Ngehlabathi elidityaniswa ngokupheleleyo kubomi “obuluhlaza”, imfuno yezixhobo zokurisayikilisha zeplastiki iyanda kumashishini amaninzi asebenza ngemathiriyeli yezicelo ezahlukeneyo. Endaweni yokulahla ezi mveliso, imathiriyeli yeplastiki eneziphene inokucolwa, inyibilikiswe, kwaye iphinde isetyenziswe kwezinye iimveliso.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezixhobo zeplastiki zokurisayikilisha ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ukuphinda kusetyenziswe iiplastiki kwaye zizenze zisebenziseke kwakhona kwezinye iimveliso. Ukusuka kwimigca ye-pelletizing extrusion kunye ne-pelletizers ukuya kwi-shredders kunye ne-granulators, aba matshini banokuqhekeza amaqhekeza eplastiki amakhulu abe ngamaqhekeza amancinci, anokuthi anyibilike aze abunjwe abe yimveliso entsha.
Esi sikhokelo siya kuqaqambisa imarike koomatshini bokurisayikilisha beplastiki, kwaye emva koko siya kunika uluhlu lwezixhobo zokusebenza ezintandathu eziphezulu ekufuneka bezazi abathengi.
Isiqulatho
Imarike yezixhobo zokurisayikilisha zeplastiki
I-musk-ukwazi izixhobo zeplastiki zokuphinda zisetyenziswe
Zeziphi ezona iiplastiki ezisetyenziswa ngokutsha?
Iinzuzo zokusebenzisa izixhobo zokurisayikilisha zeplastiki
isiphelo
Imarike yezixhobo zokurisayikilisha zeplastiki
Ubungakanani bemakethi yomatshini wokuphinda usetyenzwe ngeplastiki kuqikelelwa ukuba iza kwanda ngeqondo lokukhula elihlanganisiweyo lonyaka (CAGR) ye-5.4% phakathi kwe-2022 kunye ne-2023. Ukongeza, ubungakanani bemarike yomatshini wokurisayikilisha weplastiki buqikelelwa ukufikelela kuqikelelo lwe US$481.2 yezigidi nge2031. Iplastiki oomatshini bokurisayikilisha sebenzisa itekhnoloji ephezulu ukubuyisela izinto ezilahliweyo zeplastiki kwaye zisetyenzwe zibe ziimveliso eziluncedo.
Oomatshini beplastiki bale mihla banokwenza kwakhona naluphi na uhlobo lwemathiriyeli yeplastiki. Kwaye abadlali emarikeni bagxile ekwenziweni koomatshini beplastiki abakumgangatho ophezulu wokurisayikilisha ukukhusela okusingqongileyo kwiziphumo eziyingozi ezibangelwa yinkunkuma yeplastiki.
Aba matshini banikezela ngokuzinzileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Iimveliso ezisetyenzisiweyo zisetyenziselwa izinto zombane neze-elektroniki, iimpahla, ifenitshala, iinxalenye zemoto, iikhonteyina, iibhotile, kunye neshishini lokwakha, zenza ingeniso enengeniso kubaxhasi bemarike.
Izixhobo ezi-6 zokurisayikilisha zeplastiki ekufuneka uzazi
Oomatshini beplastiki yegranule
Oomatshini begranule basetyenziselwa ukurisayikilisha i-polypropylene, i-polyethylene, kunye nezinye iintlobo zeepolima. Isebenza ngoncedo lwe ii-extruders ukurisayikilisheka kunye nokubuyisela inkunkuma yeplastiki ukuze ibe nokulungela ukuvelisa imathiriyeli ekrwada.
Kwinqanaba lokuqala, isebenzisa yayo iagglomerator okanye umatshini wokutyumza ukunciphisa ubungakanani beeplastiki ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nokufana kwezinto. Emva kokucubungula i-polymer, imveliso ke yondliwa kwi igranulator ukuvelisa imathiriyeli ekrwada yegranule.
Ngombulelo kwii-heaters ezikhethekileyo ze-ceramic, ubushushu buhlala kumatshini kwaye ixesha lokuqala lokufudumala liyancitshiswa, kwaye ukugcinwa kwamandla kuqinisekiswa rhoqo. Kwaye inkqubo yokulawula ye-PLC ingasetyenziselwa ukulawula yonke indawo yobushushu, abasiki, kunye nomthamo weyure. I-PLC ikwanqanda iimpazamo ezibangelwa ngumsebenzisi.
I-granule extruders iza ngobukhulu obahlukeneyo bokutshintsha isikrini. Enye, iyunithi ye-nitrogen hydraulic itshintsha isikrini sokucoca ngaphakathi ngaphantsi kwesibini. Kukho kwakhona i-granule die ene-pressure sensor. Xa isihluzi sizaliswe, inzwa iya kulinganisa uxinzelelo kwaye iyitshintshe ngokuzenzekelayo.
Oomatshini beAgglomeration
Oomatshini beAgglomeration inokuguqula ngokwasemzimbeni imathiriyeli yeplastiki ekhululekileyo ibe ziitshiphusi ezinokusetyenziswa ukondla ihopper ye-extruder. Oomatshini banikezela ngenkqubo eyongayo yokuhlaziya iipholima ezinodonga olucekethekileyo.
Ii-agglomerators zineencakuba ezimbini ezijikelezayo emazantsi ukwenza ubushushu kunye nokukhuhlana. Inkqubo ibangela ukuba izinto zeplastiki zifikelele kwindawo yokuthambisa. Kweli nqanaba, umqhubi kuya kufuneka wongeze amanzi ukuze enze uhlobo oluthile lokothuka.
Emva kokuba amanzi abe ngumphunga, izinto eziphathekayo ziphuma kumnyango wokukhupha osebenzayo njengeechips. Ukongeza, ii-agglomerators zinokusebenza njengezomisi kunye nezinto ezixineneyo.
Iigranulator zoomatshini bePlastiki
Oomatshini bokutyumza zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokurisayikilisha. Bacola iiplastiki zenkunkuma ezifana ne-PVC, i-ABS, i-PE, i-PP, i-PET, i-rubber, i-PS, kunye ne-PC inkunkuma. Ngokuxhomekeke kwisicelo somthengi, izityuli zeplastiki zivelisa phakathi kwe-300 ukuya kwi-1500 mm ubukhulu be-rotor enomthamo phakathi kwe-100 kg / hr ukuya kwi-2000 kg / hr.
Ngapha koko, umatshini une igranulator yeplastiki ngeencakuba ezisisigxina kunye nezijikelezayo ezibekwe ukwenza intshukumo yesikere. Inomthamo omkhulu wokuthintela uthuli, ubushushu, nongcoliso lwesandi. Ii-Crushers nazo ziveliswa ngeendlela ezinzima ze-MIG ze-welding kunye ne-heavy-duty bearings ukuze zifunxe ii-vibrations kunye nezothuso ezibangelwa kukutyumza.
Inkqubo yokugawula iplastiki yokugaywa ngokutsha kwepelletizing
Le nkqubo yokudibanisa kunye ne-pelletizing sesinye isixhobo seplastiki sokurisayikilisha ukusebenza ngaso. Idibanisa umsebenzi wokudibanisa, ukutyumza, i-pelletizing, kunye neplastiki kwisinyathelo esinye. Le nkqubo sisicombululo esisebenzayo nesithembekileyo kwimicu yeplastiki, iirafi, iingxowa ezilukiweyo, kunye nezinto ezinogwebu.
Oomatshini begranule beconical
I-conical granule extruders sisixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukurisayikilishwa kwefilimu ye-polyethylene kunye nezixhobo ezinxulumeneyo. Uyilo lwemilo yesikrufu yenze ukuba kube lula ukuphinda usebenzise iiplastiki ngokuthe ngqo, nangaphandle kokulungiswa kwangaphambili okunje nge-agglomeration okanye ukutyumza.
Ukongeza, umatshini unokuphinda usetyenzise izinto ezikhululekileyo, ezifana iingxowa zokuthenga ibhegi, kwaye uziguqule zibe ziipellets ngokusebenzisa i-conical granule extruders. Ngokunjalo, inyibilikisa izinto zeplastiki ngokukhupha kunye nokucoca usebenzisa isihluzo sokunyibilika. Ngoko ke yindlela elula kakhulu nesebenzayo yokuphinda kusetyenziswe imathiriyeli yeplastiki eninzi, ingakumbi inkunkuma yomenzi.
Umatshini wePlasitiki micronizer
Lo matshini unokuguqula i-resin zeplastiki, ezifana neeflakes okanye iipellet, zibe yifom powder. Intlaka yeplastiki kufuneka ibe ngumgubo ukuvelisa iimveliso zokugqibela. Umzekelo, inkqubo yokubumba ejikelezayo kufuneka iqulathe i-micron-level powder resin ukwenza iimveliso ezinje ngegubhu, izitya kunye neetanki zamanzi.
Oomatshini beplastiki benziwe ngeplastiki ukuze baqalise le nkqubo. Umatshini uguqula i-resin yeplastiki usebenzisa iisetyhula ezijikelezayo kunye neeblade eziqingqiweyo ukuze ziqhubeke. I-blade ejikelezayo enesantya esiphezulu ine-blade counter blade eguba intlaka yeplastiki ibe ngumgubo ocolekileyo, olungele ukwenziwa ngokutsha kweplastiki.
Zeziphi ezona iiplastiki ezisetyenziswa ngokutsha?
Phantse zonke iiplastiki ziyaphinda zisetyenziswe. Kubalulekile ukurisayikilishela ezi plastikhi ukudala indawo esempilweni. Nangona kunjalo, nazi iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zeplastiki ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe.
I-Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
I-Polyvinyl chloride yi-thermoplastic esetyenziselwa ukuvelisa imibhobho, iingcingo, iibhotile, kunye neefilimu zokubambelela. Olu hlobo lweplastiki luyavuseleleka.
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
I-polyethylene terephthalate yenye esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo thermoplastic. Ibhityile kwaye ifanelekile kwimveliso yokuvelisa uxinzelelo oluphantsi. Iimathiriyeli ezifana neentsinga zempahla kunye neebhotile zesiselo ezithambileyo ziimveliso ezinokurisayiklishwa ezenziwe kwi-PET.
Ubuninzi be-polyethylene (HDPE)
I-polyethylene ephezulu kakhulu ikwayi-thermoplastic. Nangona kunjalo, ithambile kwaye ibhetyebhetye ngakumbi xa ithelekiswa nePET kunye nePVC. Imizekelo yeemveliso ezenziwe kwi-HDPE ziigaloni kunye nemibhobho, edla ngokuphinda isetyenziswe.
I-Polyethylene yoxinano oluphantsi (LDPE)
I-polyethylene enobunzima obuphantsi sisichasi ngqo se-HDPE. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukwenza iingxowa zeplastiki. Nangona kunjalo, le mathiriyeli yeplastiki ayisebenzi lula. Ngoko ke, endaweni yokuphinda isetyenziswe, inokucocwa kwaye iphinde isetyenziswe kwezinye iinjongo.
Iinzuzo zokusebenzisa izixhobo zokurisayikilisha zeplastiki
Abaninzi banokuzibuza ukuba ngaba ukusebenzisa izixhobo zeplastiki zokurisayikilisha kufanelekile xa ezi plastiki zinokuphinda zisetyenziselwe ezinye iinjongo. Kodwa zizonke izixhobo zeplastiki zokurisayikilisha zibalulekile kuqoqosho, impilo, kunye neenzuzo zokusingqongileyo. Iinzuzo zokusebenzisa izixhobo zeplastiki zokurisayikilisha zichazwe ngezantsi.
- Ifuna amandla amancinci ukuvelisa iiplastiki kwaye inceda ukugcinwa kwemithombo yendalo.
- Ikhulula imfuno yokusetyenziswa kwamafutha efosili. Umzekelo, itoni yeplastiki esetyenzisiweyo yonga malunga nama-7,200 eekilowatt-iiyure zombane – malunga nomlinganiselo ofanayo wamandla okuqhuba ikhaya kangangeenyanga ezisixhenxe.
- Kuhamba umgama omde ekulondolozeni okusingqongileyo.
- Ikhuthaza uzinzo.
- Kwenza ukuba kungabizi mali ininzi kwiinkampani ukusebenzisa iiplastiki ezisetyenzisiweyo.
isiphelo
Ngenkqubela phambili yobuchwepheshe ekusetyenzisweni ngokutsha kweplastiki, imbono yolawulo lwenkunkuma ngokuthe ngcembe iya isanda. Namhlanje, kuye kwaba lula ukuhlaziya iplastiki, nakwinqanaba lemizi-mveliso. Ngenxa yoku, iinkampani ekugqibeleni zamkela ingcamango yendawo eluhlaza ngenxa yokulula kokubuyisela iplastiki ngeteknoloji.
Ngaphaya koko, ukuba amashishini kwihlabathi jikelele adibanisa ukurisayikilisha kweplastiki kunye nobuchule bokusebenzisa kwakhona kwindlela yabo yokulawula inkunkuma, iya kuba linyathelo elikhulu ekukhuseleni nasekugcineni okusingqongileyo okuxabisekileyo. Ukuphumeza ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo izixhobo zeplastiki zokurisayikilisha iya kwenza oku kufezeke ngakumbi.
