Even the smallest errors can cause serious repercussions, particularly in export compliance. Ensuring accurate export classification is crucial for adhering to regulations, preventing delays, and avoiding costly penalties.
Kweli nqaku, siza kuchaza iimpazamo ezisibhozo ezixhaphakileyo zokuhlela esidibana nazo kwaye sinikezele ngeengcebiso ezisebenzayo zokukunceda uziphephe.
Isiqulatho:
- Ukubhidanisa i-HS, i-HTS, iShedyuli B, kunye neeKhowudi ze-ECCN
- Ukungaphumeleli ukuhambisana nohlaziyo lweekhowudi zohlelo
- Ukungahoyi ukuhluka kwemveliso kunye nokuguqulwa
- Ukusilela ekuqinisekiseni ulwahlulo olubonelelwe ngababoneleli
- Ukungaqondi kakuhle uphawu oluyimfuneko lwemveliso
- Ukucinga ukuba imveliso yakho iwela phantsi kwe-EAR99
- Ukutolikwa gwenxa kwe-600 Series ECCNs
- Eyona ndlela yokuthintela iimpazamo zohlelo
1. Ukubhidanisa i-HS, i-HTS, iShedyuli B, kunye neeKhowudi ze-ECCN
Abathengisi bangaphandle abaninzi banokungaziqondi iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhlela, okukhokelela ekungenisweni okungachanekanga kunye nemiba yokuthotyelwa. Ngelixa ezi nkqubo zinxibelelene, kukho umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kwazo. Nantsi inkcazo ekhawulezayo yokuba zahluke njani:
IiKhowudi zeNkqubo eHanyanisiweyo (HS).
Often referred to as HS numbers, this six-digit coding system is utilized by customs authorities worldwide to determine the duty and tax rates for various products.
Amazwe amaninzi, kuquka ne-United States, andisa ikhowudi ye-HS ngokongeza amanani ongezelelweyo ukunika ulwahlulo oluneenkcukacha zemveliso. La masuntswana ongezelelweyo ayahluka ukusuka kwelinye ilizwe ukuya kwelinye.
IiKhowudi zeShedyuli yoMrhumo oLungelelanisiweyo (HTS).
Iikhowudi ze-HTS zase-United States yinkqubo yokuhlela yokungenisa enamanani ali-10 ekhethekileyo e-US Elawulwa yiKhomishini yoRhwebo yaMazwe ngaMazwe yase-US (ITC). Kubalulekile ekumiseleni imisebenzi yorhwebo.
The first six digits of an HTS code align with the standard HS code, while the final four digits are unique to the U.S. If you’re importing into the United States, this is the code you’ll need to use.
Iikhowudi zeShedyuli B
Yiseti eneedijithi ezili-10 zeekhowudi ze-HTS ezilungiselelwe abathengisi bangaphandle base-US. Urhulumente wase-US ngokuqhelekileyo usebenzisa iikhowudi zeShedyuli B ukulandelela amanani okuthunyelwa ngaphandle. Ekubeni iikhowudi zeShedyuli B zisekelwe kwiikhowudi ze-HTS, abathumeli bangaphandle bahlala bezifumana zilula kwaye zisebenza kakuhle kuhlelo lwemveliso.
Inombolo yoHlelo lokuThumela ngaphandle (ECCN)
Olu lwahlulo lokuthumela ngaphandle ngokuqhelekileyo lusetyenziselwa ukulawula ulawulo lokuthumela ngaphandle kunye nokumisela iimfuno zelayisenisi phantsi kweMimiselo yoLawulo lokuThunyelwa kwamanye amazwe (EAR). Ibeka ngokweendidi izinto ngokusekelwe kusetyenziso olunokubakho kunye novakalelo, inceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yokuthumela ngaphandle.
2. Ukungaphumeleli ukuhambisana nohlaziyo lweekhowudi zohlelo
The Harmonized System is overseen by the World Customs Organization (WCO), which updates HS codes every five years to reflect new products and modifications to existing ones. The latest revision took effect on January 1, 2022. You can find details on the most recent updates here.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yangoku yokuthumela impahla ngaphandle, hlola rhoqo kwaye uhlaziye iikhowudi zokuhlela imveliso yakho okanye usebenze nabathumeli bempahla abathembekileyo abahlala ngoku nolu tshintsho.
Fumana iiNgcali zethu eziThumela phambili!
3. Ukungahoyi ukuhluka kwemveliso kunye nokuguqulwa
Ukusebenzisa ulwahlulo olulodwa kuzo zonke iinguqu zemveliso (nokuba kukho umahluko ophawulekayo kwiimpawu okanye imisebenzi) kunokubangela iimpazamo.
For example, consider a company that makes electronic devices like laptops. They produce a standard model and a high-security model with advanced encryption.
Ngelixa imodeli esemgangathweni ingawela phantsi kwe-ECCN jikelele (iNombolo yoHlelo lokuThunyelwa ngaphandle) kwiilaptops, inguqulelo yokhuseleko oluphezulu inokufuna i-ECCN ethintelweyo ngakumbi ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwayo kabini.
Kubalulekile ukuvavanya ukwahluka kwemveliso nganye nganye ukumisela ukuba ngaba ulwahlulo olwahlukileyo luyimfuneko kwaye lubonise naluphi na uhlengahlengiso kwinkqubo yokuhlelwa.
4. Failing to validate supplier-provided classifications
Ukuthembela kuphela kwiikhowudi zokuhlela ezibonelelwa ngabathengisi kunokukhokelela kwimibandela enzima ukuba ngaba azichanekanga. Uqinisekisa ngcono ukuchaneka kwezi khowudi ngokuzimeleyo. Yenza ucazululo lwakho lohlelo, njengoko uxanduva lokuhlelwa okuchanekileyo kokuthumela ngaphandle ekugqibeleni kukuwe njengomthengisi.
5. Misjudging a product’s essential character
Ngaphambi kokuhlela imveliso, kubalulekile ukuqonda ngokucacileyo inkcazo, umsebenzi, ukwakheka kunye neempawu. Qinisekisa ukuba unamaxwebhu aneenkcukacha, kuquka:
- Ukusetyenziswa okucetywayo kunye nokuchaza iimpawu
- Iinkcukacha (umzekelo, ubungakanani, umthamo, ubukhulu)
- Ukwakhiwa (umzekelo, iintsimbi, iiplastiki, iinkuni)
- Iikhrayitheriya zokusebenza (umzekelo, umthamo, izinga lokuhamba, amandla ombane)
When a product seems to fit into multiple categories because it’s a mixture or composite, the General Rules of Interpretation (GRI) state that classification should be based on its essential character. Misclassification often happens when paying more attention to secondary characteristics than the product’s core attributes.
6. Ukucinga ukuba imveliso yakho iwela phantsi kwe-EAR99
EAR99 is a classification under the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) for items not listed on the Commerce Control List (CCL). It’s often considered the default or “easy” classification. Because it means the item doesn’t require an export license unless sent to a sanctioned country, embargoed destination, or prohibited end-user.
Ngelixa ukuhlelwa kwento njenge-EAR99 kunokubonakala kulungile ukufezekisa inkqubo yokuthumela ngaphandle, le ngcinga inokukhokelela kwimiba yothotyelo ukuba into iwela phantsi kwe-ECCN ethile.
Nkqu neemveliso ezibonakala zilula okanye ziphantsi kobuchwepheshe zisenokuba nee-ECCN ezichongiweyo, ngakumbi ukuba zinezicelo ezisetyenziswa kabini (ezifana nezomkhosi kunye nezomkhosi). Soloko uphonononga ngononophelo i-CCL ukuze uqinisekise ukuba imveliso yakho ine-ECCN kwaye ukuba ilayisensi yokuthumela ngaphandle iyafuneka.
7. Ukutolikwa gwenxa kwe-600 Series ECCNs
Items previously listed on the United States Munitions List (USML) but now reclassified under the CCL are often designated with 600 series ECCNs. These items were transferred to the EAR in order to ease export restrictions, particularly for NATO countries and other allied nations. However, navigating this category can be challenging, as it frequently involves technology with potential military applications.
Kwiimveliso zothotho ezingama-600, ukuba nenjineli eyiqondayo inkcazo yobugcisa kunokubaluleka kuhlelo oluchanekileyo. Igosa lokuthotyelwa kwemithetho engeyoyobuchwephesha lisenokungabi nabuchule obufunekayo ukwenza umiselo oluchanekileyo.
Ke ngoko, iinkampani kufuneka zithathele ingqalelo ukwenza amaqela asebenza ngokunqamlezayo aneseti zezakhono ezahlukeneyo ukusebenzisana kwinkqubo yolwahlulo. Ukutyeshela le miba kunokubangela ukuhlelwa okungachanekanga kunye nemingeni yokuthotyelwa.
Eyona ndlela yokuthintela iimpazamo zohlelo
Ukusebenzisa ezi zicwangciso kunye nezibonelelo kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukubakho kweempazamo zokuhlelwa. Nangona kunjalo, ubunzima bemimiselo yokuthumela ngaphandle kunokuba ngumngeni ukuhamba.
Umthombo ovela Ukubonelela ngomoya
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi oluchazwe ngasentla lunikezelwa ngu-airsupplycn.com ngokuzimeleyo kwe-Chovm.com. I-Chovm.com ayenzi lumelo kunye neziqinisekiso malunga nomgangatho kunye nokuthembeka komthengisi kunye neemveliso. I-Chovm.com ikhupha ngokucacileyo naliphi na ityala lokwaphulwa kwelungelo lokushicilela umxholo.
