UMzantsi-mpuma Asia ngokukhawuleza wenza uphawu lwawo njengolubalaseleyo indawo yokuvelisa, ukurhwebesha iinkampani zangaphandle zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ukuba ziguqule imisebenzi yazo yemveliso kude neTshayina kwaye ziseke amatyathanga obonelelo omelele ngakumbi ukuze zilumkele ukuphazamiseka okungalindelekanga.
Olu tshintsho kumhlaba wemveliso wehlabathi lunika ithuba elihle lokuvelisa oomatshini abathengisa ngevenkile ukuba bangene kwimfuno ekhulayo yezixhobo zefektri ezikumgangatho ophezulu kummandla.
Ngokutyhila abaqhubi bemarike ababalulekileyo kunye namathuba okhuphiswano, kunye nokuphonononga awona mashishini angundoqo kunye noomatshini abanxulumeneyo kumazwe amathandathu, olu hlalutyo lubanzi, luqhutywa kuphando luya kuxhobisa amashishini ngemibono eyimfuneko ukuze angenele ngokuzithemba kwimakethi yoomatshini yoshishino yaseMazantsi-mpuma yeAsia.
Isiqulatho
Oomatshini boshishino kuMzantsi-mpuma Asia: umfanekiso wemarike
Oomatshini boshishino kumazwe amathandathu akuMzantsi-mpuma Asia
Imeko yokhuphiswano kwimarike yoomatshini boshishino eSEA
Vula uguquko lwezoshishino lwaseMzantsi-mpuma Asia
Oomatshini boshishino kuMzantsi-mpuma Asia: umfanekiso wemarike
Imakethi yoomatshini boshishino yaseMzantsi-mpuma Asia yi imiselwe ukuchuma phakathi kuka-2023 no-2032, ekhuthazwa ngabasebenzi abadlamkileyo malunga 81 million abantu kunye nokutsalwa kwemivuzo ephantsi yabasebenzi.
Le meko yeshishini enenzuzo iye yahenda iinkampani zemizi-mveliso ukuba ziseke iinkqubo zazo zokuvelisa kulo mmandla. Ngenxa yoko, sinokulindela imveliso yemveliso kwingingqi ukuba inyuke kakhulu, kunye noqikelelo olubonisa ukuveliswa kwengeniso enokubakho ukuya kuthi ga. US $ 600 ibhiliyoni ngo-2023.
Yonyuswa lutshintsho lwedijithali kumashishini aphambili afana neemoto, i-elektroniki, kunye nokupakishwa kokutya, eli candelo lemveliso likhula ngokumangalisayo liya kuqhubeka nokuqhuba imfuno engazange ibonwe ngaphambili koomatshini kunye nezixhobo ezizenzekelayo.
Oorhulumente baseMazantsi-mpuma e-Asia nabo baxhasa, ngemigaqo-nkqubo kunye nenkuthazo etsalela utyalo-mali lwangaphandle kwaye yandise imveliso yasekhaya. La manyathelo ahenda imibutho yezizwe ngezizwe ukuba iseke amaziko kulo mmandla, nto leyo eqhubela phambili imfuneko yoomatshini abakumgangatho ophezulu wokuqinisekisa imveliso esebenzayo neneendleko eziphantsi.
Emva kokufumanisa ukuba uMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia unesiseko esomeleleyo semizi-mveliso yezixhobo ezinzima kunye noomatshini, lixesha ngoku lokuphonononga izinto eziqhubela le ntengiso kunye nemiqobo enokuthi ijongane nayo kwixesha elizayo.
Abaqhubi beemarike kunye nezithintelo
| Abaqhubi beemarike | Izithintelo zemarike |
| kunye ASEAN imveliso yemveliso ilindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwinqanaba elimangalisayo US $ 600 ibhiliyoni ngo-2030, imfuno yezixhobo eziphambili kunye noomatshini abavelisa izinto ezintsha iyakhula. | Uthungelwano lweziseko ezingundoqo olunganelanga kummandla lunyanzelela ukwamkelwa ngokungenamthungo koomatshini bemizi-mveliso abakumgangatho ophezulu. Ukunqongophala konikezelo lwamandla oluthembekileyo, umzekelo, kuthintela ukwamkelwa kwe ishishini 4.0 ubuchwephesha. |
| Oorhulumente baseMazantsi-mpuma e-Asia bakhuthaza ngenkuthalo imeko yemveliso efanelekileyo ngokusebenzisa imigaqo-nkqubo yoshishino, ukukhuthaza ukwamkelwa kobugcisa kunye nokukhula kweziseko zophuhliso. | Iinkampani ezincinci kunye neziphakathi azifuni kutyalo-mali koomatshini bemizi-mveliso abazenzelayo ngenxa yeenkxalabo malunga neendleko ezinxulumene noko, ubunzima bokuphunyezwa, kunye nokufuduswa okunokwenzeka kwabasebenzi. |
| Ngomndilili wexabiso lomsebenzi wokwenziwa kweyure nje US $ 3.6, Ummandla we-Asia-mpuma we-Asia ubonisa enye indawo enomtsalane kwiinkampani ezifuna izisombululo zokwenziwa kweendleko. | Ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi abanezakhono zokulungisa oomatshini kuthintela ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo ezinzima ezintsonkothileyo kunye nezixhobo zoomatshini. Oku kunqongophala kwabasebenzi kukhokelela ekunciphiseni imveliso kunye nokunyuka kwexesha lokunciphisa. |
| Ngo-2021 nje, ingingqi ye-ASEAN yabona into engazange ibonwe ngaphambili US $ 174 ibhiliyoni kutyalo-mali oluthe ngqo lwangaphandle, kunye neenkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ezisebenzisa amandla okuvelisa alapha ekhaya. | Kwizifundo ze-bureaucratic iinkqubo zesithethe kubeka umqobo obalulekileyo ekungenweni koomatshini boshishino kumazwe angaphandle. Inkqubo yococeko inokuthatha phantse iiyure 96 ukugqiba. |
Amathuba emarike kunye nezoyikiso
| Amathuba emarike | Izisongelo zemarike |
| I-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia isusa ukugxila kwizinto ezisezantsi ukuya kwiimveliso zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Olu tshintsho lungqinwa kukuba lo mmandla ngoku uthatha ngaphezu kwe 80% yokuveliswa kwehard drive yehlabathi. | Njengoko itekhnoloji entsha kunye nezisombululo ezizenzekelayo ziphuhliswa kwaye ziphunyezwa, izixhobo zamashishini kunye noomatshini banokuphelelwa lixesha. Oku kukhokelela ekunyukeni kweendleko ezinxulumene nokuphuculwa okanye ukutshintshwa koomatshini. |
| Iqhutywa ngumnqweno onamandla wokwandisa amandla azo emveliso, iifektri ziya ngokwanda ukwamkela iteknoloji ye-4.0. Olu kwamkelwa lubandakanya inkqubela phambili iirobhothi zomgca wokuhlanganisa, Izixhobo zoomatshini eziqhutywa yi-AI, kunye nezisombululo zokuvelisa. | Imfundo yobugcisa enganelanga kummandla ikhokelele ekunqongophelweni kwe abasebenzi abanezakhono, ngubani onokusebenzisa izixhobo zala maxesha. Lo msantsa wezakhono uthintela amashishini asekuhlaleni ekubeni atyale imali kwizixhobo ezinzima eziphambili. |
| Njengoko imveliso eyongeziweyo izuza ukutsaleka kuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia, imfuno yokwenziwa ngokukhawuleza kwamalungu alungelelanisiweyo kunye neeprototypes iya kukhula, iqhubela phambili imfuno Oomatshini bokushicilela be-3D eziguqula uyilo lwedijithali lube zizinto eziphathekayo. | Icandelo lezemveliso lixhomekeke kakhulu ekuthengeni impahla kumazwe angaphandle amacandelo aphakathi. Ukuxhomekeka okunjalo kumakhonkco obonelelo angaphandle kwenza ukuba ummandla ube sesichengeni sokuphazamiseka okubangelwa kukungavisisani ngokwelizwe, izithintelo zorhwebo, okanye izehlo zentlekele yehlabathi. |
| Ukuwiswa koBudlelwane boQoqosho obuBanzi boMmandla (I-RCEP) iyakwandisa ukhuphiswano kwicandelo lezemveliso ngokunciphisa imiqobo yorhwebo efana ntlawulo kunye nezabelo, ngokunjalo nangokukhuthaza ukungafihli kunye nokuqikelelwa kwiindleko zokusebenza. | Isakhelo sezoshishino salo mmandla siphenjelelwa kakhulu utshintsho kwezopolitiko, ezinokubangela utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwimigaqo-nkqubo yoshishino kunye izivumelwano zorhwebo. Utshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo olungalindelekanga lunokutyhafisa iinkampani ekwandiseni imisebenzi yazo yokuvelisa. |
Oomatshini boshishino kumazwe amathandathu akuMzantsi-mpuma Asia
Ukuthi krwaqu nje ngokukhawuleza kuhlumo lulonke loomatshini boshishino akusayi kwanela. Eli candelo libanzi libonelela ngohambo lokuntywilisela kumashishini, ukuwahambisa kwimakethi edlamkileyo yase-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia kunye nokuphonononga amacandelo okuvelisa amazwe amathandathu abalaseleyo ngobunzulu.
Kulo lonke eli candelo, abathengi bamashishini baya kufumana ukuqonda okunzulu kweempawu ezahlukileyo zelizwe ngalinye lemveliso yelizwe. Ugxininiso luya kuba kumashishini adityanisiweyo, abonelela ngemibono exabiseke kakhulu koomatshini abathile boshishino kunye nezixhobo ezinzima ezifumana imfuno ebalulekileyo.
Vietnam
Ifumaneka ekupheleni kwempuma ye-Indochinese peninsula, iVietnam imida yaseKhambodiya, iChina kunye neLaos. Nabemi be 97 million abantu, lelinye lamazwe akuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia anabantu abaninzi.
Imakethi yoomatshini boshishino eVietnam ibona ukukhula okumangalisayo, kunye necandelo lemveliso elongezelelweyo-ixabiso elongezelelweyo elingaphezulu. US $ 114 izigidi. Oku kubonisa phantse i-25% ye-GDP yesizwe-ngaphezulu kunalo naliphi na elinye icandelo elinye lenze ngo-2021.
Ukongeza ekusondeleni kwayo kwamanye amazwe amaninzi akummandla we-Asia-Pacific, iVietnam iye yaba liziko lokwenziwa kwezixhobo zombane ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye neempahla zamalaphu ngenxa yeendleko eziphantsi zabasebenzi. Ngomvuzo ophantsi njenge US $ 133 ngenyanga, amashishini okuvelisa atsalwa eVietnam kwimveliso enexabiso eliphantsi.
Electronics
In 2021, izixhobo zombane zabathengi kubalwe ngaphezulu I-US $ 8.47 yezigidigidi yengeniso yemizi-mveliso yaseVietnam. Uninzi lolu hlumo luqhutywa lutyalo-mali oluvela kwiinkampani zangaphandle zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ezifana neSamsung, LG, Canon, kunye neNokia. Ngokwenyani, i-Samsung kuphela eyaphendulayo malunga nama-20% ye-Vietnamese iyonke yokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwezinto zombane.
Ilizwe linothungelwano olukhulu olungaphezu kwe Iindawo zemizi-mveliso ezingama-250, ngakumbi emantla apho amanye amaphondo andise abe ziindawo zokwenziwa kweemveliso zombane ukusuka koomabonakude kunye nee-smartphone ukuya kwiiprinta kunye nezixhobo zombane zasekhaya.
Njengoko ishishini le-elektroniki liqhubeka likhula, imfuno yezixhobo zomatshini ezichanekileyo, ezifana oomatshini bokusila be-CNC, imiselwe ukwanda. Ezi zixhobo zibalulekileyo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuyileni izinto ezintsonkothileyo nezichanekileyo zezixhobo zombane. Umzekelo, banokuchwetheza ngobuchwephesha izinto ezibalulekileyo kwiibhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo kwaye benze iisinki zobushushu zesiko.
➕ Funda ngokugqithisileyo: Yintoni i-CNC?
Olunye udidi oluyimfuneko lwezixhobo kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kombane kukuthengisa izixhobo, ngakumbi imipu yomoya oshushu. Ezi zixhobo ezixabisekileyo zoshishino zibalulekile ngexesha lokudibanisa kunye nokulungiswa kwezixhobo zombane, njengoko zenza ukusetyenziswa okuchanekileyo kobushushu kumalungu e-solder ngaphandle kokubangela umonakalo kumacandelo akufutshane.
Iimpahla kunye nempahla
Ukongeza kwi-electronics yabathengi, ishishini le-textile liyinxalenye ephambili yoqoqosho lwaseVietnam. Enyanisweni, iPerile yaseMpuma yenye ye abathengisi bangaphandle abakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele lempahla kunye neemveliso zamalaphu. Ngaphezu koko, inkcitho yasekhaya yaseVietnam kwimpahla kunye nezihlangu iye yakhula ngokuthe ngcembe kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo ngenxa yokuphucula imigangatho yokuphila.
Ngale mfuno ikhulayo yempahla esefashonini, amashishini aya kujonga oomatshini bokwenza amalaphu emveliso kunye nokusetyenzwa okumanzi ngakumbi kwaye alungelelaniswe.
Nje ngeziphumo, oomatshini bokusonga iya kuqhubeka isisisombululo esibalulekileyo nesixatyisiweyo kushishino lwamalaphu. Bawulungisa kakuhle umsonto oza kulukwa okanye uwuthunge ngokuwubhijela kwimiqadi okanye kwiicones ngendlela ecocekileyo nelungelelanisiweyo. Enkosi kwaba matshini basebenzayo, abavelisi banokugcina umgangatho ongaguqukiyo womsonto ngelixa behlisa inkunkuma yezinto.
➕ Funda ngokugqithisileyo: Ubakhetha njani oomatshini bokusonga ngo-2023
Oomatshini bokudaya sesinye isixhobo esixabiseke kakhulu kubenzi bempahla. Njengezona zinto ziphambili zenqanaba lokulungisa okumanzi, aba matshini bafaka amalaphu anemibala eqaqambileyo kunye neepateni ezitsala amehlo ngokwenene ezibenza bagqame kwihlabathi lefashoni.
Ngobuchule obahlukeneyo obunjengokudaya ngokuntywiliselwa, ukudaya ukutshiza, kunye nokudaya ngeepadi, aba matshini baqinisekisa ukugcwala kombala okugqibeleleyo kunye nokungaguquguquki ngalo lonke ixesha.
➕ Funda ngokugqithisileyo: Fumanisa izixhobo eziyimfuneko kwimizi-mveliso enika amandla icandelo lemveliso yaseVietnam
Maleyishiya
Usikelelwe ngobuninzi bemithombo yendalo kwaye ngokuphawulekayo abantu abatsha, IMalaysia ime njengomthengisi onebhongo koomatshini borhwebo kwinqanaba lehlabathi. Ukanti, isizwe sisazamana nokuvula amandla alo apheleleyo njengeshishini eliphambili.
Ukusa kowama-2022 kuzise utyando kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso yaseMalaysia, ngokumangalisayo. 50.1% ukwanda konyaka nonyaka. Oku kunyuswa kwenkcitho kubangele inkcitho karhulumente eyandisiweyo kwiiprojekthi zeziseko ezingundoqo kunye necandelo lokwakha elikhulayo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukukhula kokuqala kwabonakala kuhamba ngokukhawuleza, njengoko imveliso yemizi-mveliso ifumene incinci 1.8% Ukwandiswa konyaka-ngonyaka ngoJanuwari 2023. Ukwehla okubangelwa ikakhulu kukuncitshiswa kwemveliso yeeplanga, ifenitshala, kunye neemveliso zezimbiwa ezingezizo ezentsimbi.
Ngaphandle koku, icandelo lezoshishino laseMalaysia lihlala liyintsika ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwalo, linegalelo 37.76% yeGDP. Eli candelo lidlamkileyo liqiniswa yisemiconductor kunye namashishini esinyithi, eli candelo lidlamkileyo liqikelelwa ukuba liya kutsala US $ 23 ibhiliyoni kutyalo-mali ngo-2025.
Semiconductors
Njengamandla aqhuba ukukhula koqoqosho lwaseMalaysia, icandelo le-semiconductor liyachuma, kunye nePenang kuphela ephendulayo. 80% kwimveliso yelizwe jikelele yesemiconductor.
Kwilinge lokuguqula iMalaysia ibe liziko lehlabathi lovavanyo lwetshiphu kunye nokupakishwa, urhulumente ugalele izibonelelo ezibalulekileyo kwi-R&D kunye nophuhliso lwabasebenzi. Ke ngoko, iminyaka ezayo iya kubona ukunyuka kwemfuno yoomatshini abantsonkothileyo bomatshini, abanje ngoomatshini befotografi kunye nezixhobo zokubeka.
Okudityanisiweyo kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-semiconductor, oomatshini bokufota ugqithisela ngobuchule uyilo lwesekethe kwiiwafers zesilicon. Besebenzisa ukukhanya, aba matshini bavelisa ipateni yesekethe kumphezulu wewafer, ogqunywe ngomaleko wephotoresist. Nje ukuba kuvezwe ekukhanyeni, ukusabela kweekhemikhali kulandela, kuprinta ipateni yesekethe kwi-wafer.
Ibaluleke ngokulinganayo kwimveliso ye-semiconductor, izixhobo zomatshini wokubeka faka izinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa iifilimu zetsimbi kunye ne-polysilicon, kumphezulu we-wafer ukwenza iileya ezahlukileyo ezenza isixhobo se-semiconductor. Ukusebenzisa uluhlu lweendlela-ezifana nomphunga wekhemikhali, umphunga obonakalayo, kunye nokubekwa kwe-atomic layer-aba matshini babonisa ukuguquguquka kunye nokubaluleka kwabo kwinkqubo.
U msebenzi
Ngaphaya kwezixhobo zombane kunye neesemiconductors, icandelo laseMalaysia elandayo lokulungisa isinyithi limi njengenye isiseko sokukhula koqoqosho lwesizwe. Njengoko kuxelwe ngu Statist, isalathiso semveliso yeemveliso zetsimbi ezenziweyo eMalaysia zenyukela kumanqaku angama-107.7 ngo-2021.
Oku kunyuka kwemfuno yesakhelo sesinyithi kuya kubangela imfuno yoomatshini bokwenza isinyithi abakumgangatho ophezulu, ngakumbi iileyile kunye nezixhobo zokucheba. IiLathes, umzekelo, zifunwa ngenxa yokukwazi kwabo ukwenza ngokucokisekileyo amacandelo esinyithi.
➕ Funda ngokugqithisileyo: Oomatshini abali-11 abangundoqo abasetyenziswa kushishino lwesinyithi
Aba matshini basebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo babumba iindawo zentsimbi ngokususa imathiriyeli kwisixhobo sokusebenza esijikelezayo ngokwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo njengokusika, ukugalela isanti, kunye nokujika. Ngenxa yoko, baxhobisa abavelisi ukuba benze iziqwenga zentsimbi ezintsonkothileyo ezinokunyamezelana okuqinileyo.
Ngokufanayo, oomatshini bokucheba izakufumana imfuno eyongeziweyo ngenxa yokukhula komdla wokukhaphukhaphu kunye nezakhiwo zentsimbi ezonga amandla kuwo onke amashishini afana nezothutho kunye nolwakhiwo olulungele indalo.
➕ Funda ngokugqithisileyo: Iingcebiso ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uziqwalasele phambi kokuthenga umatshini wokucheba
Ezi zixhobo zomatshini ezintsha zixhobisa abavelisi ngokukwazi ukuvelisa i-slender, i-metal sheet sheets ngokuchanekileyo kunye neeprofayili zezicelo ezinqamlekileyo, ezifana nezakhelo zemoto zombane kunye nezixhobo zokwakha ezonga amandla.
➕ Funda ngokugqithisileyo: Iindlela ezi-6 ezibalulekileyo zemarike yoomatshini boshishino eMalaysia
Singapho
Nangona singekho sikhulu njengabamelwane baso, isixeko-selizwe laseSingapore siye saba yeyona ndawo ichumileyo yemizi-mveliso kunye nenqanaba lehlabathi. Okweshumi ngobukhulu umthengisi wempahla yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Le mpumelelo ibalelwa kukuzinikela kukarhulumente wase-Singapore ekwamkeleni ubuchwephesha be-Industry 4.0 kunye neendlela zokuvelisa ezinenkqubela.
Esi sizwe sincinane sesiqithi siye sazibekela usukelo lwamabhongo “Ukwenziwa koMbono ka-2030,” ejoliswe ekuphumezeni okuphawulekayo 50% ukukhula kwicandelo lezemveliso ngonyaka ka-2030. Ngaphezu koko, eli lizwe lincinci libonisa abasebenzi abanezakhono eziphezulu ezitsala iinkampani eziphambili zobuchwepheshe. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, iSingapore ibekwe kwindawo yesibini kwiGlobal Talent Competitiveness Index (GTCI) ngo-2022.
Ubunjineli bobuchwephesha kunye nobunjineli obuchanekileyo busebenza njengobomi becandelo lemizi-mveliso laseSingapore, liqhuba ukukhula kunye nokutyhala imida yendaleko yetekhnoloji. La mashishini abalulekileyo adlale indima ebalulekileyo kwicandelo lemveliso, elinegalelo elibonakalayo 20% kwiGDP yesizwe.
Electronics
Kwimarike yezoshishino yaseSingapore, intsimi ye-elektroniki iya kuqhubeka ibambe indawo ephezulu kwaye kulindeleke ukuba izuze ingeniso epheleleyo ye US $ 1.76 ibhiliyoni ngo-2023. Ngaphezu koko, ukusuka ku-2023 ukuya ku-2027, ishishini le-elektroniki liqikelelwa ukuba liza kufumana isantya sokukhula sonyaka esiyi-7.7%.
NgeSingapore ivela njengeziko lemveliso ye-elektroniki ebalaseleyo, imfuneko yeengcali oomatshini bokudibanisa ucingo kulindeleke ukuba ikhule kakhulu. Oomatshini abanjalo bavelisa uqhagamshelo oluncinane phakathi kwezixhobo ze-elektroniki ngokuchaneka okuphezulu. Ngaphezu koko, oomatshini bokudibanisa ucingo banokwenza zombini ibhola kunye ne-wedge bonding besebenzisa izinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya igolide kunye nobhedu.
Ukongeza, imfuno oomatshini be-electrochemical Kulindeleke ukuba ande ngenxa yokukwazi ukuvelisa iimilo ze-elektroniki ezintsonkothileyo ngokuchaneka okuphezulu. Ngaphaya koko, ezi zixhobo zoomatshini zisebenzisa indlela engenabushushu, engadibanisiyo yokusetyenzwa kwemathiriyeli enobuntununtunu be-thermal njengeepolima kunye ne-composites.
Ubunjineli obuchanekileyo
Ubunjineli obuchanekileyo bubambe indawo ebalulekileyo kwicandelo loshishino laseSingapore. Ngo-2021, imveliso yemizi-mveliso evela kule ndawo ivelise ngaphezulu US $ 35 ibhiliyoni. Ngoko ayimangalisi into yokuba iSingapore ibe ngumvelisi ohamba phambili wezixhobo ze-semiconductor, igalelo elimangalisayo. 20% kwimveliso yehlabathi.
Ngenxa yoku kukhula, abavelisi bamacandelo achanekileyo baya kuqhubeka nokufuna ukucwangciswa Oomatshini be-CNC ukulungelelanisa iinkqubo zabo zobunjineli kunye nokuphelisa iimpazamo zokudibanisa. Aba matshini benza ukuba abasebenzisi bafake izalathiso ezineenkcukacha ngenkqubo yolawulo lwamanani, okukhokelela kumatshini ozenzekelayo opheleleyo kunye nokuchaneka okukhethekileyo.
Ngaphezulu kwezixhobo zeCNC, oomatshini bokukhupha umbane Kulindeleke ukuba babone imfuno eyongeziweyo, njengoko benamandla okusebenza iintsimbi ezinzima kunye nemathiriyeli yokuqhuba ngelixa begcina ukunyamezela okuchanekileyo kunye neenkcukacha ezintsonkothileyo. Basebenzisa ukukhutshwa kombane ukuze basuse izinto ezibonakalayo kwi-workpiece, evumela ukuba kudalwe iimilo eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye neziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuchaneka okuphezulu.
➕ Funda ngokugqithisileyo: Itshintsha njani imveliso yomatshini?
Thayilendi
Ubukumkani baseThailand, obufudula bubizwa ngokuba yiSiam, lilizwe elilawulwa yimimandla enamahlathi aneenduli kunye namasimi achumileyo erayisi. Oku kuchaza ukuba kutheni ilizwe lithembele kakhulu kwezolimo kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, kodwa namhlanje, icandelo lezoshishino liyintsika yoqoqosho lwaseThailand.
Ukusebenza ngexabiso eliphantsi kunye nobuninzi bezinto eziluhlaza zincede iThailand ukuba ibe yindawo enomtsalane kwiinkampani zokwenza izinto. Ngaphaya koko, ilizwe liqhayisa ngezinga lokuthatha inxaxheba kwabasebenzi 67% nangona bembalwa abantu abazizigidi ezingama-57.
Namhlanje, icandelo lemizi-mveliso lisebenza njengowona mandla okuqhuba uqoqosho, linegalelo kuqoqosho 16% yengqesho epheleleyo eThailand. Ikwalelona shishini libalulekileyo kwilizwe elithumela ngaphandle, libalwa ngokumalunga Ikota enye yeGDP yayo iyonke.
Ukongeza, isalathisi semveliso yesizwe (MPI) sizuze irekhodi eliphezulu 112.28 amanqaku ngo-2022. Ngenxa yoko, imfuno yoomatshini bemizi-mveliso ihlangabezana nokunyuka, ngokuyintloko kubangelwa ukukhula okuqinileyo kushishino lwe-elektroniki kunye nemveliso yeplastiki.
➕ Funda ngokugqithisileyo: Isishwankathelo esibanzi secandelo lemveliso eThailand
Electronics
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ishishini le-elektroniki laseThailand liye lakhula kakhulu, linegalelo 14% yelizwe lonke ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle. Ngo-2025, ixabiso loshishino liqikelelwa ukuba lifike I-US $ 7 yezigidigidi.
Ilizwe lenze iinzame ezimanyeneyo zokukhuthaza uqoqosho oluqhutywa ngokwedijithali ngokusebenzisa “Ishishini laseThailand 4.0” isicwangciso, esijonge ukonyusa izinga lomnikelo wonxibelelwano kunye namacandelo e-elektroniki 25% yeGDP yelizwe ngo-2027.
Ngenxa yala manyathelo oluntu, iThailand iye yaba yeyona Okwesibini ngobukhulu umrhwebi wabaqhubi bekhompyuter kunye namacandelo angaphakathi. Oku kuchaza ukuba kutheni amashishini aphezulu e-Singapore aya kuqhubeka nomthombo oomatshini bokubeka ifilimu encinci ekudalweni kweentloko zemagneti, into ebalulekileyo kwii-hard drives.
Aba matshini bokubekwa bafaka iiyaleko ezicekethekileyo zemathiriyeli kumphezulu onje ngee-silicone wafers okanye ii-substrates zeglasi, ezikhokelela kumaleko obhityileyo ngokumangalisayo wemagnethi enobungqingqwa obungaguqukiyo.
➕ Funda ngokugqithisileyo: Nguwuphi umahluko phakathi kokwalekwa kwentsimbi kunye nokufakwa kwentsimbi?
Ngokufanayo, oomatshini bokwenza i-electroplating iya kufumana ukuthandwa ngakumbi phakathi kwabavelisi kwiminyaka ezayo. Isixhobo esinzima esinjalo sivumela ukugquma imiphezulu yesinyithi kunye nomaleko obhityileyo wentsimbi eyahlukileyo, ekhokelela ekomelezeni okuphuculweyo kunye nokuqina okwandisiweyo kumacandelo angaphakathi e-elektroniki.
Iinkqubo zokukhupha iglue baya kufumana ukuthandwa okubonakalayo ngenxa yokukwazi kwabo ukusebenzisa izisombululo zokuncamathelisa ngokuchaneka kwe-pinpoint kwizinto ezithathu. Ngokunciphisa impazamo yabantu kunye nokuphucula ukuchaneka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-± 0.02mm, ezi nkqubo zingqina ukuba zixabiseke kakhulu xa zijongene nezinto ezintsonkothileyo ezifana nee-hard drives zekhompyutha kunye neediski zemagnethi.
Ukwenziwa kweplastiki
Icandelo leplastiki laseThailand linegalelo elikhulu I-US $ 36.9 yezigidigidi kuqoqosho lwesizwe ngokubanzi, ukuvelisa iitoni ezizigidi ezili-11.8 zeempahla ezahlukeneyo zeplastiki kunye neemveliso, kubandakanywa iirasi kunye ne-bioplastics.
Ngapha koko, iThailand iye yavela njengenye umvelisi obalaseleyo yecellulose kunye nepulp mills, ekhokelela ekwandeni kwemfuno yezixhobo zoshishino ezifana iigranulators kwaye oomatshini boxinzelelo behydraulic. Ezi zixhobo zoomatshini, kwaye ngakumbi iigranulator, ziqhekeza kwaye ziqhubela phambili i-resin yeplastiki kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya iipellets, iigranules, umgubo, okanye iiflakes.
Ukongeza, kuya kubakho imfuno ubugcisa bokubumba, ukuguqula izinto eziluhlaza ezilungiselelwe ngamagranulator kwiintlobo ezininzi zeemveliso zeplastiki. Ngokufudumeza kunye nokubumba izinto zeplastiki ekrwada, oomatshini bokubumba banokwenza uluhlu lwezinto ezahlukeneyo, ezinjengeebhotile, izikhongozeli, iinxalenye zemoto, kunye nezinto zokudlala.
➕ Funda ngokugqithisileyo: Izinto eziphambili zokufumana oomatshini boshishino eThailand
Filipayinzi
IiPhilippines lilizwe elikuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia elikwichweba eliphakathi koLwandle lwasePhilippine kunye noLwandle lwase China. Ngabantu abasebenza ngaphezulu 44 million, eli lizwe lesiqithi linomnye wabasebenzi abakhulu kwi-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia kwaye kulindeleke ukuba liqhubeke likhula njengoko uphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo luqhubeka luyinto ephambili kurhulumente wasePhilippines.
Abaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo basePhilippine baye batyala imali kakhulu kwidolophu ekhawulezayo yombane ngokusebenzisa Yakha Yakha Yakha inkqubo, esele yenze inkqubela ebonakalayo ekwakheni uthungelwano olutsha lwezothutho, iigridi zamandla, kunye neendawo zemizi-mveliso. Enyanisweni, utyalo-mali loluntu kwiziseko ezingundoqo luthathiwe 6% yeGDP yelizwe ngo-2022.
Ngenxa yoko, icandelo lezoshishino kwiiPhilippines likhule kakhulu kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo. Ngoku iyaphendula 25% ye-GDP yesizwe—eyona pesenti iphezulu ukusukela ngo-1980—kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba iza kukhula ngakumbi njengoko iiprojekthi zemizi-mveliso ziqhubela phambili ukuphuhla kwilizwe lonke.
Inxalenye enkulu yolu lwando loqoqosho lunokubalelwa kukwanda komthamo wemveliso yemizi-mveliso, eye yanyuka 10.6% unyaka nonyaka ngoJanuwari 2023. Ngoko ayimangalisi into yokuba ukwenziwa koomatshini boshishino kunye nezixhobo kuqhubele phambili ngokumangalisayo. US $ 38.03 Ibhiliyoni ngexabiso elipheleleyo ukusuka ku-2020 ukuya ku-2022. I-textile kunye nokulungiswa kokutya kuqhubeka ukuba ngamacandelo amabini abalulekileyo aqhuba ukukhula kwamashishini kwiiPhilippines.
Ilaphu kunye nempahla
Ishishini lempahla yelaphu lasePhilippine libonisa amandla amangalisayo, liqhayisa ngexabiso lemarike. US $ 5.08 ibhiliyoni ngo-2023. Ngaphaya koko, izinga lokukhula kweli candelo liqikelelwa ukuba libe nokuthambekela okungaguqukiyo kule minyaka mihlanu ilandelayo, ukufikelela kwi-CAGR ye-3.53% ukusuka ngo-2023 ukuya ku-2027.
Kwaye ngokunyuka kwemfuno yempahla exabiso likhulu, engeyiyo eyobunewunewu, kuya kubakho ukunyuka okuhambelanayo kwimfuno yokomelela. izixhobo ezifayo ukwenza ukuqhubekeka kunye nokugqiba imisebenzi ngokufanelekileyo.
Aba matshini bayilelwe ukusebenzisa imibala eqaqambileyo kuluhlu olwahlukileyo lwamalaphu, kuquka imathiriyeli eethe-ethe njengesilika kunye neleyisi, besebenzisa ubuchule obususela kwidayi yejethi ukuya ekudayeni kwemiqadi.
Bexatyiswe kakhulu ngesakhono sabo sokunikezela ngemibala efanayo, aba matshini badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yelaphu, ukuququzelela imisebenzi ukusuka ekulungiseleleni ukuluka ngokunitha kunye nokugqiba.
➕ Funda ngokugqithisileyo: Indlela yokukhetha oomatshini abafanelekileyo bokuluka
Ngaphezu koko, ukwenziwa kwamalaphu kuya kufuna isantya esiphezulu oomatshini bokusonta ekwaziyo ukuvelisa imisonto enobunzima obahlukeneyo, ukuthungwa, kunye namandla. Inkqubo yokusonta ngokwayo ivelisa uluhlu lweempawu ze-textile, ukusuka kwiingubo ezikhaphukhaphu kunye neziphefumlayo ukuya kwizinto ezinzima, ezinomswakama.
Ukulungiswa kokutya
Engaphezulu kwe 9,000 izityalo zokulungisa ukutya zisebenza kwiiPhilippines, zivelisa umdla US $ 2 Iibhiliyoni zeempahla. Ukuba negalelo kwi-over 50% Kwimveliso epheleleyo yakwiiPhilippines, ishishini lokulungisa ukutya elichumayo liye laba lelinye lamacandelo aphambili elizweni, liqhayisa nge-CAGR ye-8%.
➕ Funda ngokugqithisileyo: Iindlela ezi-8 eziphambili zokwenziwa kokutya ngo-2023
Kwiminyaka ezayo, ukudityaniswa kwerobhothi kunye neenkqubo ezizenzekelayo ekusetyenzweni kokutya kusetelwe ukubhabha. Eqhutywa ngumnqweno wokonyusa isantya semveliso kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wongcoliseko, abalungisi bokutya bamkela amandla obuchwephesha bokuphakamisa imisebenzi yabo.
Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwiinkampani zokutya ezenza iinkqubo eziphambili ezinjengokukha, ukupakisha, kunye nokuhlamba. Ezi nkqubo zinomngcipheko omkhulu wokungcola phakathi kwezinto ezingalungiswanga kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo ukuba izenzo ezilungileyo zokucoceka azigcinwa kuzo zonke izigaba zokuvelisa.
Isidingo iirobhothi zococeko ekulungiseni ukutya kucacile. Abagcini nje ukuphucula umgangatho wemveliso ngokuthintela ukungcoliseka kwiindawo ezingcolileyo okanye izixhobo, kodwa baphucula ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi ngokunciphisa ukudibana neekhemikhali eziyingozi.
Omnye umngeni ojongene nabalungiseleli bokutya yimfuneko yokupakisha izixa ezikhulu ngaxeshanye—nto leyo ethetha ukuba bafuna izixhobo ezikwaziyo ukusingatha imithwalo enzima ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo.
izenzekele oomatshini bokupakisha beplastiki bayakwazi ukwenza oko ngokunika ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nokuba ingakanani imveliso ezaliswe kwiphakheji nganye, ukuba igcwele kangakanani ipakethe nganye, nokuba kukho naziphi na iziphene ezifana neepakethi ezonakalisiweyo okanye izinto ezingekhoyo.
➕ Funda ngokugqithisileyo: Iindlela zemarike zoomatshini ezi-6 eziphambili kwiiPhilippines
Indoneshiya
I-Indonesia likhaya kubasebenzi abasebenzayo 135 million abantu, uninzi lwabo lulutsha, nto leyo eyenza ibe ngumgodi wabasebenzi onomtsalane kumashishini amashishini. Umyinge wabasebenzi e-Indonesia ufumana umvuzo US $ 82 ngenyanga-ngaphantsi isinye kwisihlanu yento enokubiza amashishini ukuqesha umntu onesakhono esifanayo eTshayina okanye eIndiya.
Imarike yoomatshini bemizi-mveliso kweli lizwe linqamlezileyo ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, ikhuthazwa ngabasebenzi abaneendleko eziphantsi kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente yokukhawulezisa ushishino lwezoqoqosho. Enyanisweni, ingeniso yokwenziwa koomatshini kunye nezixhobo yayimile I-US $ 8 yezigidigidi phakathi kwe-2014 kunye ne-2021.
Eli nani limiselwe ukukhula njengoko i-Indonesia iqhubeka nokutyhalela ekubeni liziko lemveliso yehlabathi. Ngokwenene, icandelo lezoshishino livelisa ngakumbi ngaphezu 19% yeGDP yesizwe kunye nee-akhawunti phezu kwe70% yokuthunyelwa kwayo kumazwe angaphandle. Ukwenziwa kwe-auto kunye nokupakishwa kweplastiki kuya kuqhubeka nokufaka imfuno yamafutha koomatshini boshishino kunye nezixhobo kwikamva elibonakalayo.
Automotive
I-Indonesia ikwindawo yesibini ngobukhulu kwiimoto, ithengisa ngaphezulu units 887,000 ngo-2021 kuphela. Ilizwe likwabambe eyona nickel reserve inkulu ehlabathini 21 million iitoni. Oku kuyenza ibe yindawo efanelekileyo yoshishino yokuvelisa iibhetri zemoto zombane.
Ngokunyuka kokuveliswa kwezithuthi, izisombululo zokuhlola iimoto ziya kuba zifunwa kakhulu ukujonga iindawo zesithuthi ezinje ngeendibano ze-chassis kunye neepaneli zocango. Iinkqubo zokuphatha ezikhokelwa ngumbono ngobuchule bekhamera ye3D lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwezixhobo zoomatshini bokuhlola. Ezi nkqubo zivumela abaqhubi ukuba benze uhlolo lwe-dimensional kwiindawo zemoto ngokuchaneka okuphezulu.
➕ Funda ngokugqithisileyo: Iindlela ezi-5 eziphezulu zeteknoloji yesixhobo somatshini kushishino lweemoto
Oomatshini bokuwelda sesinye isixhobo esinzima soshishino esiya kubona ukwanda kwemfuno kushishino lweemoto. Zizizixhobo zesinyithi ezisebenzisa umsinga wombane ukufudumeza iindawo zentsimbi, ngoko ke zithambile ngokwaneleyo ukuba zibunjwe kwaye zidityaniswe kunye. Aba matshini bangumqolo weenkqubo zokwenziwa kweemoto, ukubumba iinkqubo zokukhupha kunye nokwakha iipakethi zebhetri kwiimoto zombane.
Packaging
Umzi-mveliso wokupakisha usisiseko esingangenekiyo phantse kuwo onke amacandelo ase-Indonesia, kuquka nokuveliswa kokutya nesiselo. Iyakhula kwi-CAGR ye 2.4% ngengeniso elindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-US$ 159.2 yezigidi ngo-2024. ngaphezu kwesigamu yemalike iyonke ngenxa yokuphatheka kwayo, ukuthengiseka kwakhona, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko.
Imfuno izixhobo ze-extrusion iya kunyuka njengoko ishishini lokupakisha liqhubeka nokukhula kwaye lisiba nobuchule ngakumbi. Ukusetyenziswa kwezi zixhobo zoomatshini boshishino ukusuka kwiiplastiki eziqinileyo kunye neebhodi zephepha ukuya kwiglasi ekhaphukhaphu. Basebenzisa uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu ukunyusa ukuhamba kwezinto ngokufa okanye ukubumba ukwenza iimilo ezivela kwiipellet zeplastiki okanye izinto zamaphepha.
➕ Funda ngokugqithisileyo: Iindlela eziphambili zokupakisha koomatshini ngo-2023
Ngokukhula kwemfuno yokupakishwa okutywiniweyo kunye nokukhuselweyo, imfuno yoomatshini abakwazi ukutywina iipakethe zemveliso nayo iyenyuka. Ngoko, izixhobo zokuvala i-clamshell iyakuhlala ilicandelo elibalulekileyo kwiinkampani ezivelisa ukutya.
Esi sixhobo somzi-mveliso siqinisekisa ukuba ukupakishwa kweplastiki kuhlala kutywiniwe kwaye kukhuselwe, ukuphelisa ukuvuza okanye ukungcoliseka okunokwenzeka. Oku bakwenza ngokuthatha iziqingatha ezibini zeqokobhe elimile njengeclam baze bazidibanise nehenjisi—zonke ezi zinto ngaphandle kokudibana nomntu.
➕ Funda ngokugqithisileyo: Isishwankathelo semarike yoomatshini boshishino eIndonesia
Imeko yokhuphiswano kwimarike yoomatshini boshishino eSEA
Imakethi yoomatshini boshishino kuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia iphawulwa linqanaba eliphezulu lokudityaniswa, apho abadlali abathathu abaphambili balawula intengiso: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd., Komatsu Ltd., kunye Caterpillar Inc.
Aba bavelisi boomatshini baye bakwazi ukugcina inqaba yabo kwimakethi ye-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia ngokusebenzisa amandla okuzenzekelayo kunye nedijithali yezisombululo zabo zoomatshini, ukubandakanya itekhnoloji ephezulu efana ne-Intanethi yeZinto (IoT) kunye nobukrelekrele boBugcisa (AI).
Ukubandakanya izakhono ezizenzekelayo kunye ne-algorithms ye-AI koomatshini babo kwenze aba bavelisi bakhulu ukuba babonelele ngezixhobo ezinzima eziphucula inkqubo yokwenza izigqibo, zizenzele imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo, kwaye zivumela uhlengahlengiso oluziqhelanisayo nokusebenza kwesixhobo.
Ngokomzekelo, iCaterpillar Inc. isebenzisa i-IoT kunye nedatha enkulu ukuphumeza ukulungiswa kwangaphambili koomatshini babo bemizi-mveliso. Baye baphuhlisa i-algorithm yokufunda ngomatshini eqikelela ukuba injini iya kusilela nini ngokusekelwe kwizinto eziguquguqukayo ezifana nobushushu, ukungcangcazela, isantya kunye ne-RPM.
I-algorithm ke ithumela izilumkiso kubachwephesha ukuze bakwazi ukwenza ulondolozo phambi kokuba injini ingaphumeleli ngokupheleleyo. Oku kuvumela amagcisa ukuba acwangcise ukugcinwa kothintelo ngamaxesha afanelekileyo kunokulinda ukuba kwenzeke ingxaki.
I-Mitsubishi, kwelinye icala, iqhubele phambili kwidijithali ngokudibanisa i-automated Directed Directed Energy Deposition (DED) kwinqaku labo lamva nje. umshicileli wesinyithi 3D. Lo msebenzi uququzelela ukubeka esweni ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokuzinzisa isimo somatshini.
Ngaphaya koko, itekhnoloji ye-DED ivumela oomatshini bokushicilela be-3D abatsha ukuba benze amacandelo e-titanium alloy ngokuchaneka okumangalisayo kwe-0.05mm, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zemizi-mveliso ye-aerospace kunye ne-aviation.
➕ Funda ngokugqithisileyo: Iindidi ezisi-8 zezixhobo zokuvelisa ekufuneka uzazi
Vula uguquko lwezoshishino lwaseMzantsi-mpuma Asia
Zimnkile iintsuku apho amazwe akuMzantsi-mpuma Asia ayethembele kuphela kumacandelo aphambili afana nokhenketho kunye nezolimo ukuze baziphilise. Namhlanje, imveliso iba ngoyena mqhubi wohlumo loqoqosho, iqhubela lo mmandla kwindawo ebonakalayo kwihlabathi njengendawo yokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kwimizi-mveliso.
Ngokuqonda ngokubanzi awona mashishini aphambili e-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia kunye noomatshini abafunekayo boshishino kunye nezixhobo, amashishini ngoku anokuthi ngokuzithemba afumane umphetho wokusika. oomatshini bokushicilela kwaye ibe yinxalenye yotshintsho lwemizi-mveliso yommandla.
