Isiqulatho
1. intshayelelo
2. Iintlobo kunye nokusetyenziswa kolwelo losasazo
3. Isishwankathelo semarike yolwelo losasazo kwixesha elizayo
4. Imiba ephambili ekufuneka iqwalaselwe xa ukhetha ulwelo losulelo
5. Iintlobo zolwelo oluphambili kunye neempawu zazo
6. Isiphelo
intshayelelo
Ulwelo lothumelo lugcina inkqubo yothumelo isebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Isebenza njenge-lubricant kunye ne-coolant enceda ukunciphisa ingxabano kunye nokuthintela ukutshisa kakhulu ngelixa uqinisekisa ukutshintshwa kweegiya ezigudileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokuqhuba. Ulwelo olukwinqanaba eliphezulu lothumelo lunokuphucula ngokubonakalayo ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha kunye nokunciphisa umthamo wokuguga kumalungu othumelo, olunceda ekugqibeleni ukwandisa ubomi benkqubo yothumelo. Ukukhetha uhlobo olululo kubalulekile ukuhlangabezana nemigaqo yokusebenza kunye nokukhusela kukungasebenzi kakuhle okunokwenzeka ngelixa uphucula ukusebenza ngokubanzi kwesithuthi kuzo zombini uthumelo lwezandla kunye noluzenzekelayo.
Iintlobo kunye nokusetyenziswa kolwelo losasazo
Ulwelo loSulelo lweManuwali
I-Manual Transmission Fluid (MTF) sisithambiso esikhethekileyo esilungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa kwizithuthi ezinebhokisi yegiya yezandla. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukunciphisa ukungqubana phakathi kweegiya kunye namalungu ahambayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthambisa kunye nokusebenza ngokungenamthungo kokuseta ukuhanjiswa. Olu lwelo olukhethekileyo lwe-MTF lwenzelwe ukumelana noxinzelelo kunye nobushushu obufumaneka kuthumelo, apho kufuneka ulwelo olomeleleyo ukuxhasa ukudityaniswa kwegiya phantsi kwemithwalo enzima kwaye kuthintelwe ukunxiba okugqithisileyo.
Ulwelo loThutho oluzenzekelayo
Ulwelo oluzenzekelayo loThutho (ATF) lulwelo olukhethekileyo lwezithuthi ezinokuhanjiswa okuzenzekelayo. Igcina iindawo zothumelo zithanjiswe kakuhle ukunciphisa ukukhuhlana kunye nokuphepha umonakalo. Ngaphandle kwemisebenzi yokuthambisa, i-ATF ikwasebenza njengolwelo olunceda iigiya zihambe kakuhle kwaye igcine uxinzelelo lwenkqubo yothumelo isebenze kakuhle. Ukuqulunqwa kubandakanya amacandelo aphucula ukusebenza, njengezinto ezichasene nokunxiba ezinciphisa ukuguga kunye nokukrazula iziphumo, izicoci zokugcina ucoceko lwenkqubo, kunye neekhompawundi ze-oxidation ezithintela ukuhla kwimeko yobushushu obugqithisileyo.
Ulwelo lwe-CVT
I-CVT fluid yenzelwe ngokukodwa iimoto ezine-Continuously Variable Transmissions (CVTs), ezisebenza ngokwahlukileyo kwiibhokisi zegiya. Olu lwelo lukhethekileyo ludlala indima ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kwee-CVTs ngokubonelela ngeempawu zokukhuhlana ezifunekayo kunye nokukhusela ekugugeni ngexesha leemeko ezahlukeneyo zokuqhuba. Ngenxa yokukhula kokuthandwa kwee-CVTs ekusebenzeni kwazo kwamafutha kunye neenzuzo zokwandisa amandla, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ulwelo losasazo lwe-CV ukugcina ukuqina nokusebenza kakuhle.
Ulwelo lwe-HFM
I-Highly Friction Modified (HFM) fluids ilungiselelwe izithuthi ezifuna iimpawu ezithile zokukhuhlana ukuqinisekisa utshintsho olungenamthungo lwegiya. Olu lwelo luxhaphakile kwiimodeli zeemoto zaseAsia ezibeka phambili izakhono zokutshintsha ezichanekileyo. Izongezo ezikhethekileyo kulwelo lwe-HFM zijolise ekuhlengahlengiseni amanqanaba okukhuhlana kwinkqubo yothumelo ukuze kuphuculwe ukugudiseka kokutshintsha kwegiya. Olu hlengahlengiso luxabiseke ngokukodwa kwizithuthi ezikumgangatho ophezulu okanye zodidi oluphezulu apho ukusebenza kothumelo olufanelekileyo kubalulekile.
Ulwelo lokwenziwa
Ngenxa yeempawu zabo zokusebenza eziphezulu, ulwelo olwenziwayo lube lolona khetho lukhethwayo kuninzi lwale mihla. Ezi ziselo zinika ukuxhathisa okongeziweyo kutshintsho lobushushu, amazinga okuthotywa kancinci, kunye nokuthambisa okuhlala ixesha elide xa kuthelekiswa nokhetho oluqhelekileyo. Ulwelo lwe-Synthetic lulungele ukuhanjiswa okuzenzekelayo kunye nokuhanjiswa ngesandla, kubenza ukuba baguquguquke kuzo zonke iintlobo zezithuthi, ngakumbi ezo ziphantsi kweemeko zoxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo.
Isishwankathelo semarike yolwelo losasazo kwixesha elizayo
Uphando lwangaphambili luxele ukuba imakethi yehlabathi jikelele yokuhanjiswa kwamanzi yayixabisa i-USD 9.18 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2023 kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba inyuke iye kuthi ga kwi-9.53 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2024 ngaphambi kokufikelela kwi-USD 13.38 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2033 ngesantya sokukhula esidibeneyo se-3.84% ukusuka ngo-2024 ukuya ku-2033.
Ukukhula kwemarike kuqhutywa kukunyuka kokuqondwa kokubaluleka kokulungiswa kwesithuthi kunye nokusetyenziswa kolwelo olukwinqanaba eliphezulu lokuhambisa ulwelo ukuphucula ubomi nokusebenza kwezithuthi. Abathengi ngoku banikela ingqalelo ngakumbi ekunyamekeleni iimoto zabo, nto leyo ebangele ukwanda kwemfuno yolwelo olukhethekileyo. Le pateni yomelezwa ngakumbi kukwanda kokuthandwa kwezithuthi ezine-CVT zothumelo ezifuna ukwakheka kolwelo oluntsonkothileyo ukuze zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo.
Imiba ephambili ekufuneka iqwalaselwe xa ukhetha ulwelo losulelo
Ukubaluleka kokuhambelana kunye neenkcukacha zomenzi
Xa ukhetha ulwelo lothumelo kwiimfuno zesithuthi sakho, kubalulekile ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuhambelana kwayo neemfuno zenkqubo yothumelo lwesithuthi sakho njengoko kuchaziwe ngumenzi kwincwadana yemigaqo yomnini. Kuyanceda ukunqanda imiba efana nokukhuhlana okuphezulu okanye ukushisa okugqithisileyo okunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kumatshini ukuba ayihambelani nemigaqo ecetyiswayo. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zothumelo, ezifana nolwelo oluzenzekelayo (ATP), ulwelo losasazo lwezandla (MTS), okanye usasazo oluqhubekayo oluguquguqukayo (CVTS), lufuna imixube ethile ukuze isebenze ngokufanelekileyo.
Abenzi beemoto bahlala bevavanya kwaye bagunyazise ulwelo kwiibhokisi zabo zegiya ukuqinisekisa ukuba bayanelisa ukusebenza kunye nokukhusela iimfuno. Ukudibanisa ulwelo okanye ukukhetha uhlobo lwendalo iphela endaweni yolo olukhethiweyo kunokukhokelela kumonakalo wangaphakathi, ukuncipha kokusebenza, kunye nobomi obufutshane boseto lothumelo; kungoko, kubalulekile ukuthobela izikhokelo zomvelisi ukugcina ubomi obude nokusebenza kwenkqubo yothumelo.
Imigangatho yomgangatho kunye neziqinisekiso
Ukusebenza kolwelo lothumelo kuchaphazela kakhulu indlela olusebenza ngayo kunye nokuxhomekeka kwalo endleleni okanye kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokuqhuba. Xa ukhetha ulwelo oluqinisekisiweyo oluhlangabezana nemigangatho esekwe yimibutho efana ne-American Petroleum Institute (API) kunye ne-Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), uyazi ukuba ufumana imveliso esemgangathweni. Ezi ziqinisekiso ziqinisekisa ukuba ulwelo luye lwavavanywa ngononophelo kwizinto ezifana nolawulo lwe-viscosity kumaqondo obushushu, ukuxhathisa kutshintsho lobushushu, ukukhuselwa ekugugeni nasekukraleni, kunye nokuhambelana nezinto ezifumaneka kwiinkqubo zothumelo zale mihla.
Umzekelo, ii-notch synthetic transmission fluids zenziwa ukujongana notshintsho lweqondo lobushushu kwaye zibonelele ngokumelana ngcono ne-oxidation kunye nokuthotywa kwe-thermal kunolwelo lwemveli. Iimveliso ezivunyiweyo ziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yothumelo kwaye zicuthe ukuphindaphindeka kotshintsho olwelo, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe iindleko zokuyilungisa kubo bonke ubomi besithuthi. Ukukhetha ulwelo oluhlangabezana nezi nqobo zomgangatho ophezulu lugcina ukusebenza kosasazo kwaye lukhusela amalungu alo angaphakathi ekonakalisweni kwangaphambi kwexesha kunye nokuwohloka.
Indima ye-viscosity yamanzi kunye neteknoloji eyongezelelweyo
Ukwenziwa kolwelo lokuhanjiswa kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwi-viscosity kunye nezongezo, eziphucula ukusebenza kunye nobomi obude benkqubo esetyenziswayo. Ubunzima bolwelo bubalulekile njengoko buchaza ukuba bunokuhamba kakuhle kangakanani na kwaye bubonelele ngokuthambisa kwiindawo zothumelo, ngakumbi xa amaqondo obushushu eguquguquka. Ulwelo olunamanqanaba afanelekileyo e-viscosity luyimfuneko kutshintsho lweegiya ezingenamthungo kunye nokunciphisa ukungqubana phakathi kwamacandelo, ukuthintela ubushushu obugqithisileyo kunye noxinzelelo lomatshini ngaphakathi kokuhanjiswa.
Itekhnoloji eyongezelelweyo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwandiseni iimpawu zolwelo. Izongezo eziqhelekileyo ziquka izilungisi zokukhuhlana, izicoci, izisasazi, kunye nee-anti-wear agents. I-Friction modifiers inciphisa ukudityaniswa kwentsimbi ukuya kwintsimbi ngaphakathi kokuhanjiswa, okukhokelela ekutshintsheni okugudileyo kunye nokunciphisa ukuguga kumacandelo. Izicoci kunye ne-dispersants zinceda ukugcina ukucoceka kolwelo ngokuthintela i-sludge kunye ne-varnish buildup, enokuphazamisa umsebenzi wokusasaza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ii-conditioners ze-Seal nazo zibalulekile, njengoko zinceda ukuvuselela amatywina okuguga ngaphakathi kwenkqubo, ukuthintela ukuvuza kunye nokugcina uxinzelelo lwe-fluid, ngakumbi kwi-high-mileage transmissions.
Iintlobo zolwelo oluphambili kunye neempawu zazo
Ulwelo losasazo lwe-Synthetic
I-Synthetic transmission fluids ifumene ukuthandwa kwimarike ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo ebalaseleyo. Uyilo olukhethekileyo lwala manzi lubavumela ukuba babambe i-viscosity kunye nokuzinza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokushisa, okwenza ukuba zilungele izithuthi ezinyamezela iimeko ezifana nokubanda okukhulu okanye ukushisa okukhulu. Ukwakheka kweekhemikhali ezintsonkothileyo zolwelo zibandakanya izongezo, njengezilungisi zokukhuhlana kunye neearhente ezichasene nokunxiba, ezisebenza kunye ukunciphisa amanqanaba okukhuhlana, ukunciphisa ukuguga kothumelo, kunye nokwandisa ubomi bolwelo. Oku kunceda ukwenza utshintsho lwegiya lube lula kwaye luphucule uqoqosho lwamafutha ngelixa ukhusela iindawo zothumelo.
Ukongeza, ii-artificial transmission fluids zikhethwa ngenxa yamathuba azo enkonzo. Ngokungafaniyo nolwelo oluwohlokayo ngokukhawuleza, i-synthetics inobomi obude, okubangela utshintsho oluncinci lwamanzi kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokugcinwa. Umthamo wolwelo ukuxhathisa ukophuka kobushushu kunye nokugcina ukuthambisa naphantsi kweemeko ezinzima ngumba obalulekileyo onegalelo ekuthandeni kwabo kwiimarike ezigxininisa uzinzo kunye nokusebenza ngempumelelo.
Ulwelo oluzenzekelayo lokudlulisela
Ulwelo oluzenzekelayo lokuhambisa (ii-ATF) zikwimarike kuba ziqinisekisa ukutshintshwa kweegiya ezigudileyo kwaye zonyusa amanqanaba okusebenza kwesithuthi ngokubanzi. Ziyilelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zosasazo oluzenzekelayo oluxhomekeke kakhulu kuguquguquko oluchanekileyo lolwelo ukuze lusebenze ngokugqibeleleyo. Ezi ziselo ziqulethe izongezo ezinciphisa ukukhuhlane kwaye ziphucule uzinzo loxinzelelo. Oku kwenza ukuba utshintsho lwegiya olungenamsebenzi kwaye luthobe amathuba okushisa kakhulu ngexesha lomthwalo onzima.
Ukuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kwimixube ye-ATF kujolise ekuphuculeni ukomelela kobushushu kunye nokuxhathisa kwi-oxidation ngelixa uphucula amandla okungcola ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kweenkqubo zothumelo kwithuba elide lokusetyenziswa. Ngolu gxininiso engqondweni, ii-ATF ziye zaba ngamacandelo aphambili kwizithuthi kunye neelori zorhwebo ezigxininisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo.
Usulelo oluqhubekayo (CVT) ulwelo
Ulwelo lwe-CVT luye lwanda ukuduma kwimarike ngenxa yokunyuka kobuchwephesha be-CVT kwizithuthi ezijolise ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwamafutha kunye namava okuqhuba atyibilikayo xa kuthelekiswa nolwelo losasazo lwesintu. Ulwelo lwe-CVTS luyilwe ngokukodwa luneempawu ezilungiselelwe iinkqubo ze-CVTS ezisebenzisa iibhanti neepuli endaweni yeegiya zoluhlu olugudileyo lomlinganiselo wesantya. Le fomula ikhethekileyo ibalulekile ekuthinteleni imiba yokutyibilika kunye nokulawula ubushushu ngelixa ugcina ukusebenza kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokuqhuba.
Ulwelo oluzenzekelayo losasazo lukwabandakanya umxube wezongezelelo ezigugileyo kunye nezizinzisi ze-thermal ezixhasa ukuqina kolwelo naphantsi kweemeko ezicela umngeni, ukwandisa ubomi bosulelo kunye nokuncipha kweemfuno zogcino. Lo mgangatho uzenza zilungele iimoto ezifumana i-traffic stop-and-go okanye eziqhutywa kwisetingi zedolophu ezinotshintsho lwesantya rhoqo. Ukwanda kwesidingo sothumelo lolwelo kubonakalisa ugxininiso jikelele lwecandelo ekuphuhliseni izithuthi ezinikezela ngokusebenza bhetele kwamafutha kunye namanqanaba asezantsi okukhutshwayo.
isiphelo
Ukukhetha ulwelo olugqibeleleyo lothumelo kuphucula indlela esisebenza ngayo isithuthi sakho kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba ukutshintshwa kwegiya akukho mthungo ngelixa kusandiswa ubomi benkqubo yothumelo. Iindlela zemarike zangoku zika-2025 zigxininisa iinketho ecaleni kwee-auto transmission fluids (ATFs) kunye nosulelo oluqhubekayo oluguquguqukayo (CVTs), ezigqama njengezidumileyo ngenxa yeempawu zazo eziphambili kunye nokuhambelana nobuchwepheshe bezithuthi bale mihla. Iingcali zeshishini kufuneka zihambelane neentsingiselo kunye nezinto ezintsha kubuchwepheshe njengoko zinokuphembelela kakhulu ukusebenza kunye nokuthembeka kwezithuthi ngokujongana neemfuno ezizodwa zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zothumelo kunye nokusebenzisa ulwelo oluphezulu oluhambelanayo kunye nomgangatho ophezulu.
