Isiqulatho
● Kutheni izitshizi ngeedrone?
● Isishwankathelo semarike
● Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezitshizi zedrone
● Ungasikhetha njani isitshizi esifanelekileyo?
● Umqukumbelo
Kutheni izitshizi zedrone?
Ukudityaniswa kweedrones kwezolimo kuguqula iindlela zokulima, ukukhulisa ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokwandisa izivuno zezityalo ngobuchwepheshe obuphambili. Izitshizi zeDrone, ngokuchaneka kwazo kunye nokuguquguquka kwazo, ziguqula indlela amafama alawula ngayo izityalo ngokuvumela ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwezitshabalalisi kunye nokubekwa kweliso kwezityalo okuneenkcukacha. Imarike yedrones yezolimo ifumana ukukhula okukhawulezayo, okuqhutywa kukuhambela phambili kwetekhnoloji yedrone kunye nokwanda kwemfuno yokulima okuchanekileyo. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeedrones, ezibandakanya iphiko elisisigxina, i-multi-rotor, kunye neemodeli ezixubileyo, zibonelela ngeempawu ezizodwa ezilungiselelwe iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zokulima. Ukukhetha i-drone efanelekileyo kubandakanya ukuqwalaselwa ngononophelo kwezinto ezifana nenkxaso, iindleko, ukugcinwa, umthamo wetanki, izinga lesicelo, kunye nobukhulu befama.
ubenemboniselo Market
Izinga lemarike kunye nokukhula
Imarike yedrones yezolimo ifumana ukukhula okubonakalayo, okuqhutywa kukuhambela phambili kwetekhnoloji yedrone kunye nokwamkelwa okwandayo kweendlela zokulima ezichanekileyo. Ngokwedatha yeshishini, ubungakanani bemarike kulindeleke ukuba bukhule ukusuka kwi- $ 4.5 yezigidigidi ngo-2023 ukuya kwi-17.9 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2028, ngesantya sokukhula sonyaka (CAGR) se-31.5%. Oku kwanda kukhawulezileyo kuphenjelelwa yimfuneko yezisombululo zokulima ezisebenzayo nezizinzileyo ukuhlangabezana nemfuno ekhulayo yehlabathi yeemveliso zolimo.
Abaqhubi abaphambili
Abaqhubi abaphambili bale ntengiso babandakanya izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe ezifana ne-GPS, izinzwa ezininzi, kunye nesoftware yohlalutyo lwedatha ephucukileyo, ephucula ukusebenza kunye nokusetyenziswa kweedrones zezolimo. Inkxaso yolawulo, ngakumbi e-United States, nayo idlale indima ebalulekileyo, kunye ne-Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ibonelela ngezikhokelo kunye nokukhululwa okuququzelela ukusetyenziswa kwezorhwebo kwii-drones ekulimeni. Ukongeza, imfuno ekhulayo yokulima ngokuchanekileyo, ejolise ekwandiseni izivuno zezityalo ngelixa kuncitshiswa ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi, iqhubela phambili ukwamkelwa kobuchwepheshe bedrone.
Iimbono zengingqi
Ngokwengingqi, imakethi ye-Asia Pacific kulindeleke ukuba ilawule icandelo lezolimo ngenxa yendawo enkulu yezolimo, ukukhula okuphezulu kwabemi, kunye nokwanda kwenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji. Amazwe afana neTshayina ahamba phambili kuphuhliso lwedrone nakwimveliso, exhaswa lutyalo-mali olukhulu lukarhulumente kwezolimo. Lo mmandla ukwamkelwa kweedrones zezolimo kuqhutywa yimfuneko yokuphucula izivuno zezityalo nangona izibonelelo ezinqongopheleyo kunye nokukhusela izityalo kwiimeko zemozulu ezingalindelekanga.
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezitshizi zedrone
Iidrones zamaphiko ezisisigxina
Iidrones zamaphiko ezisisigxina zenzelwe ukugubungela iindawo ezibanzi ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yesakhiwo sazo se-aerodynamic. Banokufikelela kumaxesha okubhabha ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezi-2 kwaye bavale umgama ongaphezu kweekhilomitha ezili-100 ngebhetri enye. Ixhotyiswe ngee-sensor eziphambili ezifana ne-LIDAR kunye neekhamera ze-multispectral, ezi drones zibonelela ngophando lwe-air-resolution ephezulu kunye nokukwazi ukwenza imephu echanekileyo. Iidrones ezinamaphiko asisigxina zidla ngokuba namaphiko ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-3 yeemitha kwaye zinokubhabha ngesantya ukuya kuthi ga kwi-90 km/h. Nangona kunjalo, zifuna iindlela zeenqwelo-moya okanye iinkqubo ze-catapult zokunduluka kunye nokumisa, ezinokuba ngumqobo kwiindawo ezithile zezolimo.
Iidrones ezininzi ze-rotor
Iidrones ze-Multi-rotor zibonelela ngokuguquguquka okuphezulu kunye nokuchaneka, okuzenza zilungele uhlolo olusondeleyo kunye nezicelo ezijoliswe kuzo. Ezi drones zihlala zine-rotors ezine ukuya kwezisibhozo, zibonelela ngozinzo kunye nokukwazi ukundanda endaweni. Amaxesha okubhabha kwi-multi-rotor drones ukusuka kwi-20 ukuya kwi-40 imizuzu, kunye noluhlu lokusebenza olufikelela kwiikhilomitha ezi-5. Baxhotyiswe ngeekhamera ezinenkcazo ephezulu, izinzwa ze-thermal, kunye neenkqubo zokujonga izinto ezininzi zokujonga impilo yezityalo kunye nokubonwa kwezinambuzane. Iidrones ezininzi ezijikelezayo zinokuthwala imithwalo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 kg, eluncedo ekuphatheni iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezivamvo okanye ubungakanani obuncinci bamagalelo ezolimo kunyango lwamabala.
Iidrones eziHybrid
I-Hybrid drones idibanisa i-vertical take-off kunye ne-landing (VTOL) izakhono ze-multi-rotor drones kunye nokunyamezela okude kunye noluhlu lwee-drones zamaphiko asisigxina. Ezi drones zinokutshintsha phakathi kokubhabha kunye nenqwelomoya esebenzayo eya phambili, evumela imisebenzi eguquguqukayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iidrones ezixubileyo zinamaxesha okubhabha aqala kwiyure enye ukuya kwezi-1 kwaye zinokugubungela umgama ofikelela kwiikhilomitha ezingama-2. Baxhotyiswe ngeenkqubo ezihamba phambili zokuhamba, kuquka i-GPS, i-RTK (i-Real-Time Kinematic) yokuchaneka kwenqanaba le-centimeter kunye ne-sensors ezahlukeneyo, ezifana neekhamera ze-hyperspectral zohlalutyo olucacileyo lokusingqongileyo. Iidrone zeHybrid zinokuthwala imithwalo ehlawulwayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50 kg, ibenze bafanelekele ukuqokelela idatha ebanzi kunye nezicelo zokutshiza ezinkulu. Ukukwazi kwabo ukusebenza kwiimeko zemozulu ezahlukeneyo kunye neendawo ezinomngeni kubenza bakwazi ukumelana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zezolimo.
Unokukhetha njani isitshizi esifanelekileyo sedrone?
Inkxaso kunye noqeqesho
Xa udibanisa iidrones zokutshiza kwimisebenzi yezolimo, kubalulekile ukufikelela kwiiseshoni zoqeqesho ezibanzi kunye nenkxaso eyomeleleyo yabathengi. Uqeqesho akufunekanga luquke imisebenzi esisiseko kuphela kodwa neempawu eziphambili ezifana nokulinganisa iGPS, uhlaziyo lwesoftware, kunye nokusombulula ingxaki. Abavelisi kufuneka banike inkxaso eqhubekayo, kubandakanywa ukufikelela kwiincwadana zobugcisa, izifundo ze-intanethi, kunye nedesika yoncedo ephendulayo ukujongana nayo nayiphi na imiba yokusebenza ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuthelekisa iindleko
Ukuvavanya ixabiso lokuqala lokuthenga ngokuchasene nexabiso lexesha elide kubalulekile. Iidrones zokutshiza eziphucukileyo zinokusuka kwi-10,000 yeedola ukuya kwi-50,000 yeedola, kuxhomekeke kubuchule bazo. Ngelixa i-drones ephezulu ifuna utyalo-mali olukhulu lwangaphambili, iimpawu ezinjengeendlela zokubhabha ezizimeleyo, izinzwa eziphambili, kunye nobuchule bokuhlalutya idatha kunokuphucula kakhulu imveliso kunye nezivuno zezityalo, ezikhokelela kugcino olukhulu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kubalulekile ukuthotywa kweendleko zabasebenzi, ukusetyenziswa kwezitshabalalisi, kunye nokuphuculwa kwempilo yezityalo xa kuthelekiswa iindleko.
Iindleko zokugcina
Iidrones zokutshiza zifuna ukugcinwa rhoqo, kubandakanywa ukuhlolwa kwesiqhelo, ukutshintshwa kweenxalenye, kunye nohlaziyo lwesoftware. Iindleko zokugcina zinokwahluka kakhulu; umzekelo, ukutshintshwa kwebhetri kungabiza phakathi kwe-$ 500 kunye ne-$ 1,000, kunye neesensonsi eziphezulu zingabiza ukuya kwi-$ 2,000. Iidrones ezinoyilo lwemodyuli ezivumela ukutshintshwa lula kwamalungu kunokunciphisa ixesha lokulondoloza. Kukwabalulekile ukuqwalasela umndilili wobomi bamacandelo aphambili afana neenjini, ezihlala iiyure zokubhabha ezingama-200-300, kunye nokufumaneka kwezi ndawo.
Umthamo wetanki yokutshiza
Umthamo wetanki yokutshiza uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle. Iidrone ezinamatanki amakhulu (i-10-20 ilitha) zinokugubungela umhlaba ongaphezulu kwinqwelomoya enye, ukunciphisa ukuphindaphinda kokuzaliswa kwakhona. Nangona kunjalo, iitanki ezinkulu zonyusa ubunzima be-drone, ezinokuchaphazela ixesha lokubhabha kunye nokuhamba. Ngokomzekelo, i-drone ene-tank ye-20-litre ingaba nexesha elincitshisiweyo lokuhamba nge-15-20 imizuzu xa kuthelekiswa ne-tank encinci ye-5-litre, enokunikezela ukuya kwi-30 imizuzu yendiza. Ukulinganisa ubungakanani betanki kunye nomthamo wokuhlawulwa kwedrone kunye nobomi bebhetri bubalulekile ekusebenzeni ngokupheleleyo.
Izinga lesicelo sokutshiza
Izinga lokugalelwa kwezitshizi, elilinganiselwa ngeelitha ngehektare nganye, ngumba obalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukusasazwa ngokufanelekileyo kwesitshabalalisi nesichumiso. Iidrones ezikwizinga eliphezulu zibonelela ngemilinganiselo yokusetyenziswa elungelelanisiweyo ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-2 ilitha ngehektare nganye, ivumela ulawulo oluchanekileyo olusekwe kuhlobo lwesityalo kunye nenqanaba lokukhula. Ezinye iidrones zibonisa itekhnoloji yomgangatho oguquguqukayo (VRT) ohlengahlengisa ireyithi yesicelo ngexesha langempela ngokusekwe kwidatha yenzwa, iqinisekisa ukugqunywa okufanayo kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma.
Ubungakanani befama
Ubungakanani befama kunye nohlobo lwezityalo ezilinywayo zinefuthe kakhulu ekukhethweni kwedrone yesitshizi. Kwiifama ezincinci ukuya kweziphakathi (ukuya kwiihektare ezili-100), i-multi-rotor drones ene-flight range ye-5-10 yeekhilomitha kunye ne-tank umthamo we-5-10 ilitha zifanelekile. Kwiifama ezinkulu (ngaphezu kweehektare ezili-100), iinqwelo-moya ezizii-fixed-wing okanye i-hybrid drones ezinoluhlu lokubhabha olwandisiweyo oluya kutsho kuma-50 eekhilomitha kunye namatanki amakhulu (15-20 litre) asebenza kakuhle. Iintlobo zezityalo nazo zibalulekile; Ukutshiza okuchanekileyo kwizityalo zexabiso eliphezulu ezifana nezidiliya okanye amasimi eziqhamo kufuna iidrones ezinomfanekiso ophezulu kunye nesakhono sokuva.
Iingqwalasela zokusebenza
Ukusetyenziswa ngokulula, ubomi bebhetri, ukuqina, kunye nokuguquguquka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zezona zinto ziphambili xa ukhetha idrone yokutshiza. Iidrones kufuneka zibonise ulawulo olucacileyo kunye nocwangciso lwenqwelomoya oluzimeleyo ukwenza lula ukusebenza. Ubomi bebhetri buyahluka, kunye neebhetri zomthamo ophezulu zibonelela ukuya kwimizuzu engama-30 yexesha lokubhabha ngentlawulo nganye, ngelixa iibhetri ezitshintshayo zinokunciphisa ixesha lokuphumla. Ukomelela kubalulekile; Iidrone kufuneka zakhiwe ngezinto ezikwaziyo ukumelana nemozulu kwaye zibonise uyilo olomeleleyo lokumelana nokusingqongileyo kwezolimo. Ukongeza, iidrones kufuneka zikwazi ukusebenza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ezineempawu ezinje nge-radar elandela umhlaba kunye neenkqubo zokuthintela imiqobo ukuze zihambe kakuhle kumhlaba onzima.
isiphelo
Izitshizi zeDrone zitshintshe kakhulu ezolimo zale mihla, zibonelela ngokusebenza kakuhle, ukuchaneka, kunye nemveliso kulawulo lwezityalo. Ngokukhetha ngononophelo i-drone efanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno ezithile zokulima, kubandakanywa izinto ezifana nenkxaso, iindleko, ukugcinwa, umthamo wetanki, izinga lesicelo, ubungakanani befama, kunye nokuqwalaselwa kokusebenza, imisebenzi yezolimo inokulungiswa. Ukudityaniswa kobuchwepheshe obuphambili kwizitshizi zedrone kuqinisekisa ukuba abalimi banokuhlangabezana nemingeni yolimo oluzinzileyo, okukhokelela kulawulo olungcono lwezixhobo kunye nezivuno eziphezulu zezityalo.
