Imithetho ye-De minimis ixhasa kakhulu amashishini kunye nabantu abangenisa izinto eziphantsi kwexabiso eliphantsi ukwenzela ukuba iindleko zabo zokungenisa ziphantsi, kwaye inkqubo yenziwe lula. Ngapha koko, "i-De Minimis" libinzana lesiLatini eliguqulela "umthetho awukhathali ngezinto ezincinci."
Ixabiso le-de minimis lorhwebo libeka umda ukuze iimpahla eziphantsi kwelo xabiso zingatsali rhafu okanye imisebenzi. Ikwanciphisa umthwalo wolawulo kwiCustoms kunye nabasemagunyeni okungenisa impahla ngaphandle.
Eli nqaku liza kuchaza indlela i-de minimis esebenza ngayo kunye nemithetho emva kwayo.
Isiqulatho
Yintoni iCandelo 321 exemption (aka de minimis)?
Iimpembelelo ze-de minimis kwi-e-commerce
De minimis ubume kunye nembonakalo
Amazwi okugqibela
Yintoni iCandelo 321 exemption (aka de minimis)?
I-US ichaza i-minimis kummiselo wayo, iCandelo le-321, i-19, i-USC 1321, njengendlela yokubonelela ngokungena kwempahla ngaphandle kwerhafu ebekiweyo okanye iinkcukacha. Ukuze ufaneleke, ixabiso elidityanisiweyo lokuthengisa lempahla ethunyelwe ngumntu omnye ngosuku akufunekanga libe ngaphezu komda wexabiso le-deminimis. Izinto zorhwebo ezingaphantsi kwexabiso le-deminimis nazo aziyi kukhululeka kwiinkqubo ezininzi zokukhutshwa (oko kukuthi, “ukungena ngokungekho sikweni”).
Umda wexabiso
I-deminimis value threshold iyahluka ngokwelizwe. I-United States ibeka imisebenzi kwizinto zorhwebo ezingaphezu kwe-US $800. Lo mda wexabiso wawudla ngokuba yi-US $200 ngaphambi kowama-2016, kodwa urhulumente wase-US wawandisa phantsi koMthetho woLungelelwaniso loRhwebo kunye noNyanzeliso loRhwebo (TFTEA).
Iinzuzo zokuxolelwa kwiCandelo 321
Ukunyuka kwe-exemption yase-US kwinqanaba lezinto ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kunceda ukuququzelela urhwebo, ngakumbi kumashishini aphakathi kunye namancinci. Ikhawulezisa ukukhutshwa kwempahla kunye nokuhanjiswa, okuthi, ekuhambeni kwexesha, kuxhamle amashishini kunye nabathengi bokugqibela.
Ukongeza, ukunyuka kwe-minimis kunceda ukunciphisa iindleko zokungenisa ixabiso eliphantsi lokuthunyelwa kwe-US
Esinye isiphumo sokunyuka kwe-minimis threshold yayikukunyuka kwe-e-commerce entsha ye-B2C kunye ne-B2B izicwangciso, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, imveliso, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwabathengi.
De minimis iinkqubo zokungena
Amashishini angangenisa iimpahla ezixabisa i-US $800 okanye ngaphantsi e-US ngaphandle kwe-“eManifest” okanye ukungena ngokusesikweni. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba imeko ifuna i-eManifest, kubandakanywa ngenjongo yokulandelela ukuthunyelwa kwenkunkuma enobungozi, le nkqubo ilandelayo iyakusebenza ukubhengeza e-US. Amasiko kunye noKhuselo lweMida (CBP) ukuba kukho iCandelo 321 exempted item efakiweyo.
- Okokuqala, amashishini kufuneka akhethe uhlobo lokuthunyelwa kwe-“Section 321” ngaphakathi kwe-ACE eManifest.
- Emva koko, kufuneka bafake inombolo yabo yokulawula ukuthunyelwa kwempahla.
- Kwakhona, kufuneka bongeze iinkcukacha zempahla yorhwebo, kubandakanya umthumeli, umthumeli, impahla yorhwebo, ixabiso, kunye nelizwe lemvelaphi.
- Okokugqibela, kufuneka bangenise i-eManifest kwi-US CBP.
Ngaphaya koko, abathumeli bamazwe angaphandle kufuneka baxhobise abathwali babo ngeenkcukacha eziyimfuneko zeCandelo 321 kunye namaphepha, ekuya kufuneka ukuba anikezelwe kwabasemagunyeni xa beceliwe.
Iimpembelelo ze-de minimis kwi-e-commerce
Ukukhula okubonakalayo kwexabiso eliphantsi lokuthunyelwa kwe-e-commerce kwiminyaka yakutshanje
The e-commerce icandelo loqoqosho lwase-US libone ukukhula okubonakalayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. UMorgan Stanley uqikelela ixabiso leli candelo kwi-US $ 3.3 yetriliyoni kwaye iprojekthi ifikelela kwi-US $ 5.4 yetriliyoni ngo-2026. Imikhwa yabathengi iyakhula njengoko abantu abaninzi bewonwabela amandla okuthenga kwi-Intanethi. Oku kuqhubela phambili kwemisebenzi yezoqoqosho kukhuthaze ukwanda komthamo wexabiso eliphantsi, izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwangexesha.
Abathengi abathengi nje kwi-intanethi kodwa nakumazwe angaphandle. NgokukaMcKinsey, ngo-2020 wabona i-9.3 yeebhiliyoni zeebhiliyoni zee-odolo zokuwela imida, kunye neepesenti ezingama-60 kunxibelelwano. Emva kokuncipha okuthile, icandelo le-e-commerce libone olunye utyando, ngenxa yokonyuka okubukhali kokuhanjiswa kwezizwe ngezizwe.
I-De minimis yinto ephawulekayo, njengoko amashishini amaninzi azimisele ukuthumela iimpahla zexabiso eliphantsi phantsi kwexabiso lexabiso.
Uvavanyo lwedatha lwe-CBP yeCandelo lama-321 kunye novavanyo lwe-Entry Type 86
Ngaphantsi kokubonelelwa kweCandelo 321, kwaye ngokubhekiselele ekukhuleni okubonakalayo kwi-e-commerce ephantsi kwexabiso eliphantsi kwiminyaka yamuva nje, i-US CBP yazisa i-Voluntary Section 321 Data Pilot. Abathathi-nxaxheba bale nkqubo banokuthumela idatha ethile malunga nokungeniswa kweCandelo 321 kwangaphambili.
Olu vavanyo lwedatha lujolise ekuphuculeni amandla e-US CBP ekujoliseni nasekuhlalutyeni imingcipheko yokhuseleko enxulumene nokuthunyelwa kweCandelo 321. Le nkqubo yayicetywe ekuqaleni ukuba iqhube iminyaka emi-2 kwaye ngoku iza kuqhuba ngo-Agasti ka-2023 ukuze kuhlolwe rhoqo kunye novavanyo lomngcipheko.
De minimis ubume kunye nembonakalo
De minimis amaxabiso kwihlabathi jikelele
Ixabiso le-de minimis liyohluka ngokwelizwe elingenisayo. Umzekelo, eOstreliya, imisebenzi kunye neerhafu ziqala ukusebenza emva kwe-AU $1,000 yokuqala. ECanada, ixabiso le-de minimis liqhelekileyo CA $20.
Amanye amazwe abeka ixabiso lawo le-minimis lisezantsi njenge-US $5. Ixabiso eliphakathi eYurophu limalunga ne-US $190. Ngokusekelwe kwiingxelo ze-ITA, i-56% yabemi behlabathi baye babonisa ukuba baya kwenza ukuthenga okungakumbi ukuba imisebenzi isusiwe okanye iyancipha.
Uhlaziyo lwemithetho yase-US/iziphakamiso zokuguqula okanye ukuphelisa uxolelo lwe-minimis
UMthetho we-HR6412 woKhuseleko noBulungisa
Ukukhululwa kwecandelo lama-321 kuthintelwe imida phantsi komthetho oyilwayo ocetywayo ngo-2022. UMthetho woKhuseleko nokuFaneka koMthetho (HR 6412) wazama ukukhuphela ngaphandle ukusetyenziswa komgaqo we-deminimis ngokungenisa impahla ngaphandle ngokuxhomekeke kuluhlu lweerhafu zeCandelo lama-301, ingakumbi amakhulu eebhiliyoni zeedola zokungeniswa ngaphandle kwe-China.
Ngokukodwa, umthetho uvala ukusetyenziswa kweCandelo 321 ukuxolelwa kwezi mveliso zilandelayo:
- Impahla ephantsi kweCandelo 232 kunye neCandelo 301 lokunyanzeliswa kwezenzo.
- Izinto zorhwebo ezisuka kumazwe angengawo amashishini kunye nakuluhlu lokubukela lwamalungelo epropathi yomenzi we-US yorhwebo.
- Impahla evela kubarhwebi abathintelweyo okanye abanqunyanyisiweyo.
- Izinto ezithengiweyo zigutyungelwe ngeodolo enye egqithiselwe ngosasazo okanye indawo yokulungisa.
Sithetha nje, esi siphakamiso sisekwinqanaba lokwaziswa kwiNdlu kwaye sisaza kupasiswa yiNdlu yabaMeli.
I-HR4521 yaseMelika iKhuphisana noMthetho
I-US House of Representatives, ngoFebruwari 2022, ivume i-America Competes Act, enoluhlu olubanzi lwezibonelelo ezinxulumene norhwebo oluchaphazela kakhulu uluntu lwezorhwebo.
Kwakhona, injongo ephambili yayikukunciphisa imingcipheko emininzi, kubandakanywa ukukhululwa kweCandelo le-321 elivumela iibhiliyoni zeebhiliyoni zorhwebo ukuba zingabonakali. Umthetho oyilwayo wenze olu hlaziyo lulandelayo ukulungisa i-de minimis:
- Lo mthetho unqanda iimpahla ezivela kumazwe angekho phantsi kwentengiso nakwi-USTR's watchlist ukuba yonwabele i-minimis tariff kunye nonyango lokungena.
- Ngesi senzo, i-US Customs iya kuqokelela ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokuhanjiswa kwe-de minimis kunye nebhlokhi enqunyanyisiweyo okanye ethintelweyo abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle.
Lo mthetho uyilwayo uphumelele iNdlu kunye neSenethi; okwangoku iphantsi kwenqanaba lokusombulula iyantlukwano kwaye isaza kuvunywa ukuba ibe ngumthetho.
imbonakalo
Ngokusekelwe kwiinkcukacha-manani ezisemthethweni ze-US CBP, ixabiso lilonke lokungeniswa elichazwe phantsi koxolelo lweCandelo 321 ngo-2021, ngokusekwe kwii-BOL, lafikelela kwi-US $771.5 yezigidi, ukunyuka kwama-21% ukusuka ngo-2020.
Nangona i-de minimis inika ithuba elihle kumashishini afanelekileyo kunye nabathengi, ifumana iinkxalabo ezithile zorhwebo kurhulumente wase-US kunye namashishini. Ngenxa yoko, ezinye izindululo zowiso-mthetho ziye zaziswa ukuze kulungiswe umgaqo okhoyo ngoku weCandelo lama-321. Ngelixa kungekho zinguqu zangoko zilindelekileyo, ezinye zezi zilungiso zinokudlula kwimithetho yase-US.
Amazwi okugqibela
Ubonelelo lwe-US de minimis yindlela efanelekileyo yokuququzelela imisebenzi yorhwebo kumashishini amancinci. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda kunye nokulandela ngokuchanekileyo iimfuno ze-US CBP ezisekwe kule nkqubo. Iindleko zokungathobeli zingaba phezulu.
Ngaba ujonge isisombululo solungiselelo kunye namaxabiso okukhuphisana, ukubonakala okupheleleyo, kunye nenkxaso yomthengi efikelelekayo? Jonga i Chovm.com Logistics Marketplace namhlanje.
