Kwabaninzi, ixesha lokuhamba lelona xesha lifanelekileyo lokususa uthuli lweencwadana zabo zokundwendwela ekudala zingasetyenziswa kwaye bajikeleze ihlabathi.Eli xesha liphakamileyo lokuba abantu bawasebenzise ngokupheleleyo amalungelo abawafumanayo ngeencwadana zabo zokundwendwela lifana kakhulu nendlela iimveliso ezingena ngayo kwimida yamazwe ngamazwe ezifuna iSatifikethi sokuThotyelwa (CoC).
Ngaphandle kwe-CoC, iimveliso zinokubambeka emdeni, zingakwazi ukuqhubeka-ngokufana kakhulu nendlela umhambi anokuthi amiswe ngayo ngaphandle kwepaspoti efanelekileyo. Funda ukuze ufumane intsingiselo kunye namacandelo aphambili eSatifikethi sokuThotyelwa, usetyenziso lwaso oluphambili, kunye neenzuzo.
Isiqulatho
Intshayelelo yeSatifikethi sokuThobela
Amacandelo kunye neemfuno eziphambili
Izicelo kunye neziphumo zeSatifikethi sokuThotyelwa
Isiqinisekiso sokuthobela
Intshayelelo yeSatifikethi sokuThobela
ISatifikethi sokuThotyelwa (CoC), esikwabizwa ngokuba 'yiSatifikethi sokuThotyelwa' okanye 'iSatifikethi sokuThotyelwa,' luxwebhu lwesiqinisekiso esiqinisekisa ukuba imveliso iyahlangabezana nemigangatho ethile. Ngokuqhelekileyo ikhutshwa ngumvelisi, umrhwebi, ilabhoratri ezimeleyo eqinisekisiweyo, okanye umntu wesithathu onegunya lokuqinisekisa, ngokusisiseko nalo naliphi na iqela eligunyazisiweyo elikwaziyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso ithobela ummiselo ofunekayo, ukhuseleko, kunye neemeko zobugcisa.
I-CoC luxwebhu olubalulekileyo lokungenisa iimpahla, nangona iluxwebhu olusisinyanzelo okanye hayi lunokwahluka. Ngokuxhomekeke kwingingqi kunye nohlobo lwemveliso, ingaba ngokuzithandela okanye isinyanzelo. Kwimeko apho yenziwe uxwebhu olusisinyanzelo, iimfuno ezikhethekileyo ze-CoC zohluka kwilizwe ukuya kwelinye kunye nemveliso ukuya kwimveliso, okuthetha ukuba asikho esinye, isatifikethi esisebenzayo kwihlabathi jikelele esibandakanya onke amazwe kunye neemveliso.
Kwimimandla okanye kumazwe apho iSatifikethi sokuThobela siyimfuneko, i-CoC kufuneka ingeniswe kwaye ivunywe ngaphambi kokuba iimveliso ezichaphazelekayo zingene kwimarike, ziqinisekise ukuba zithobela umgangatho kunye nemigangatho efunekayo. Ngamanye amazwi, ii-CoCs zibalulekile njengeemfuno zomthetho okanye njengomlinganiselo wokuqinisekisa umgangatho ocelwe ngabathengi.
Amacandelo kunye neemfuno eziphambili
Nangona kucacile ukuba amazwe ahlukeneyo anoluhlu lwawo lwamacandelo aphambili kunye neemfuno zeSatifikethi sokuThotyelwa, oku kulandelayo zezinye zezona mfuno ziqhelekileyo kunye namacandelo aphambili asebenzayo kwingingqi ezahlukeneyo:
I) Ukuchongwa kwemveliso/iinkcazelo
Okokuqala nokuphambili, iSatifikethi sokuQhubelana kufuneka sidwelise ngokucacileyo inkcazo yemveliso eneenkcukacha, ekufuneka ibandakanye inombolo yayo yomfuziselo, inombolo yothotho, kunye nezinye iinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo. Ezi nkcukacha zemveliso zibanzi zibalulekile kwiinjongo zokuchonga imveliso kwaye zonke iinkcukacha kufuneka zingqinelane nemveliso kunye nesatifikethi ngokufanelekileyo.
II) Isazisi somrhwebi kumazwe angaphandle okanye somvelisi
Ngaphandle kokuchongwa kwemveliso, ukuchongwa kwemveliso evela kumazwe angaphandle okanye umvelisi kubalulekile ngokulinganayo ekuchazeni igama, idilesi, kunye neenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano zenkampani. Eyona mfuneko, nangona kunjalo, inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwilizwe okanye ummandla. Umzekelo, i-EU ivumela iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano zommeli ogunyazisiweyo womenzi ukuba zibandakanywe kwi Isibhengezo sokuVumelana (DoC), oluluxwebhu olulinganayo neSatifikethi sokuThobela.
III) Ulwazi lwenkqubo yovavanyo
ISatifikethi sokuThotyelwa kufuneka sibandakanye ulwazi olufanelekileyo lokuvavanya ukubonisa ukuthotyelwa okufunekayo. Kufuneka inike iinkcukacha ngenkqubo yovavanyo, kubandakanywa imihla, iindawo, kunye neenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano zequmrhu lovavanyo, ezifana nelebhu yovavanyo yomntu wesithathu okanye iziko elibandakanyekayo. Ezinye iimfuno ze-CoC zikwafuna ukufakwa kweenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano zomntu onoxanduva lokugcina iirekhodi zeziphumo zovavanyo. Ngokomzekelo, i ISatifikethi sokuThobela ngokuBanzi eUnited States ifuna oku, ngelixa i-EU's DoC ikwagunyazisa ukubandakanywa kweziphumo zovavanyo ezigqityiweyo kwi amaxwebhu obugcisa anxulumeneyo.
IV) Imigangatho nemimiselo esebenzayo
I-CoC kufuneka kwakhona ibandakanye yonke imigangatho esebenzayo kunye neenkcukacha ezithotyelwa yimpahla, njenge-ISO okanye isiqinisekiso se-CE ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa okuchanekileyo kunye nemimiselo yokhuseleko efanelekileyo kunye nemigangatho. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu njengoko ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela imimiselo kunye nemigangatho efanelekileyo kunokukhokelela ekugcinweni kwemveliso kwizithethe, okanye umngcipheko waliwe okanye ukhunjulwe.
V) Umhla nendawo yokwenziwa kwemveliso
Ngaphandle kweenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano zabavelisi, kubalulekile ngokulinganayo ukubandakanya umhla wokwenziwa kwemveliso kunye nedilesi yeziko lokuvelisa, kubandakanywa isixeko kunye nelizwe. Ezi ziziqwengana zolwazi ezifunekayo zokuqinisekisa ukungafihli kunye nokulandeleka, zombini zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthotyelwa.
VI) Isayinwe ngumntu ogunyazisiweyo
Amanye amagunya, afana ne-DoC ye-EU, afuna ukuba umntu ogunyazisiweyo asayine i-CoC ukubhengeza ukuba imveliso iyahambelana nayo yonke imigangatho ye-EU efanelekileyo. Uqinisekiso olusesikweni olunjalo lubalulekile ekuphenduleni kuthungelwano lwekhonkco lonikezelo.
VII) Ukugcinwa kweerekhodi
Amanye amazwe akwachaza elona xesha lincinci lokugcinwa kweerekhodi kumacandelo aphambili e-CoC, elichaza ukuba kufuneka zigcinwe ixesha elingakanani na zonke iirekhodi ezifanelekileyo ngumenzi okanye umrhwebi. Umzekelo, ngokuhambelana nomthetho wemida wokumangalela izohlwayo zase-United States, iSatifikethi sokuThobela e-US sifuna abavelisi kunye nabathumeli bangaphandle bagcine iirekhodi ze-CoC kunye namaxwebhu ahambelanayo ubuncinci iminyaka emihlanu.
Izicelo kunye neziphumo zeSatifikethi sokuThotyelwa
Umahluko kwingingqi/yelizwe kwiimfuno
Kuba iimeko ezahlukeneyo zolawulo zinokubeka iimfuno ezahlukeneyo kwii-CoCs ezahlukeneyo, ngokuxhomekeke kumazwe kunye nemimandla ebandakanyekayo, imveliso enye inokugqibela ineenguqulelo ezininzi zee-CoCs.
I-EU, i-USA, kunye neGulf Cooperation Council (GCC) ziphakathi kweminye imimandla kunye namazwe enza i-CoC ibe luxwebhu olusisinyanzelo xa ungenisa iimpahla ukuqinisekisa ukuba ezo mveliso zithobela umgangatho okhethekileyo kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko efunwa yimimandla yabo. Umzekelo, ii-electronics zabathengi ezithengiswa ngaphakathi kwi-European Economic Area (EEA) kufuneka zibe nazo Ukumakishwa kweConformité Européenne (CE). ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemiyalelo ye-EU.
Iimfuno zesatifikethi ezisekelwe kubume bemveliso
Ngeli xesha, i-CoC inokufunwa kuphela xa ungenisa iimveliso ezithile. Umzekelo, kwimarike US, i Imithetho ye-GCC zisebenza ngokukodwa kwiimveliso ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Ezi zinto zibandakanya izinto ezifana noomatrasi neebhayisekile, zonke ezo kufuneka zihambelane nemithetho esebenzayo yokhuseleko lwemveliso.
Kwelinye icala, xa ungenisa izinto ezinobungozi obuphezulu okanye iimveliso ezibaluleke kakhulu njengeemoto, abathengi bahlala becela i-CoC. Ngokwendalo, ezi mveliso zibuthathaka ziza nokuhlolwa okungqongqo kunye nokwahluka okubalulekileyo kwengingqi. Umzekelo, iimfuno ze-CoC kwiimoto kwi- i-USA kwaye Japhan zinokwahluka kakhulu. Lo mahluko ugxininisa ngakumbi ukubaluleka kokuqonda imimiselo yasekhaya ukuze kuthintelwe ukulibaziseka okunokubakho kunye nokuphazamiseka kokukhutshwa kwempahla ephuma kumazwe angaphandle.
Ukukhusela abathengi kunye nokwakha ukuthembana
Lilonke, xa abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle beqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla ziyahlangabezana nomgangatho ofunekayo kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko kwimakethi ekujoliswe kuyo nge-CoC, bakhusela abathengi ngokungangqalanga ngelixa benceda ukuseka kunye nokwandisa ukuthembana phakathi kwabavelisi kunye nabathengi.
Ngokusisiseko, i-CoC inceda ukukhulisa ukuzithemba kwabathengi kwaye yomeleza intembeko yohlobo, igxininisa ukubaluleka kokhuseleko lwabathengi njengomba ophambili wokuthotyelwa kwe-CoC, ngakumbi kwiimveliso ezithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle kwiimarike ezilawulwayo njenge-USA kunye ne-EU.
Ukusilela kokuthotyelwa kunye neziphumo zako
Ngalo lonke uvavanyo oluyimfuneko kunye namaxwebhu abandakanyekayo, inkqubo yokuqinisekisa i-CoC enyanzelekileyo inokuba nde kwaye intsonkothe. Ubunzima obunjalo buhlala bukhokelela kuxinzelelo lwezemali, ngakumbi xa umrhwebi okanye umenzi-mveliso esilela ukungenisa i-CoC esebenzayo okanye xa besilela ukuthobela iimfuno ezithile ezithile, ezifana neenkcukacha zolwimi.
Kwimeko embi kakhulu, imveliso inokuthatyathwa kumasiko, ifumane imali, okanye ixhomekeke ekukhunjweni ngenxa yokungahambelani nokhuseleko olufunekayo okanye imigangatho yokulawula. Ekugqibeleni, amashishini kufuneka aqonde ukuba ukungakwazi ukubonisa i-CoC esebenzayo kunokukhokelela kumatyala amakhulu emali nawomthetho.
Isiqinisekiso sokuthobela
ISatifikethi sokuThotyelwa (CoC) siqinisekisa ukuba imveliso iyahlangabezana nomgangatho ofunekayo kunye nomgangatho yakuba idluliselwe kulo lonke uhlolo oluyimfuneko. Amazwe kunye nemimandla eyahlukeneyo inokumisela iimfuno ezahlukeneyo ze-CoC, nangona i-CoC ingeyomfuneko kuwo onke amazwe. Ngokubanzi, i-CoC kufuneka ibandakanye inkcazo yemveliso eneenkcukacha, iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano zomrhwebi okanye umenzi, kunye neenkcukacha malunga nenkqubo yovavanyo, njengendawo, umhla, kunye neenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano zequmrhu lovavanyo kwihlabathi liphela.
Iimfuno zolawulo zengingqi okanye zesizwe kunye nobume bendalo bemveliso zinempembelelo enkulu kwindlela i-CoC esetyenziswa ngayo kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isebenza njengoxwebhu lwengqinisekiso yokuthotyelwa, ibethelela ukuthembela kubathengi nakumashishini malunga nomgangatho wemveliso ngelixa ikwakhusela kwizinto ezingekho mgangathweni.
