Khawufane ucinge ukuba ungenisa iimveliso zogwebu, zeziphi ezona zinto zinokwenza iindleko eziphezulu kuzo zonke iindleko zonikezelo? Isenokumangalisa abanye ukufumanisa ukuba iindleko zokuthumela ngenqanawa ziphakathi kwezona zibalulekileyo. Ewe, ukuhambisa i-1 kg yeemveliso zogwebu kuhlala kubiza kakhulu kunokuhambisa i-1 kg yezitena enkosi kumgaqo we-CBM, obeka ukubaluleka kwendawo ngaphezulu kobunzima kunye nobume bexabiso levolumetric.
Ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni i-CBM, xa isetyenziswa kakhulu, kunye nendlela yokubala i-CBM-kuquka indlela yokumisela iindleko zokuthutha usebenzisa i-CBM-funda ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha.
Isiqulatho
1. Yintoni i-CBM
2. Isetyenziswa nini iCBM
3. Ibalwa njani iCBM kunye neendleko zothutho kusetyenziswa iCBM
4. Ukuchaneka kokusebenza kakuhle kwekhonkco lokubonelela
Yintoni i-CBM
I-CBM (i-Cubic Meter) yiyunithi yokulinganisa i-volumetric esetyenziselwa ukumisela umthamo wesithuba esithathwe yimpahla, igxininise ubunzima bayo be-volumetric kunokuba ubunzima bokwenene. Ubalo lwe-CBM lunokusetyenziswa kwiimilo ezahlukeneyo, nokuba zesiqhelo okanye aziqhelekanga, kunye neefomyula ezikhethekileyo zeepakethe zecylindrical. Nangona ifana ne-CFT (iiCubic Feet), i-CBM isebenzisa iimitha njengeyunithi yokulinganisa, esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwihlabathi jikelele, ngelixa i-CFT isebenzisa iinyawo kwaye isetyenziswa ngokuyintloko e-US.
Isetyenziswa nini iCBM
Ukusuka kuthutho elwandle ukuya kwilori kunye nothutho lomoya, ukubala kwe-CBM kubalulekile kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zothutho ekwandiseni ukusetyenziswa kwendawo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko zokuthumela ngenqanawa.
Nangona kunjalo, ngokweendlela zokuthumela ngenqanawa, i-CBM iluncedo kakhulu kwi-Less Container Load (LCL) kwimpahla yolwandle, iLori encinci yeLori (LTL) kwimpahla yelori, kunye nomthwalo womoya odibeneyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba zonke ezi ntlobo zokuthumela ngenqanawa zibandakanya ukwabelana ngesithuba nabanye abahambi ngenqanawa, apho iintlawulo zisekwe kwinxalenye ekhoyo yendawo yomthwalo kunobunzima bokwenene. Ukubalwa kwe-CBM kuxabiseke kakhulu kwezi ndlela zokuthumela ngenqanawe zisekwe kumthamo ukugqiba umthamo okhoyo opheleleyo okanye indawo kwaye emva koko incede ekuqikeleleni iindleko zothutho lonke.
Ibalwa njani iCBM kunye neendleko zothutho kusetyenziswa iCBM
Ibalwa njani iCBM
Ngamafutshane, ubalo lwe-CBM lunokuba ngokuthe ngqo, ngokulula phinda-phinda ubude bepasile (L), ububanzi (W), kunye nobude (H) kunye. Ngokumalunga nobukhulu obuxubeneyo bomthwalo odibanisa iipakethe zeesayizi ezahlukeneyo, yenza ubalo lwe-CBM yesayizi nganye yento kwaye emva koko ushwankathele onke amaxabiso ukuze ufumane itotali epheleleyo. Oku kulandelayo ziifomyula ezilula nezithe ngqo zokubala i-CBM iyonke yeepasile eziqhelekileyo kunye neepasela ezinemilo engaqhelekanga kubandakanywa iipasile zecylindrical:
Ifomula yokubala i-CBM yeepasile eziqhelekileyo= L x W x H
Ifomula yokubala i-CBM yeepakethe ezinemilo engaqhelekanga
= Elona lide L x Elona lide W x Elide kakhulu H
Ifomula yokubala i-CBM yeepasile zesilinda = π x r² xh, apho:
π (pi) imalunga ne-3.14 (iimathematika engatshintshiyo)
r imele iradiyasi yesilinda.
h ichaza ukuphakama kwe-cylinder.
Iikhonsepthi eziphambili zokubala iindleko zothutho zizonke kusetyenziswa i-CBM
Phambi kokuba siqhubeke nokubala zonke iindleko zothutho sisebenzisa i-CBM, kukho iikhonsepthi ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe:
- ubunzima Gross: Owona bunzima bepakethi, egubungela yonke into ukusuka kuyo nayiphi na imathiriyeli yokupakisha ukuya kuzo naziphi na iipaliti ezisetyenzisiweyo.
- I-DIM Factor: I-DIM Factor imele i-Dimensional Weight factor, eyona nto iphinda iphinde ihluke ngokuxhomekeka kwindlela yokuthutha. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba, nangona kukho izinto ezininzi ezisemgangathweni zeDIM ezikhoyo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zothutho kwimarike ngoku, la manani anokwahluka njengoko ekugqibeleni emiselwa ziinkampani zothutho ngokuhambelana namaxabiso abawafunayo. Iimpawu zeDIM eziqhelekileyo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthumela zibandakanya:
| Imo yothutho | I-DIM Factor eqhelekileyo | Iimbalasane zomxholo |
| uhambo lwaselwandle | 1:1000 | Izinto ezahlukeneyo ze-DIM apha zithetha ukuba i-CBM e-1 yomthamo ithathwa njengelingana ne-1000, 3000, 6000, okanye i-5000 yeekhilogram (kg) ngenjongo yokubala ubunzima be-dimensional kwiimodi ezahlukeneyo zokuthumela. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba i-DIM ephezulu okanye esezantsi imela ngokuthe ngqo amaxabiso aphezulu okanye asezantsi othutho, njengoko iireyithi zizonke zixhomekeke kwi-CBM/toni yomthwalo omiselweyo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthumela ngenqanawa. Umzekelo, uthutho elwandle ludla ngokuba nomyinge osezantsi we-CBM/yetoni nganye xa kuthelekiswa nothutho lomoya kunye nothutho ezindleleni. Ke ngoko, amaxabiso othutho ewonke asaxhomekeke kakhulu kwi-CBM/yetoni nganye ehlawulelwayo ireyithi yendlela nganye. |
| Umthwalo wendlela | 1:3000 | |
| Uloyiko lomoya | 1:6000 | |
| I-Courier/Express impahla | 1:5000 |
- Ubunzima bobukhulu / ubunzima bomthamo: La magama mabini ayatshintshana njengoko ebhekisela kwinto enye - ubunzima obusekelwe kumthamo wento. Le ndlela ijika umthamo wothutho ube bubunzima obulinganayo, ukusuka kwi-CBM ukuya kwi-kg kunye ne-DIM Factor esisigxina njengoko kucacisiwe ngasentla, kodwa ngeefomyula ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela yokuthutha. Iifomula eziqhelekileyo zeendlela ezahlukeneyo zothutho zezi zilandelayo:
Ifomula yobunzima bomlinganiselo we imithwalo yolwandle= CBM × DIM Factor (1:1000)
| Ifomula yobunzima bomlinganiselo we uloyiko lomoya | CBM × Ubuninzi |
| I-DIM Factor (1:6000) |
| Ifomula yobunzima bomlinganiselo we imithwalo yendlela | CBM |
| I-DIM Factor (1:3000) |
- Ubunzima obuhlawulelwayo: Ukuyibeka ngokulula, ubunzima obuhlawuliswayo bumele ukhetho lokugqibela phakathi kobunzima obugqithisileyo kunye nobunzima bobukhulu ngabathwali, kusetyenziswa oyena mkhulu kwezi zibini njengobunzima obubizwayo. Le nkqubo yokubeka amaxabiso iqinisekisa ukuba abathwali banokufumana intlawulo eyaneleyo yokuthunyelwa kwezinto ezinzima okanye ezithatha indawo.
Zibalwa njani iindleko zothutho zizonke kusetyenziswa i-CBM
Makhe sihlolisise iindlela zokubala iindleko zothutho lulonke kusetyenziswa i-CBM ngokusekelwe kumlinganiselo wepakethe eyahlukeneyo yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zothutho, njengoko kungenakwenzeka ngokubanzi ukusebenzisa idimension yepakethe enye kunye nomzekelo wobunzima obupheleleyo kuzo zonke iindlela ezahlukeneyo zothutho. Uthutho lwaselwandle, umzekelo, lufaneleke ngakumbi kwizinto ezininzi, izinto ezinzima, ngelixa imithwalo yomoya kunye nomthwalo wendlela isenokungalungeli izinto ezifanayo ngenxa yemiqobo yazo kunye nemida yobunzima. Le ilandelayo yimizekelo yokubala ireyithi yomthwalo xa iyonke kusetyenziswa i-CBM kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zothutho. Zonke iireyithi kunye nemilinganiselo yenzelwe iinjongo zokubonisa kuphela; malunga neentlawulo ezichanekileyo, qhagamshelana nabanikezeli bempahla abafanelekileyo.
- uhambo lwaselwandle
| Umzekelo ongumzekelo | |
| Izinga lothutho: | $50 nge CBM/toni |
| Ubuninzi bepakethi: | 1 |
| Ubungakanani bephakheji: | Ubude (L) = 100 cm, Ububanzi (W) = 50 cm, Ubude (H) = 40 cm |
| Ubunzima bokuqala: | 500 Kg |
| DIM factor: | 1:1000 |
| CBM = | 100cm × 50cm × 40cm | = 0.2 CBM |
| 1,000,000 (1 cubic meter (m³) = 100 cm × 100 cm × 100 cm) |
Ubunzima bobukhulu bubonke= 0.2 CBM x 1000 (Dim Factor) = 200 Kg (0.2 ton)
Ubunzima obuhlawulelwayo bubonke = ubunzima obubonke (500Kg) njengoko bukhulu kunobunzima bedimensional (200 Kg).
Iireyithi zothutho elwandle zizonke kusetyenziswa ubunzima obuninzi = 0.5 ton x $50 = $250
- Uloyiko lomoya
| Umzekelo ongumzekelo | |
| Izinga lothutho: | $250 nge CBM/toni |
| Ubuninzi bepakethi: | 1 |
| Ubungakanani bephakheji: | Ubude (L) = 150 cm, Ububanzi (W) = 100 cm, Ubude (H) = 160 cm |
| Ubunzima bokuqala: | 200 Kg |
| DIM factor: | 1:6000 |
*Ekuthuthweni ngomoya, kukuziqhelisa okusemgangathweni sebenzisa cubic centimeters (cm³) ngokuthe ngqo xa ubala ubunzima bobukhulu ukusukela oko i-DIM factor iyilelwe ukusebenza ngemithamo kwi-cm³.
| Ubunzima bobukhulu bubonke = | Iyonke CBM = 150cm×100cm×160cm = 2400000cm³ x 1 (ubuninzi) | = 400Kg (iitoni ezi-0.4) |
| 6000 (Dim Factor) |
Ubunzima obuhlawulelwayo bubonke = Ekubeni ubunzima obuyi-dimensional (400 kg) bukhulu kunobunzima obupheleleyo (200 kg), ubunzima obubizwayo bungama-400 kg.
Iireyithi zothutho lomoya zizonke kusetyenziswa ubunzima obuyi-dimensional= 0.4 ton x $250 = $100
- Umthwalo wendlela
| Umzekelo ongumzekelo | |
| Izinga lothutho: | $60 nge CBM/toni |
| Ubuninzi bepakethi: | 1 |
| Ubungakanani Bepakethe (cm*): | Ubude (L) = 120 cm, Ububanzi (W) = 90 cm, Ubude (H) = 50 cm |
| Ubunzima bokuqala: | 150 Kg |
| DIM factor: | 1:3000 |
*Kuthutho ezindleleni, olufana nothutho lomoya, amaxesha amaninzi ii-cubic centimeters (cm³) zisetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo xa kubalwa ubunzima bobukhulu.
| Ubunzima bobukhulu bubonke = | Iyonke CBM= 120cm×90cm×50cm = 540000cm³ | = 180Kg (iitoni ezi-0.18) |
| 3000 (Dim Factor) |
Ubunzima obuhlawulelwayo bubonke = Ekubeni ubunzima obuyi-dimensional (180 kg) bukhulu kunobunzima obupheleleyo (150 kg), ubunzima obubizwayo bungama-180 kg.
Iireyithi zomthwalo ezindleleni zizonke kusetyenziswa ubunzima bobukhulu= 0.18 ton x $60 = $10.8
Ukuchaneka kokusebenza kakuhle kwekhonkco lonikezelo
I-CBM yinto esebenzayo, eluncedo, kwaye esebenzayo yokubala ingqikelelo yokumisela ukuhanjiswa okusekwe kumthamo kunye nokuthatha indawo. Iluncedo kakhulu kwi-LCL (Ngaphantsi koMthwalo weSikhongozelo) kunye ne-LTL (Ngaphantsi kweLori) yokuthunyelwa, njengoko inceda ukwandisa indawo, ukubala iindleko, kunye nokulungelelanisa inkqubo yonke yolungiselelo. Ukuchaneka okunjalo kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwekhonkco lokubonelela kunye neendleko ezifanelekileyo.
Ukusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo iifomyula ze-CBM ukubala iindleko ezipheleleyo zokuthuthwa kwempahla, umntu kufuneka azuze ukuqonda ingqikelelo ye-CBM, ubunzima obupheleleyo, i-DIM Factor, idimensional weight, kunye nobunzima obubizwayo. Ngokusebenzisa iifomyula ze-CBM kunye nokumiselwa kwe-DIM esisigxina, ababoneleli bempahla balawula ukuphumeza indlela yokubeka amaxabiso enokuthi ibonelele kuzo zombini izithintelo zobunzima kunye neenkxalabo zendawo.
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