Kuqoqosho lwanamhlanje olukhawulezayo lwehlabathi, imali kunye neetshekhi aziyinciphisi kwiintengiselwano ezinkulu okanye iintlawulo zamazwe ngamazwe. Kulapho iintlawulo ze-electronic funds (EFT) zingena khona. Le nkqubo yentlawulo ibonelela ngesisombululo esingenamthungo, esikhuselekileyo sokuhambisa imali, nokuba abathengisi bafumana iintlawulo kwihlabathi jikelele okanye baphatha iimali ezibalulekileyo.
Ngelixa i-EFT inokuthi ixhaphake kumashishini kwihlabathi liphela, abaninzi abayazi ukuba ithetha ukuthini na. Eli nqaku liza kuphonononga iintlawulo ze-EFT kwaye liqaqambise iintlobo ezisixhenxe abathengisi abangazisebenzisa namhlanje.
Isiqulatho
Zithini iintlawulo ze-EFT?
Zisebenza njani iintlawulo ze-EFT?
Iintlawulo ze-EFT ziwanceda njani amashishini?
Iintlobo ezisi-7 zeentlawulo ze-EFT abathengisi banokuzisebenzisa kumashishini abo
Amazwi okugqibela
Zithini iintlawulo ze-EFT?
Khumbula indlela abantu abahlawula ngayo izinto ngamakhadi okuthenga ngetyala, i-ACH, kunye nokudluliselwa ngocingo? Ezo zonke ziintlobo zeentlawulo zokudluliselwa kwemali ngekhompyutha, okanye ii-EFTs. Iintlawulo ze-EFT zivumela nabani na ukuba ahambise imali ngedijithali kubamkeli abahlukeneyo-kwaye akuyomfuneko ukuba basebenzise ibhanki enye.
Iintlawulo ze-EFT azifuni abasebenzi basebhankini okanye amaxwebhu angamaphepha ukongamela inkqubo. Ngesi sizathu, nabani na angathumela kwaye afumane imali naphi na. Cinga ngee-EFTs njengendlela evunyiweyo yibhanki, ekhuselekileyo yokudlulisela imali, phantse njengokuyithumela phakathi kweeakhawunti.
Nangcono, ii-EFTs zilula kakhulu ukuseta. Amashishini abo bonke ubukhulu banokuzisebenzisa, esusa isidingo sokuthumela / ukufumana imali ebonakalayo okanye iitshekhi. Kungenxa yoko le nto iintlawulo ze-EFT zixhaphake kakhulu kuqoqosho lwedijithali lwanamhlanje.
Zisebenza njani iintlawulo ze-EFT?
Zonke iintlawulo ze-EFT zenzeka kuthungelwano oluthile, njenge-Automated Clearing House (ACH) e-US Le nkqubo idibanisa onke amaziko emali kwilizwe, ukusuka kwiibhanki ezinkulu ukuya kwiimanyano zamatyala amancinci. Ngokuqhelekileyo, intlawulo ye-EFT ifuna amaqela amabini: omnye ukuthumela imali kunye nomnye ukuyifumana.
Umthumeli kufuneka anike iinkcukacha eziphambili njengegama lebhanki lomamkeli, inombolo ye-akhawunti, uhlobo lwe-akhawunti, kunye nenombolo yomzila. Umzekelo, umqeshi unokusebenzisa i-EFT ukuhlawula ikontraki, okanye umthengi unokuhlawula i-bill nge-EFT. Iinkampani eziluncedo zihlala zisebenzisa ii-EFTs kwiintlawulo ezizenzekelayo, ziyenza ilungele inkampani kunye nomthengi.
Emva kokuba umthumeli egqibe ukugqithisela, uhamba ngothungelwano lwedijithali ukufikelela kwibhanki yomamkeli nge-Intanethi okanye kwiitheminali zokuhlawula. Ii-EFTs ezicutshungulwayo kwinethiwekhi ye-ACH zenzeka kwiibhetshi, oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo iqokelela udluliselo oluninzi kwaye iluqhube kunye. Le nkqubo ikholisa ukususa iintlawulo phakathi kweentsuku ezimbalwa.
Iintlawulo ze-EFT ziwanceda njani amashishini?
Ukulula kunye nokuguquguquka
Udluliselo lwemali ye-elektroniki (EFTs) lubhetyebhetye ngendlela emangalisayo, nto leyo ebenza babe luncedo kuzo zonke iintengiselwano. Nokuba amashishini akhupha imali, ahlawula abasebenzi, okanye athumele imali kubaboneleli baphesheya kweelwandle, kukho i-EFT yokukhetha phantse yonke imeko.
U khu seleko
Inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yakutsha nje iphucule kakhulu ukhuseleko lwe-EFTs kumashishini. Ngaphambili, amakhadi edebhithi ayexhomekeke kwiintambo zemagneti ezityhila inombolo yekhadi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba iintengiselwano zibe sesichengeni sobuqhophololo. Namhlanje, iindlela ezintsha zokuhlawula ezifana neetshiphusi ze-EMV kunye neentlawulo ze-NFC ezingaqhagamshelwanga zisebenzisa iikhowudi ezifihliweyo endaweni yeenombolo zekhadi, ezinikezela ngokhuseleko olungcono kakhulu.
Ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi
Ngelixa izipaji zedijithali kunye neendlela ezintsha ze-EFT zisabambeka kwihlabathi liphela, uninzi lokhetho, olufana namakhadi ebhanki, ukudluliselwa kwefowuni, ukudluliselwa kwe-ACH, kunye nee-ATM, ziye zaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwehlabathi. Nokuba baphi na abathengisi, bakweyiphi imboni, okanye luhlobo luni logqithiselo lwemali abaludingayo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kukho i-EFT yokukhetha elingana ngokugqibeleleyo.
Gcina ii-akhawunti ngokulula
Iintlawulo ze-EFT zikhawuleza kwaye ziyazenzekela. Banokunceda abathengisi ukuba bagcine ixesha ngokuphepha inkathazo yokuhlaziya iakhawunti ngesandla. Zikwaluncedo xa usebenza namakhadi aphelelwe lixesha okanye iintlawulo zobuqhophololo.
Iindleko zoshishino ezicuthiweyo
Iintlawulo ze-EFT zilungele uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, ngakumbi kwiintengiselwano ezinkulu. Bakwanceda ukuphepha iimpazamo zabantu ezibiza kakhulu kwaye banciphise iindleko ezinje ngeposi, iphepha, kunye nezinye iindleko ezibotshelelwe kwiindlela zokuhlawula zemveli.
Ulawulo olungcono lokungena kwemali
Amashishini anokuseta iintlawulo ze-elektroniki ngokuzenzekelayo, ukwenza ukulawula ukuhamba kwemali kube lula kunye nokugcina amatyala ahlawulwe ngexesha. Abathengisi abayi kuba nexhala malunga nokuphosa umhla wokugqibela.
Ukuphucula amava abathengi
Intlawulo ye-EFT yenza lula inkqubo yokuhlawula kubathengi, ibenze kube lula kubo ukuhlawula kunye nokwandisa ukwaneliseka kunye nokunyaniseka kwabo.
Iintlobo ezisi-7 zeentlawulo ze-EFT abathengisi banokuzisebenzisa kumashishini abo
1. Iintengiselwano zeACH
I-Automated Clearing House (ACH) yinethiwekhi engundoqo yokudlulisa imali phakathi kwee-akhawunti zebhanki kulo lonke elase-US Iphatha i-ACH debit kunye neentlawulo zekhredithi, ezilawulwa yi-NACHA kwaye inxenye iqhutywe yi-Federal Reserve.
Ngokungafaniyo neenethiwekhi zekhadi letyala lenkampani yabucala, inethiwekhi ye-ACH igxile ngakumbi ekusebenzeni kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko. Iintlawulo ze-ACH zihlala zihlala kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu zeshishini. Ukongeza, ngelixa zonke iintlawulo ze-ACH luhlobo lwe-EFT, ayizizo zonke ii-EFT ezihamba kwinethiwekhi ye-ACH.
2. Idiphozithi ngqo
Xa amashishini efaka imivuzo yabasebenzi bawo ngqo kwi-akhawunti yawo yebhanki, leyo yi-electronic funds transfer (EFT). Idiphozithi ngokuthe ngqo yindlela efanelekileyo yokuhlawula abasebenzi ngaphandle kobunzima bokuhlolwa kwephepha. Ngaphezu koko, inkonzo yomntu wesithathu idla ngokuyisingatha le nkqubo: umqeshi ucwangcisa umvuzo womqeshwa ngamnye kunye nomnikezeli, onyamekela ngokuzenzekelayo abanye.
3. Amakhadi okuthenga ngetyala nawebhanki
Wonke umntu usebenzisa ikhadi lakhe letyala okanye ledebhithi ukuhambisa imali phakathi kweeakhawunti, ukuthenga, okanye ukuhlawula amatyala. Zonke ezi ntengiselwano ziwela phantsi kweentlawulo ze-EFT, kwaye amashishini angazisebenzisa ukuthenga iimpahla kunye neenkonzo.
4. Ukudluliselwa ngocingo
Ukuhanjiswa kwengcingo kuyathandwa ngokuhambisa iimali ezinkulu, njengentlawulo yendlu. Xa abantu okanye amashishini efuna ukujongana neentengiselwano ezinkulu ngaphaya kokuthenga rhoqo, bahlala besebenzisa ukudluliselwa kwefowuni. Abaninzi bayayithemba le ndlela ye-EFT ngokusebenza kwayo kunye nokuthembeka.
5. Iinkqubo zokuhlawula ngefowuni
Nangona ingaxhaphakanga namhlanje, iisistim ezisekwe efowunini zisasebenza kakuhle ekugqithiseni imali nge-elektroniki. Abanye basebenzisa ezi nkqubo ukuhlawula amatyala okanye ukuhambisa imali phakathi kweeakhawunti zebhanki. Inkqubo ibandakanya ukuguqula isicelo sentlawulo kwifomathi iikhomputha ezinokuyiqonda kwaye ziyenze.
6. Iitshekhi zombane
Iitshekhi ze-E zifana neetshekhi zemveli kodwa ngaphandle kwephepha. Amashishini angazisebenzisa ngokufaka iinombolo zabo zeakhawunti kunye neakhawunti yebhanki kwinkonzo yentlawulo ye-EFT ukuze bagqibezele intengiselwano.
Zithatha ixesha elingakanani iintlawulo ze-EFT?
Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-EFT lufuna ubude obuhlukeneyo bokugqiba intengiselwano. Nalu ujongo olusondeleyo:
- Ukudluliselwa kweP2P kunokugqiba ukuthengiselana ngephanyazo okanye kuthathe imizuzu embalwa.
- Ukudluliselwa kwe-ACH kunokuthatha ukuya kwiintsuku ze-3 zokusebenza ukugqiba intengiselwano. Nangona kunjalo, amashishini anokusebenzisa iinketho zosuku olunye ukuba kuyimfuneko.
- Ukudluliselwa kweentambo zasekhaya ngokuqhelekileyo zifikelela kummkeli ngosuku olufanayo lomsebenzi (ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-24).
- Ukudluliselwa kweengcingo zamazwe ngamazwe kunokuthatha iintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5 zoshishino, kuxhomekeke kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo.
Amazwi okugqibela
Ekubeni i-Federal Reserve yazisa uMthetho woTshintsho lweNgxowa-mali ye-Electronic kwi-1978, imali iye yahamba ngedijithali. Namhlanje, imali ifana nedatha yekhompyuter kunemali ebonakalayo. Iintlawulo ze-EFT zibalulekile ekugqibezeleni intengiselwano kolu qoqosho lwedijithali lwehlabathi kuba ziyakhawuleza, zikhuselekile, kwaye kulula ukuzifikelela. Ukusuka ekubuyiseleni iimpahla kwakhona ukusuka kubaboneleli be-intanethi ukuya ekuhlawuleleni iimveliso, amashishini anokukhetha ngokulula indlela yokuhlawula ye-EFT esebenza kakuhle kubo.
