I-excavators yimishini enzima, eyenzelwe umsebenzi onzima kwiimeko ezinzima. Xa zigcinwa rhoqo, abembi banokuhlala iminyaka emininzi kwaye bahlala bekwimeko entle yokusebenza ixesha elide emva kokusetyenziswa kweprojekthi yokuqala. Ukuthenga i-excavator entsha kukuzibophelela okubizayo kwaye umthengi unokungawufuni umatshini emva kokugqitywa kweprojekthi yangoku.
Oku kuthetha ukuba abenzi bemigodi yazo zonke iisayizi ziyafumaneka ukuze zithengiswe kwaye ziphinde zisetyenziswe kwezinye iiprojekthi ezifuna i-excavator. Umthengi ke ujongene nokukhetha ukuba uthenge umatshini omtsha, okanye umatshini osetyenzisiweyo ngexabiso elincitshisiweyo kakhulu. Eli nqaku liphonononga uluhlu kunye namaxabiso eembiwa ezisetyenzisiweyo kwaye inikezela ngoluhlu lwezinto ezinokuthi zikhangelwe ukuze ziqinisekiswe ngokusebenza kwazo.
Isiqulatho
Imarike ye-excavator esetyenzisiweyo
Kukho uluhlu olubanzi lwee-excavators ezisetyenzisiweyo ezikhoyo
Yintoni ekufuneka uyiqwalasele xa ukhangela i-excavator esetyenzisiweyo
Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kunye nomzimba
Iingcamango zokugqibela
Imarike ye-excavator esetyenzisiweyo
Imarike esetyenziswayo abembi iqhutywa zizinto ezininzi. Impembelelo yezoqoqosho yobhubhane ka-2020-2022 ibangele ukurhoxiswa kweeprojekthi, ukulibaziseka kweeprojekthi, imali encinci ekhoyo, kunye noxinzelelo olukhulu lweendleko. I iindleko eziphezulu zotyalo-mali koomatshini abatsha, kunye nokungaqiniseki okuqhubekayo kwezoqoqosho, iiprojekthi zokwakha ezingalindelekanga, kunye notyalo-mali oluqulethwe kwiziseko ezingundoqo, okukhokelele ekwandeni kwemfuno yezinto ezembiweyo ezisetyenzisiweyo.
Nangona ngoku kukho oomatshini abatsha abaninzi abangabizi kakhulu kwimarike, ukuba ephepheni babonakala benexabiso elihle, kukho oomatshini abakumgangatho ophantsi kunye namalungu angaphantsi kweli candelo. Abathengi abasele benamava banokuba nentembelo engakumbi koomatshini abakhulu abasetyenziswayo, abakhiwe kakuhle nabahlala ixesha elide, nabafumaneka ngexabiso eliphantsi, kunokuba batsaleleke koomatshini abatsha abanexabiso eliphantsi nomgangatho ongaziwayo.
Amagama ebhrendi amakhulu alawulayo iimarike ezisetyenzisiweyo ziquka iCaterpillar, Komatsu, Kobelco, Deere & Co, Volvo, Doosan, Volvo, Hitachi kunye neXCMG. Ezinye zezi nkampani zikwangqina ukufaneleka koomatshini abasetyenziswa ngesandla.
Kukho uluhlu olubanzi lwee-excavators ezisetyenzisiweyo ezikhoyo
Abancinci / abagrumbi abancinci (ukuya kwiitoni ezili-10)
I-mini, i-excavators encinci okanye i-compact isukela kwi-1 toni ukuya phezulu ukuya kwi-10 yeetoni. Ngaphakathi kolu luhlu, ii-excavators ezisetyenzisiweyo ezine malunga 3-4 iminyaka yokusetyenziswa zahluka kwixabiso ukusuka ngaphantsi USD 5,000 ukuya malunga USD 15,000. Baninzi oomatshini abakhoyo, abanemeko entle imodeli yeCaterpillar ekhoyo I-3 itoni, I-5 itoni ukuba I-10 itoni. Kukho kwakhona ukhetho olubanzi lwezinye iimpawu, kuquka Komatsu or UKobelco, I-Doosan, kunye nabo bonke abanye abavelisi abakhulu.
Amaxabiso anokwahluka kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela, kunye neenguqulelo ezifanayo kunye nezindala zeemodeli ezifanayo ezithengiswa kubathengisi okanye ngeefandesi ezingaphezulu kwe-USD 80,000.
Izigrumba ezinkulu ezisetyenzisiweyo (iitoni eziyi-10-30)
Kwabembi abakhulu, ngokuqinisekileyo baninzi emarikeni, ukusuka kwi-11-15 koomatshini beetoni, ezifana neetoni ezili-13. IHyundai iR130VS ixabisa iUSD 9,000. Kukho uluhlu olubanzi ngokukodwa olufumanekayo kwibhendi yeetoni ezingama-20-25. Amaxabiso ayahluka, njenge toni ezingama-22 Komatsu PC220-8 ifumaneka nge-USD 30,000, i219 yeetoni zohlobo lwamaTshayina I-SANY SY215C ifumaneka nge-USD 15,000, okanye iitoni ezingama-20 I-Hitachi EX200 ye-USD 16,500.
Abembi bezinto ezinkulu (iitoni ezingama-30-50)
Njengoko ubukhulu bomatshini buba bukhulu kukho ukhetho oluncinci, kodwa uluhlu olubanzi kwiitoni kunye namaxabiso. Umzekelo, kukho iitoni ezingama-36 IVolvo EC360B ye-USD 35,000, iitoni ezingama-36 zamaTshayina I-XGMA XG836 ye-USD 29,000, iitoni ezingama-40 Komatsu PC400-7 for USD 55,000, okanye 40 ton Caterpillar 340D ixabiso kuluhlu phakathi USD 78,443 kwaye USD 97,000.
Abenzi bemigodi abakhulu (ngaphezulu kweetoni ezingama-50)
Amaxabiso awanyuki njengoko ubungakanani be-excavator bunyuka. Umzekelo i-80 yetoni esetyenzisiweyo IVolvo EC380 ifumaneka nge-USD 40,000, iitoni ezingama-50 I-Doosan DH530 isetyenziswe i-excavator ye-USD 112,700, okanye iitoni ezingama-50 I-SANY SY550H ye-USD 140,000. Kukho ukhetho oluninzi olungaphantsi kwe-40-50 yeetoni kunye noomatshini abakhulu kakhulu abalinganiselwe kwiimpawu ezimbalwa ezisetyenziswa kakhulu emigodini kunokwakhiwa.
Yintoni ekufuneka uyiqwalasele xa ukhangela i-excavator esetyenzisiweyo
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhetha, kwaye olo khetho luza uluhlu olubanzi lwamaxabiso. Ngoko umthengi unokwenza njani isigqibo esilungileyo kwi-excavator esetyenzisiweyo, ngakumbi ukuba uyala kwi-intanethi? Iingqwalasela zokuqala ziya kuba kulungele injongo, ixabiso kunye nemeko, kunye nobudala (njengoko kubonisiwe kwingcaciso yokuthengisa).
Xa ukhangela i-excavator esetyenzisiweyo, ukufaneleka ngenjongo yimfuneko ecacileyo. I-excavator kufuneka ibe mkhulu ngokwaneleyo kwaye ibe namandla ngokwaneleyo ukuba ithathe umsebenzi esandleni. Oku kuya kugqiba ukuba ngaba ukwimarike yeetoni ezi-5 ezincinci, ihashe leetoni ezili-14, okanye isigebenga esingaphezu kweetoni ezingama-50. Kusenokubakho ukhetho oluninzi koomatshini abancinci ukuya kwephakathi abanegama lebhrendi elungileyo, kwaye amaxabiso asenokuthelekiseka neemodeli ezintsha ezisuka kwiibrendi ezincinci. Ke kuqala khetha ubungakanani kunye namandla, kwaye uchonge iibrendi ezimbalwa kunye neemodeli ezinomdla.
Ixabiso ke yinto ebalulekileyo, kwaye kufuneka iqwalasele imeko yomatshini. Umthengi uya kufuna ukuqinisekiswa ukuba i-excavator igcinwe kakuhle kwaye ikwimeko efanelekileyo yokusebenza, ebonisa ixabiso.
Imeko kunye nokujonga ngokubanzi komatshini kuya kunika umbono wokuqala we-excavator, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi oku kuza xa kuqala ukujonga iifoto kwi-intanethi. Kungokwemvelo ukujonga indlela ecwebezelayo kwaye intsha ngayo umzobo wepeyinti kunye nomsebenzi womzimba ukhangeleka. Nangona oku kunokuba luphawu lokuba umatshini ukhathalelwe kwaye mhlawumbi mtsha (ingakumbi ukuba inani leeyure zokusetyenziswa liphantsi), injini kunye neengoma zinokuhlanjwa kwaye zicocwe, izibonda zinokukhutshwa kwaye umsebenzi womzimba unokupeyintwa kwakhona. Khumbula, aba ngoomatshini abasebenzayo abahlala kumdaka naphakathi kwabanye oomatshini abashukumayo kwindawo ekusetyenzwa kuyo, ngoko ke izibonda ezimbalwa kunye nemikrwelo zinokulindelwa kwaye oko akuthethi ukuba akukho nkathalo.
Ubudala be-excavator, kwiminyaka, iya kuboniswa kwingcaciso yentengiso, kwaye unokubona iiyure kwiwotshi. Ngaba iminyaka ibonakala ihambelana nemeko kangangoko kunokumiselwa kwimifanekiso, kunye nexabiso elibhengeziweyo?
Ukuba le miba yokuqala ijongeka inomtsalane ke lixesha lokujonga ngakumbi kwiindawo ezizimeleyo ze-excavator, i-cab, umzimba, i-emele kunye ne-boom, i-injini, i-hydraulics, i-turntable kunye ne-undercarriage. Abathengisi abaninzi baya kubonelela iifoto ezininzi ukusuka kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo ukuze ukwazi ukubona iinkcukacha kunye nemeko, abanye abanako. Kwiimeko ezininzi kuya kufuneka ukwazi ukujonga ngokwasemzimbeni umfuyi mhlawumbi ngaphambi kokuthenga okanye emva kokuthatha ukuhanjiswa, ngoko ke isiqinisekiso sokubuyisela xa singanelisekanga sibalulekile.
Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kunye nomzimba
Ikhareji yangaphantsi: Khangela iimpawu zokuguga kunye nokukrazula kwi-sprockets. Ngaba ikhonkco okanye iirola zinxitywe? Njengoko ikhonkco iqala ukunxiba ii-rollers ziya kuqalisa ukusika kwizikhonkwane kumzila. Khangela izikhonkwane ezigugileyo nezikhazimlayo. Ukuba kukho ukuvakalelwa njengomgca ocacileyo kwi-bushings, lolunye uphawu lokugqoka ngokugqithiseleyo. Ukuba kukho intshukumo yecala ukuya kwicala kumzila ngokwawo kunokuthetha izikhonkwane ezinxibileyo kunye namahlahla. Ukuba kukho ukunxitywa okugqithisileyo kwi-undercarriage, oku kushiya izithuba ezininzi kwaye kukhokelela kumzila we-slacker. Abasebenzisi banokususa ikhonkco ukuze baqinise umzila. Jonga umsantsa wokuvila, kunye neenkcukacha zomenzi, ngenani elichanekileyo lamakhonkco engoma. Ngokubanzi, nangona iinxalenye ze-undercarriage zinokuthi zitshintshwe, ukuba indibano yengoma ibonisa iimpawu zokuguga okubalulekileyo, mhlawumbi ifuna ukutshintshwa kwaye oko kufuneka kufakwe kwiindleko zomatshini.
Ibhakethi kunye nezikhonkwane zebhakethi, boom kunye nengalo: Ukuba kukho ukunyakaza okuninzi kwizikhonkwane, okanye ibhakethi libukeka libethekile okanye lonakalisiwe, oku kunokuthetha ukuba iphathwe kakhulu. Jonga ukuguga ngokubeka ibhakethi phantsi kwaye uyishukumise kancinane ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye icala naphambili nangasemva. Oku kuya kubonisa ukuba izifakelo zihlala ziqinile kwaye ziqinile okanye kukho umdlalo ogqithisileyo.
Ngokunjalo kunye ne-boom kunye nengalo, ngaba kukho intshukumo kumalungu? Oku kunokubonisa ukuba azizange zithanjiswe rhoqo kwaye zigcinwe kwaye zinxibe ngokugqithiseleyo. Umatshini ogcinwe kakuhle uya kuhlala unegrisi eninzi esetyenziswa ngokukhululekileyo kuyo yonke indawo. Iimpawu zegrisi yinto entle. Nangona kunjalo, khangela ukuba igrisi itsha kwaye ukuba kunokwenzeka yikhuphe igrisi endala. Ukuba ilukhuni kwaye i-cake up, ke igrisi ayizange iguqulwe rhoqo kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba idibaniswe nokugqoka kunye nokukrazula.
Ukuguqulwa: Ngaba i-turntable ijikeleza kakuhle ngaphandle kokungalingani okanye ukungazinzi? Xa ujika ikhabhu, ngaba kukho ingxolo eshukumayo okanye yokusila? Ukuba ayijikezi ngokulinganayo kusenokubakho ingxaki kwibhereyi yokujingi engena phakathi komzimba kunye nekhareji yangaphantsi.
Imeko yeCab: Ngaba ikhabhu ibonakala icocekile, isihlalo sicocekile kwaye sicocekile kwaye siyalungisa njengoko kufanele? Ngaba zonke iiswitshi zikhangeleka zomelele kwaye zikwimeko entle yokusebenza? Konke oku kubonisa ukuba ngaba umatshini ubukhathalelwe kwaye unomqhubi/umnini okhathalayo. Umatshini osetyenziswe kakuhle awuthethi ukuba ikhebhu ayiphathwa kakuhle okanye ayihoywanga.
Injini: Ngaba injini ibonakala icocekile? Ngaba kukho iimpawu zokuvuza okujikeleze i-injini okanye kwiiphaneli ezingqongileyo? Ngaba kukho umsi omhlophe okanye omnyama (oku kubaluleke ngakumbi njengoko kunokubonisa imiba ye-injini okanye ye-gasket)? Ngaba amanqanaba olwelo ongeziweyo? Ngaba yonke imibhobho icocekile kwaye iqinile?
Ukukhutshwa kombhobho: Ngaba i-injini ekuqaleni yayiyi-EPA ekhutshwayo eqinisekisiweyo? Ukuba kunjalo kuya kuba bubulumko ukuqinisekisa ukuba injini isasebenza ngokwemigangatho. An i-exhaust emission analyser ingasetyenziselwa ukujonga i-exhaust ekhutshwayo.
Ulawulo lwamanzi: Ngaba zonke iibhobho, izifakelo kunye neringi ze-O zichanekile? Isitywina esibuthathaka siya kunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic. Injani imeko yemibhobho kunye nemibhobho, kwaye ngaba kukho iimpawu zokuvuza kwe-hydraulic? Jonga i-chrome kwintonga yehydraulic. Ukuba kukho imikrwelo okanye amanqaku oku kungabonisa ukuba ukutywinwa kunye nokupakishwa kwe-cylinder kugugile kwaye akufanelanga kakuhle, kubangela ukuguga.
Iifayile: Ngaba iirekhodi zenkonzo yomatshini orekhodiweyo zibonisa ukuba i-hydraulic, i-oyile ye-injini kunye ne-fuel filters zatshintshwa xa ulwelo lutshintshwa? Ngaba isihluzo somoya sisitsha okanye simdaka, njengoko zombini zinokubonisa iingxaki zenjini. Qwalasela onke amathumbu atywiniweyo kunye nezibophelelo zemibhobho ukuba ziqinile kunye nokuvuza okunokwenzeka. Qwalasela zonke iigaskets iimpawu zokuvuza.
Iingcamango zokugqibela
Ukuvavanya umgangatho we-excavator yesandla sesibini kwiifoto zodwa zinemida ekuvavanyeni ngokufanelekileyo imeko kunye nexabiso lokuthenga kwi-intanethi. Cela iifoto ezongezelelweyo kunye/okanye iividiyo kunye nokuskena/iikopi zeerekhodi zenkonzo. Zama ukhethe umthengisi obonelela ngokwaneliseka okanye isiqinisekiso sembuyekezo, kwaye xa sele uhanjisiwe landela olu luhlu lungentla njengobuncinane.
Khumbula ilizwi elithi, Umqolomba we-bakoat (umthengi lumka), kwaye uqiniseke ukuba wenza inkuthalo enkulu njengoko kufanelekile kwaye kuyenzeka ngaphambi kokuba uzibophelele. Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokhetho olubanzi lwee-excavators ezisetyenzisiweyo ezikhoyo, jonga Chovm.com igumbi lokubonisa.
