuze isebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Iitshekhi zokuhambelana ngokucokisekileyo kunye novavanyo lokudibanisa luyimfuneko xa ukhetha ipakethi yebhetri.
Ubuchwephesha obusakhulayo kwiiPakethi zeBattery
Iibhetri zeState-Solid
Iibhetri ezikwimeko eqinileyo zimele ukuqhubela phambili okubonakalayo, ukunika amandla aphezulu oxinaniso, ukhuseleko oluphuculweyo, kunye nobomi bomjikelo omde xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri zelithium-ion zemveli. Ezi bhetri zisebenzisa i-electrolyte eqinile, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuvuza kunye nokubaleka kwe-thermal. Umzekelo, ibhetri yemeko eqinileyo inokufikelela kuxinzelelo lwamandla ukuya kuthi ga kwi-500 Wh/kg, xa kuthelekiswa ne-250 Wh/kg yeebhetri zelithium-ion zesiqhelo.
Iprofayili yokhuseleko ephuculweyo yenza ukuba iibhetri eziqinileyo zilungele ukusetyenziswa apho ukhuseleko lubaluleke kakhulu, njengezithuthi zombane kunye ne-aerospace. Ubomi babo bomjikelo omde bunokunciphisa ixabiso lilonke lobunini ngokwandiswa kwamathuba okutshintsha ibhetri. Njengoko uphando kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ye-Slid-state iqhubela phambili, ezi bhetri kulindeleke ukuba zixhaphake ngakumbi kubathengi be-elektroniki kunye nezinye izicelo eziphezulu.
Iibhetri eziSekwe kwiGraphene
IGraphene, umaleko omnye weeathom zekhabhoni ezicwangciswe kwilathisi enehexagonal, iye yavela njengesixhobo esithembisayo sokuphucula ukusebenza kwebhetri. Iibhetri ezisekwe kwigraphene zibonelela nge-conductivity ephezulu, amaxesha okutshaja ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokuqina okukhulu. Umzekelo, ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ephuculweyo yegraphene inokutshaja ukuya kuthi ga kahlanu ngokukhawuleza kunebhetri yesiqhelo, inciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokuphumla.
Amandla omatshini aphezulu eGraphene kunye nokuguquguquka kuyenza ilunge ngakumbi ekuphuhliseni izinto zombane eziguquguqukayo nezinokunxitywa. Ukufaka igraphene kwiielectrode zebhetri kunokuphucula ulawulo lobushushu, kuncitshiswe imingcipheko yokutshisa kakhulu kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokuphila kwebhetri. Njengoko imveliso kunye nokudityaniswa kwegraphene kuya kuxabisa ngakumbi, iibhetri ezisekwe kwigraphene kulindeleke ukuba ziguqule ushishino lweebhetri.
I-Nanotechnology kwiibhetri
I-Nanotechnology ibandakanya izinto ezikhohlisayo kumanqanaba e-atomic kunye neemolekyuli ukukhulisa iipropathi zazo. Kwiibhetri, i-nanotechnology inokuphucula amandla okugcina amandla, amaxabiso okukhutshwa kwentlawulo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Umzekelo, ukusebenzisa izinto ezinanostructured kwi-electrode yebhetri kunokonyusa indawo engaphezulu, kuvumeleke iindawo ezisebenzayo zokusabela kwe-electrochemical kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla aphezulu.
I-Nanocoatings inokukhusela amacandelo ebhetri ekuthotyweni, ukuphucula ukuqina kunye nobomi bomjikelezo. I-Nanotechnology inokwenza iikhemistri zebhetri ezintsha, ezifana ne-lithium-sulphur kunye neebhetri zomoya ze-lithium, ezibonelela ngamandla aphezulu oxinaniso kuneebhetri ze-lithium-ion zendabuko. Inkqubela phambili kwi-nanotechnology ibambe amandla amakhulu okudala izisombululo ezisebenzayo nezihlala ixesha elide zokugcina amandla.
Ukuthotyelwa koLawulo kunye neMpembelelo yokusiNgqongileyo
Ukuthotyelwa kweMimiselo yokuSingqongileyo
Iipakethi zeebhetri kufuneka zihambelane nemigaqo yokusingqongileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba azibeki mngcipheko kokusingqongileyo. Imigaqo efana nokuThintelwa kwezinto ezinobungozi (i-RoHS) kunye nomyalelo weNkunkuma yoMbane kunye neSixhobo soMbane (WEEE) kwiManyano yaseYurophu igunyazisa ukulahlwa okufanelekileyo kunye nokuhlaziywa kweebhetri. Ukuthobela iqinisekisa ukuba ipakethi yebhetri ayinazinto ezinobungozi kwaye inokuphinda isetyenziswe ngokukhuselekileyo ekupheleni kobomi bayo.
Umzekelo, ukuthotyelwa kwe-RoHS kubonisa ukuba ipakethe yebhetri ikhululekile kwizinto ezinobungozi ezithintelweyo, iyenza ikhuseleke kubasebenzisi kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ukuthobela imiyalelo ye-WEEE kuqinisekisa ukuba abavelisi bathatha uxanduva lokulahlwa kwebhetri kunye nokuhlaziywa kwakhona, ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ibhetri ipakethe iyahambelana nemigaqo ephathelele kokusingqongileyo kubalulekile kusetyenziso oluzinzileyo nolunoxanduva.
Ukurisayikilisha nokuChitha
Ukurisayikilishwa okufanelekileyo kunye nokulahlwa kweepakethi zebhetri kunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokubuyisela imathiriyeli yexabiso. Iipakethi ezininzi zebhetri ziqulethe izinto ezifana ne-lithium, i-cobalt, kunye ne-nickel, ezinokufunyanwa kwaye zisetyenziswe kwakhona kwiibhetri ezintsha. Ukurisayikilisha kugcina ubutyebi bendalo kwaye kunciphisa iingozi zokusingqongileyo, ezifana nokungcoliseka komhlaba namanzi.
Abavelisi bahlala bebonelela ngezikhokelo zokulahla ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe iipakethi zebhetri, kwaye amazwe amaninzi aseke iinkqubo zokurisayikilisha. Umzekelo, eUnited States, inkqubo yeCall2Recycle ibonelela ngeendawo ezifanelekileyo zokulahla iibhetri zokuphinda zisetyenziswe. Ukuqinisekisa ukulahlwa okufanelekileyo kunye nokuhlaziywa kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kubalulekile kulawulo lokusingqongileyo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho.
Impembelelo kwiCarbon Footprint
Ukuveliswa, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokulahlwa kweepakethi zebhetri kunegalelo kunyawo lwekhabhoni lulonke lwezixhobo zombane. Ukukhetha iipakethi zebhetri ezinempembelelo ephantsi yokusingqongileyo kunganceda ukunciphisa lo mzila. Umzekelo, iipakethi zebhetri ezenziwe kusetyenziswa imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo okanye izinto ezizinzileyo zinekhabhoni esezantsi kunezo ziveliswa kusetyenziswa iindlela eziqhelekileyo.
Iipakethi zebhetri ezinobomi obude kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kwamandla kunciphisa isidingo sokutshintshwa rhoqo, ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo. Ukuphonononga unyawo lwekhabhoni yeepakethi zebhetri kubandakanya ukuthathela ingqalelo umjikelo wobomi uphela, ukusuka ekutsalweni kwemathiriyeli ekrwada ukuya kwimveliso, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokulahlwa. Ukukhetha iipakethi zebhetri kunye neenyawo zekhabhoni ezisezantsi kuncedisa ukuzinza kwendalo kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo epheleleyo.
isiphelo
Ngamafutshane, ukukhetha ipakethe yebhetri eyiyo kubandakanya ukuthathela ingqalelo umthamo, ubomi bebhayisikile, isantya sokutshaja, imigangatho yokhuseleko, kunye nokuhambelana. Ubuchwephesha obuvelayo obufana neebhetri zombuso oqinileyo, iibhetri ezisekwe kwigraphene, kunye nenanotechnology zisetelwe ukuguqula ishishini, ukunika ukusebenza okuphuculweyo kunye nokhuseleko. Uthotyelo lolawulo kunye neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo nazo ziyingqwalasela ebalulekileyo kusetyenziso oluzinzileyo nolunoxanduva. Ngokuphonononga ngokucokisekileyo ezi zinto, abathengi banokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi kwaye bakhethe iipakethi zebhetri ezihlangabezana neemfuno zabo kwaye zibe negalelo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kunye nokuzinza.
