Nangona uninzi lwabantu lunokuba nombono ongacacanga wendlela ethandwa ngayo urhwebo lwe-e-commerce, abaninzi bebengenakukwazi ukulindela uphuhliso lwayo olukhulu kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo. Intengiso ye-E-commerce e-US ngo-2021 inyuke ngaphezulu kwe-50% xa kuthelekiswa no-2019, ukubetha irekhodi-yophula i-870 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. Idatha yokuthengisa i-e-commerce yokuthengisa iye yanda ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokuqhubekayo kumhlaba wonke njengokuba. Kucingelwa ukuba ngo-2026, iya kufikelela kwi-8.1 yezigidigidi zeedola ngenxa yesantya sokukhula esikhawulezayo sama-56% ukusukela ngo-2021.
Ukukhula okubonakalayo kwishishini le-e-commerce ngokuqinisekileyo kunceda ukuphakamisa onke amanye amashishini anxulumene ne-peripheral, afana Ukupakisha kwe-e-commerce kunye neshishini lolungiselelo. Inyaniso, iingcali zeshishini cinga ukuba ukusebenza ngamandla kwempahla yothutho elwandle kwihlabathi ngo-2021, ngakumbi i-LCL- Ngaphantsi koThutho lweKhonteyina, iqhutywa ikakhulu kukukhula okuthe gqolo kophuhliso lwe-e-commerce lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ukufumana uluvo olungcono malunga nokuba yintoni na i-LCL, isebenza njani, iingenelo kunye neengozi zayo kunye nomahluko wayo xa kuthelekiswa neFCL- indlela yokuLawulwa kweSikhongozeli esigcweleyo, kunye nokhetho lwayo lweendleko, masingene ngaphakathi ukuze sifumane iinkcukacha.
Isiqulatho
Inkcazo yomthwalo ongaphantsi kune-container-(LCL)
Ngaphantsi kwenkqubo yokuthumela ngenqanawa yomthwalo
Ngaphantsi komthwalo wesikhongozeli okulungileyo & nokubi
Ngaphantsi komthwalo wesikhongozeli vs umthwalo ogcweleyo wesikhongozeli - ungakhetha njani?
Ngaphantsi kweendleko zomthwalo wesikhongozeli
Isishwankathelo esikhawulezayo
Inkcazo yomthwalo ongaphantsi kune-container-(LCL)
Ngaphantsi komthwalo wesikhongozeli okanye i-LCL luhlobo lwendlela yothutho lwempahla ngolwandle, elungiselelwe naziphi na iimpahla ezingenakho uqoqosho ukuba zithathe indawo epheleleyo okanye umthamo wesikhongozeli esisemgangathweni sokuthunyelwa kwempahla elwandle (ingaba yi-20-foot okanye i-40-foot container). Ngokudibanisa ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL ezininzi kwisikhululo sempahla yesikhongozeli (CFS), ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL ezininzi zabelana ngesitya esinye solwandle kwaye zixhomekeke ekudityanisweni xa zifika kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo. I-LCL ihluke ngokuthe ngqo kumthwalo ogcweleyo wesikhongozeli (i-FCL)- enye imo yokuthutha ulwandle.
Inkqubo yokuthunyelwa kwe-LCL
- zokuthunyelwa isiqinisekiso: Inkqubo yokuthumela ngenqanawa ye-LCL iqalisa ngokubhukishwa kweenqanawa ezivela kubahambisi beenqanawa abahlukeneyo abanemithwalo emincinci. Abathumeli bempahla bamazwe ngamazwe ngabo abaqhuba udibaniso lwesikhongozeli kubathumeli be-LCL. Iinkcukacha ezipheleleyo zokuthumela kufuneka zinikezelwe ukuququzelela ulungelelwaniso lokudibanisa kuquka ubunzima bomthwalo, ubungakanani, kunye nemilinganiselo. Ngokungeniswa kwamaxwebhu apheleleyo, inkqubo ye-LCL inokuqinisekiswa ize ilungiswe.
- Ukulungiswa kwempahla: Kuba indlela yothutho ye-LCL iyinkqubo "yokwabelana", umthumeli ngamnye kufuneka aqinisekise ukupakishwa ngokufanelekileyo kokuthunyelwa ngokufanelekileyo kwangaphambili. Ukuthunyelwa kufuneka kupakishwe kakuhle ukuze kube lula ukugcina kunye neenkqubo zokuthumela kunye nempahla evela kwabanye abathumeli.
- Umanyaniso: Kweli nqanaba, imithwalo idla ngokuqokelelwa kwizikhululo zempahla (CFS), ezisebenza njengendawo yodityaniso kunye neyokudityaniswa kothutho lwe-LCL kwaye zihlala zibekwe okanye kufutshane nezibuko lokusuka. Emva kokudibanisa, ukuthunyelwa kuya kuthunyelwa kwi-port okanye kwi-terminal yokuthunyelwa ngaphandle ngaphambi komhla wokugqibela wokuthumela ukuthunyelwa ebhodini.
- Ukudityaniswa kunye nokuhanjiswa: Isikhongozeli siya kucinywa kwindawo ekusingwa kuyo i-CFS yakuba ifikile kwizibuko lokukhutshwa. Umthwalo ofanelekileyo kufuneka wothulwe kwesi sigaba kwaye ulindeleke ukuba uthathwe ukuze uqokelelwe okanye ngokuxhomekeke kulungiselelo lwabathumeli bomthwalo, ukhululwe ukuze uhanjiswe ngemayile yokugqibela ukuya emnyango wabamkeli.
Iinzuzo kunye neengxaki ze-LCL
Izinto ezilungileyo zeLCL
- Ixabiso elithe kratya: I-LCL ihlawuliswa kuphela umthamo kunye neendawo ezikuzo iimpahla zakho. Kungoko endaweni yokuhlawula umrhumo osicaba kwisikhongozeli esigcweleyo nokuba kukho indawo engasetyenziswanga, kufuneka umntu alinganise kuphela isikhongozeli esifanelekileyo esisetyenziswayo ukuze afumane isisombululo esingabizi kakhulu.
- Ugcino olungakumbi: Amalungiselelo arhoqo okuhanjiswa kwe-LCL anokuphelisa isidingo sokuhlala ulinda iimveliso ezahlukeneyo ukuba zigcwalise isikhongozeli esipheleleyo, esinokuthi ngamanye amaxesha sidle ixesha kwaye singenzeki ngokwembono yeshishini. Ngenxa yoko, akugcini nje ixesha elingaphezulu kwimveliso kunye nokuhanjiswa kwemijikelo, kodwa kunye nokongiwa okungakumbi kugcino lwe-inventri, kuba umjikelo weshishini lonke ngoku uhamba ngokukhawuleza kunokuba uhlale ulindele imithwalo yesikhongozeli esipheleleyo.
- Olunye ukhetho: I-LCL inokubonelela ngeenketho ezininzi xa kuthelekiswa nomthwalo ogcweleyo wesikhongozeli (i-FCL), njengoko ihlala ilula kwaye ikhawuleza ukubandakanyeka, ngakumbi ngexesha lokuhamba ngenqanawa okuphezulu okanye amaxesha othutho aphezulu xa kukho umthamo wesikhongozeli esilinganiselweyo yonke indawo.
Ukungalungi kwe-LCL
- Ulibaziseko olunokubakho kunye/okanye umonakalo: Kukho amathuba aphezulu okulibaziseka kunye neempazamo kuthunyelo lwe-LCL ngokujonga ukudityaniswa kwayo kunye nendalo yodibaniso oluthi ludibanise ukuya kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zenkqubo yothutho. Kwaye njengoko kwabelwana ngayo ngeenqanawa ezininzi, imiba enokubakho yokukhutshwa kwezithethe kwabanye inokubangela ukulibaziseka kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuthunyelwa kwempahla. Okwangoku, into yokuba iimpahla ze-LCL kufuneka zihanjiswe ngapha nangapha rhoqo kunokwandisa amandla elahleko okanye umonakalo wempahla.
- Ithegi yexabiso eliphezulu: Ngokubanzi, ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kuza (ngamanye amaxesha) iithegi zexabiso eliphezulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa neFCL ngokwexabiso leyunithi. Ngecubic meter (CBM) yeyunithi amaxabiso e-LCL anokuthi, kwiimeko, abe neendleko eziphindwe kabini kunamalungiselelo eFCL ngenxa yenkqubo eyongezelelweyo kunye nexesha elifunekayo lokuqokelela zonke iimpahla ezithunyelwayo ze-LCL.
LCL vs FCL - ungakhetha njani?
Akukho mgaqo unzima kwaye ukhawulezayo malunga nokuba yeyiphi indlela yokuthumela ekufuneka isetyenziswe njengoko ixhomekeke kwiimfuno kunye neemeko zeshishini. Oku kulandelayo zezinye zengqwalasela ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo xa ukhetha phakathi kwe-LCL kunye neFCL:
- Ixesha lokuzisa: Ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL ngokuqinisekileyo kuthatha ixesha elide lokuhanjiswa xa kuthelekiswa nokuthunyelwa kwe-FCL ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa okongeziweyo kunye namanyathelo okudibanisa kwaye ihlala ifuna ukucwangciswa kwexesha elide kunye nexesha lokukhutshwa kwezithethe. Yiyo loo nto ukuhanjiswa okuthatha ixesha, i-LCL isenokungabi lolona khetho lulungileyo.
- Umthamo opheleleyo wokuthunyelwa: Oku kubhekiselele kumthamo opheleleyo womthwalo onawo, othi ulinganiswe ngokwe-cubic metres (CBM), ukubalwa kweendleko zoku kuya kuchazwa ngokweenkcukacha kwicandelo elilandelayo. Kuba uninzi lwezikhongozeli ze-FCL zingama-20-unyawo okanye ama-40-unyawo, ngokwendalo ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kufuneka kube kuhle phantsi kwezibonelelo zemitha ye-cubic kwezi sayizi zesikhongozeli. I-container ye-20-foot, umzekelo, iza nomthamo opheleleyo we-33 cubic metres. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba ubungakanani bepakethi yakho ye-LCL yiyo nantoni na engaphezulu kwe-15 cubic metres ngoko kuyayixabisa ukuthatha i-FCL endaweni yoko.
- Ukuhambisa iindleko: Nangona oku kunxulumene kakhulu nomthamo opheleleyo wothumelo lwakho, ayisiyiyo yonke. Iindleko zokuthumela ngenqanawe zisenokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesikhongozeli. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, kungakhathaliseki ukuba umntu usebenzisa i-LCL okanye i-FCL, iimveliso ezithile zixhomekeke kukhathalelo oluthile lokuba kuphela izikhongozeli ezikhethekileyo ezinokusetyenziswa, umzekelo, iimpahla ezifakwe efrijini ekufuneka zithuthwe nge- isikhongozeli se-reefer. Ukuthathela ingqalelo yonke imiba enxulumene neendleko ngundoqo wokuvavanya ngokuchanekileyo iindleko ze-LCL kunye ne-FCL.
- Eminye imiba eyahlukeneyo: Ngamanye amaxesha kukho inkxalabo eyongezelelweyo yempahla ethile phezu kwemiba esemgangathweni engentla xa kuziwa ekukhethweni phakathi kwe-LCL kunye ne-FCL ezifana neemfuno zokwenza ngokwezifiso kunye neenkxalabo zokhuseleko. I-FCL iqhele ukufumana umda kwiimfuno ezongezelelekileyo njengoko ufumana ukusetyenziswa okukodwa kwesikhongozeli siphela kwaye ke ngoqwalaselo oluncinci lokhuseleko kunye nenkululeko ethe chatha xa kufuneka iimfuno ezenziweyo.
Iindleko zeLCL
Kuyabonakala ukuba, akukho xabiso lilonke lilonke le-LCL kuba kukho inani elithile leendleko zayo. Ngokwembono yokubala umthamo, ulinganiswa ubukhulu becala ngee-cubic metres (m³), kunye nefomula yobude (kwiimitha) X ububanzi (kwiimitha) X ubude (ngeemitha). Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba abathumeli banike ingxelo yemilinganiselo echanekileyo, imilo, kunye nobukhulu bempahla kubathumeli bempahla kuba le datha ineempembelelo ezithe ngqo kwiindleko zokuthunyelwa kwe-LCL.
Ngokusekwe kwiindlela zothutho, inqanaba lexabiso leyunithi jikelele kwi-cubic meter nganye ye-LCL linokwahluka phakathi kwe-$25 ukuya kwi-140 yeedola. Kwaye into yokuba ixabiso leyunithi ye-cubic meter ye-LCL liphezulu kune-FCL libonisa ukuba amaxabiso e-LCL anoqoqosho kuphela kune-FCL ukuya kumthamo othile, ngaphaya koko kunokuba ngaphezulu kwamaxabiso ewonke e-FCL!
Umzekelo, ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL kubiza malunga ne-2000 yeedola kwi-40' yesikhongozeli esinomlinganiselo opheleleyo we-69 cubic metres kunye nexabiso leyunithi ye-CBM yokuthunyelwa kwe-LCL yi-$ 100, ingaba yimali kuyo nayiphi na abathumeli ukuba bathumele ukuya kwi-15-20 CBM kodwa nantoni na engaphaya ithathwa njengephezulu okanye ayilingani ixabiso xa lithelekiswa ne-FCL.
Ngaphezulu kwexabiso leyunithi ye-CBM, umntu kufuneka athathele ingqalelo ukuba ukubalwa kwexabiso le-LCL lilonke lilinganiselwa kwisiseko sezinga le-w/m, okuthetha ukuba izinga “lobunzima okanye umlinganiselo”. Isiseko esinjalo sokuhlawuliswa kwempahla sibonisa ukuba yeyiphi na ubunzima bothutho kunye nemilinganiselo eyenza ingeniso ephezulu iya kuba yireyithi ehlawuliswayo phantsi kokubalwa kwempahla ye-W/M.
Kwaye i ukuxinana kwempahla inendima enkulu ekumiseleni ubunzima okanye umlinganiselo weentlawulo zomlinganiselo (CBM) nazo. Umgaqo jikelele wesithupha kukuba amathuba okutshaja i-LCL esekelwe kubunzima bonyuka kunye noxinano oluphezulu kunye nokuphambene.
Isishwankathelo esikhawulezayo
Ukwandiswa okuqinileyo kwecandelo lorhwebo lwe-e-commerce kunika amathuba athembisayo kwamanye amashishini anxibeleleneyo, kubandakanywa iindlela zokuhanjiswa kwempahla emincinci efana nokuthunyelwa kwe-LCL. Ukuba nokuqonda okuqinileyo ingqikelelo ye-LCL, inkqubo yayo yokusebenza, iingenelo kunye nezingeloncedo, iyantlukwano xa kuthelekiswa neFCL kunye nezakhiwo zayo ezixabisayo kunokuba nexabiso kumashishini abandakanyeka kurhwebo lwe-elektroniki lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ukufumana uhlaziyo rhoqo kwiindidi zamanqaku amatsha, ndwendwela UChovm uyafunda ngamaxesha ukuze uhlale uhlaziywa kwimigaqo yolungiselelo kunye neendlela zoshishino lwehoseyile.
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