Urhulumente waseRashiya uye waqhubeka nokuxhasa uphuhliso kunye nokukhula kwemarike koomatshini ukoyisa izohlwayo zezoqoqosho ezivela eNtshona. Le nkxaso ibikho ngemigaqo-nkqubo yenkxaso-mali ekhokelela kwimarike yeemoto, elungiselelwe ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zoomatshini.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuhla kwamaxabiso eoyile ekrwada kunye nokuhla koqoqosho lwehlabathi ukusuka kubhubhane, ungquzulwano lwengingqi kunye neUkraine, kunye nezohlwayo ezikhulu zichaphazela kakubi ukusetyenziswa koomatshini eRussia.
Ngaphandle kokungenisa oomatshini kumazwe angaphandle, iRashiya ikwathumela ngaphandle izixhobo zayo zobunjineli boomatshini. Ukuthunyelwa koomatshini kwamanye amazwe yenye yezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-energy kunye nezingezo-zobutyebi, okwesibini ngobukhulu kunokulima.
Eli nqaku lijongana neemarike zoomatshini boshishino eRussia, ezibandakanya ezolimo, imigodi kunye noomatshini bokwakha.
Oomatshini bezolimo eRashiya
Umhlaba ochumileyo wokulima ugubungela malunga ne-220 yezigidi zeehektare zomhlaba waseRussia, phantse i-20% yomhlaba ochumileyo wehlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, 87% lwalo mhlaba alulinywa, lubonisa ukuba ishishini loomatshini bezolimo linamandla okukhula eRashiya.
Kwikota yesibini ka-2022, icandelo lezolimo libe negalelo 638.90 RUB yeBhiliyoni ukuya kwi-GDP, ukunyuka okubalulekileyo kwi-448.70 RUB yeBhiliyoni yegalelo kwikota yokuqala.
Nangona kunjalo, iRashiya isenazo izixhobo zolimo kunye noomatshini abaneleyo, nto leyo ethintela amandla ayo okwandisa imveliso. Ukwandisa imveliso yezolimo, urhulumente ukhuthaza amafama ukuba athenge iteknoloji ephucukileyo.
Ugxininiso olumandla ekwandiseni isivuno sasefama kuqhuba imfuno yoomatshini. Abavelisi bezixhobo zasefama bavuna lukhulu kwiinkuthazo zikarhulumente. Banokukhuthaza imveliso yasekhaya kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe koomatshini bezolimo.
Ngaphandle kwenkuthazo karhulumente, imakethi yoomatshini bezolimo baseRussia isajongene nemiceli mngeni emininzi, kubandakanya iindleko eziphezulu zetyala, iindleko eziphezulu zetrektara, kunye nokungaqiniseki kwezopolitiko. Amanye amafama anoloyiko lokutyala imali yawo kwiitrektara okanye koomatshini abatsha.
Ukukhula koomatshini bezolimo bokungenisa eRashiya
Kutshanje, iRussia ityale imali eninzi koomatshini abatsha bezolimo kunye nezixhobo ukongeza kwintsilelo yokwenziwa koomatshini belizwe.
Abavelisi bamazwe angaphandle banokuthumela izixhobo zabo ze-state-of-art kwizandla zamafama aseRashiya. Imarike yokungenisa oomatshini bezolimo baseRashiya yi ixabisa iUS $1.2 byezigidi, elinde abarhwebi abavela kwamanye amazwe ukuba baxhaphaze.
Iitrektara zithatha esona sabelo sikhulu se-US $741m, ngelixa oomatshini bokuvuna abafana nabavuni abadibeneyo bathatha i-US $505m. Kwaye i-US $ 427m eseleyo iya kwezinye izixhobo ezifana nezixhobo ze-greenhouse, iimbewu, amakhuba, iiharrow, njl.
Ikamva lemarike yoomatshini bezolimo eRashiya
Imakethi yoomatshini bezolimo baseRussia kulindeleke ukuba inyuke iye kuthi ga kwi-5.28 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngesantya sokukhula sonyaka (CAGR) ye-4.26% ngo-2024. Ziliqela izinto ezinxulunyaniswa nolu kukhula, kuquka:
- Ukwamkelwa kwamafama kubuchwephesha obuphambili ukuhlangabezana nemfuno ekhulayo yokutya
- Oomatshini abatsha abathatha indawo yobuchule bokulima bemveli
- Imfuno ephezulu yokuphuculwa kwemveliso, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokwamkelwa komatshini.
Iinkampani zezityalo zaseRashiya, amafama abucala, kunye ne-agro-holdings ngabathengi ababalulekileyo koomatshini bezolimo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba iRussia iya kuxhomekeka ekuboneleleni ngokutya ngo-2025.
Oomatshini bemigodi yeshishini eRashiya
IRashiya inobutyebi bezimbiwa, ineenkampani ezininzi zemigodi zikhupha iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo, i-bauxite, intsimbi ekrwada, amalahle kunye nedayimani.
Eli lizwe lelona lizwe liphambili ekuveliseni iidayimani ezirhabaxa ehlabathini. Ibe I-15% yemithombo yamalahle yehlabathi, iyibeka kwindawo yesibini kwihlabathi jikelele.
IRashiya ikwayi-2nd umvelisi omkhulu weplatinam emhlabeni. Kwaye ithatha i3rd isikhundla sokuvelisa igolide, intsimbi ekrwada kunye nelothe. Iinkampani ziphinda zemba ubhedu, i-nickel, i-cobalt, kunye namanye amatye anqabileyo.
La mathuba okumbiwa kwemigodi athetha ukuba iRashiya idinga izixhobo ezininzi zemigodi. Iinkcukacha-manani zibonisa ukuba ilizwe lithenga kumazwe angaphandle ngaphezulu kwama-50% oomatshini balo bemigodi.
Oku kubonelela ngamathuba oshishino athembisayo kubavelisi bezixhobo zemigodi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweRashiya.
Ukukhula koomatshini bemigodi abangeniswa eRashiya
Oomatshini abaninzi bemigodi bafunwa kakhulu eRashiya. Ngokomzekelo, izithuthi zombane zinokukhula okuphezulu kwishishini kuba zinciphisa i-carbon footprints kwaye ziphucula ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi basezimayini.
Ezinye iinkampani zikwayile izixhobo zokusebenza eziphantsi komhlaba njengezilayishi ezincinci ezineebhetri ze-lithium-ion ukuze ziqhubeke nokusebenza kunye nokuhamba okuphezulu.
Oomatshini bokwemba amalahle bafuneka kakhulu, kulandele izixhobo zokwembiwa kwesinyithi nezimbiwa.
Ikamva lemarike yoomatshini bemigodi eRashiya
Imakethi yoomatshini base-Russian yemigodi kulindeleke ukuba ikhule ngesantya sokukhula esihlanganisiweyo sonyaka (CAGR) ye-6% kwi-2022-2027.
Olu hlumo luqikelelwayo luqhutywa zizinto ezifana nezi:
- Ukwanda kwemfuno koomatshini bombane ngenxa imigodi ephantsi komhlaba
- Ukunyuka kwemfuno yezichumisi zezimbiwa ukukhuthaza isivuno sezolimo kweli lizwe
oomatshini bokwakha eRashiya
Urhulumente waseRashiya unemisebenzi emininzi yokwakha, ukusuka kwiindlela ukuya kwizakhiwo zokuhlala. Ngoko ke, oomatshini bokwakha basoloko befunwa kakhulu kweli lizwe.
Nangona kunjalo, ingxabano yelizwe kunye ne-Ukraine isongela inzuzo eyenziwe kwishishini. Ukongeza, izohlwayo ezivela eYurophu kunye nokurhoxiswa kwabadlali abaphambili bokwakha kuye kwalimaza ishishini.
I-Russia kufuneka yandise uthungelwano lwendlela, ngaloo ndlela inyusa imfuno yezixhobo ezinjengeeroli zendlela, ukulayita, abembi, kunye neelori.
Ukukhula koomatshini bokwakha bangeniswa eRashiya
Nangona ishishini lokwakha laseRussia lijongene nemingeni emininzi efana amazinga, ukunyuka kweendleko zezinto eziphathekayo, kunye nobhubhane, ishishini liye laqhubeka likhula.
Imibutho yabucala ngabatyali-zimali abakhulu kweli lizwe, inegalelo kwimisebenzi emikhulu yokwakha. IRashiya ke 3rd okhokelayo ongenisa oomatshini bokwakha, ukubonelela ngamathuba oshishino kubavelisi bangaphandle.
Ikamva koomatshini bokwakha eRashiya
Imakethi yoomatshini baseRussia kulindeleke ukuba ikhule ngesantya sokukhula sonyaka esihlanganisiweyo (CAGR) esingaphezulu kwe-2% ukusuka ngo-2023 ukuya ku-2026.
Oku kukhula kukhuthazwa sisicwangciso sikarhulumente sokutyala imali kwiziseko ezingundoqo, amandla ahlaziyekayo, kunye neeprojekthi zokwakha izindlu. Nangona kunjalo, intlekele yaseRussia-Ukraine inokuchaphazela olu qikelelo ukuba ukudodobala kuhlala ixesha elide.
Oomatshini bokwenza isinyithi
Imizi-mveliso yaseRashiya kunye namanye amashishini axhomekeke kakhulu koomatshini bokwenza isinyithi ukunceda ukwakha amacandelo esinyithi kwizicelo ezininzi.
Inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, kubandakanya i-automation kunye ne-Intanethi yeZinto, itshintsha ngokukhawuleza ishishini lokwenziwa kwesinyithi.
Ukucutshungulwa kwesinyithi yimarike enkulu, evumela abaqulunqi ukuba basebenzise izicwangciso ezizodwa zokuvelisa izinto ezisemgangathweni ngexabiso elincitshisiweyo.
Ukulungiswa kubandakanya ukuguba, ukuwelda, ukunyathela, ukubumba, ukwenza umatshini, ukucola nokugqibezela. Iimveliso zokugqibela okanye amacandelo asetyenziswa kumashishini amaninzi elizweni.
Ukukhula koomatshini bokwenza isinyithi kumazwe angaphandle eRashiya
Yonke ishishini elisebenzayo eRashiya lifuna amacandelo esinyithi ukuze atshintshe umatshini kunye nezinye izixhobo zokusebenza. Ishishini liyintsika yokuvelisa, imigodi, kunye nokwakhiwa, ngaloo ndlela ibonelela ngamathuba oshishino kubatyalo-mali abafuna i-niche ezinzileyo.
Nangona iRashiya isenza oomatshini abafunekayo ekusetyenzweni kwesinyithi, ikwathumela kwamanye amazwe oomatshini abaliqela ukongeza owayo. Ishishini loomatshini besinyithi lithuba elifanelekileyo lokutyala imali.
Ikamva loomatshini besinyithi eRashiya
Ubungakanani bemarike yaseRussia yoomatshini bokwenza isinyithi buqikelelwa kwiibhiliyoni zeedola ezinedijithi enye edityaniswe neqondo lokukhula lonyaka kwikamva elibonakalayo. Izixhobo zokwenziwa kwesinyithi kuqikelelwa ukuba ziya kwanda njengoko iRussia isiya kushishino.
Oomatshini bokutya
Ishishini lokutya kwezolimo likhula ngokukhawuleza eRashiya, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunyukeni komthamo wezixhobo zokutya. IRashiya liziko lokutya, urhulumente ugxile kwicandelo lezolimo ukukhusela abemi bakhona kwiingxaki zokutya.
Ugxininiso lukarhulumente waseRashiya kwimveliso yokutya lukhuthaza uphuhliso notyalo-mali kushishino lwezixhobo zokutya. Oku kuquka izixhobo zokugcina nokuphatha, izixhobo zokupheka, kunye nezixhobo zokulungiselela ukutya neziselo.
Ishishini elikhulayo lokwamkela iindwendwe kunye nokhenketho lihlala lisebenzisa esi sixhobo, kubandakanywa iihotele, iindawo zokutyela kunye namakhitshi ezorhwebo. Uninzi lweefektri zokutya zikwafuna iindawo zokugcina ezilawulwa ngamaqondo obushushu ukuze kugcinwe ukutya okonakalayo kusitsha, nto leyo enegalelo kuphuhliso lweshishini loomatshini bokutya.
Ukukhula koomatshini bokutya bangeniswa eRashiya
Abavelisi boomatshini bokutya banentengiso esebenzayo eRashiya ukuba amanani adlulileyo yinto ehamba ngayo.
Umzekelo, ngo-2020, ukungeniswa kweRussia koomatshini bokulungisa ukutya kwimizi-mveliso ifikelele kwi US $ 792, ukwenza ilizwe libe li-2nd othenga kumazwe angaphandle omkhulu kwaba matshini ehlabathini. Ezi mpahla zivela eNetherlands, eJamani, eItali, ePoland naseLithuania.
Izohlwayo ezivela kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu ngenxa yengxabano yaseUkraine zinokuchaphazela okwethutyana ukukhula koomatshini bokutya, kodwa imeko iya kubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo xa iphelile.
Ikamva koomatshini bokutya eRashiya
Imarike yoomatshini bokutya behlabathi kulindeleke ukuba ikhule ukusuka kwi-31.83 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ukuya kwi-39.16 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. I-CAGR ye-5.31% kwi-2022-2026.
Abemi baseRussia bayakhula, kwaye amandla abo ayaguquka, anegalelo kuphuhliso lomatshini wokutya ozenzekelayo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno. Ikamva liyathembisa kubarhwebi nabathumela ngaphandle kwezixhobo zokutya eRashiya.
Imarike yoomatshini bokupakisha
Imarike yoomatshini bokupakisha baseRussia iphakathi kwezona zinkulu emhlabeni, kodwa isakhula ukuhlangabezana nemfuno ekhulayo.
Njengoko ilizwe lisanda ngokuthe ngcembe imveliso yalo yamayeza kunye nokutya, imarike yoomatshini bokupakisha nayo iyakhula. Iinkampani zisebenzisa ukupakishwa ukukhusela iimveliso zabo kunye nokwazisa abathengi babo.
Ukukhula koomatshini bokupakisha abangeniswa eRashiya
Ukunyuka kwemfuno yokupakishwa komgangatho ophezulu kwilizwe kuye kwadala amathuba oshishino kwizixhobo zokupakisha kunye nabavelisi boomatshini. Imfuno inkulu kangangokuba iinkampani zomthonyama zingenako ukwanelisa, zibonelela ngemarike ekhulayo yabarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle.
Amazwe amaninzi athumela oomatshini bawo bokupakisha eRashiya ukuze bafumane umvuzo ongcono. Ishishini liya kuqhubeka likhula libe kwikamva elibonakalayo, livumela abatyali-mali ukuba bavune imbuyekezo entle yotyalo-mali.
Ikamva koomatshini bokupakisha eRashiya
Oomatshini bokupakisha baya kwanda eRussia njengoko iifektri kunye neenkampani zivelisa iimpahla kunye neenkonzo. Oomatshini abatsha abazenzekelayo bakwimfuno ephezulu njengoko iinkampani zijonge ukunciphisa utyalo-mali lwabasebenzi.
Njengoko amashishini aseRashiya ezolimo kunye nemveliso eqhubeka ekhula, ikamva lezixhobo zokupakisha liya kubonakala liqaqambile. Ezi fektri ziya kufuna izinto zokupakisha ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
isiphelo
Nangona iRussia ibandakanyeka kungquzulwano kunye neUkraine, imarike yoomatshini bayo iyanda. Ukusuka koomatshini bezoLimo ukuya kwimigodi, ukwakhiwa, ukusetyenzwa kwesinyithi, ukutya, kunye noomatshini bokupakisha, iRussia inika ithuba elihle lokutyala imali kubarhwebi nabarhwebi. Kukho imfuneko enkulu yaba matshini kweli lizwe, nto leyo ethembisa imbuyekezo ephezulu kutyalo-mali.
