Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imisebenzi yokuvelisa inyukile ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nemfuno yehlabathi yeeplastiki kunye neentsimbi. Ngenxa yoko, ukusetyenziswa kwenaliti yokubumba kunye neenkqubo ze-extrusion nazo zikhule kakhulu. Ezi nkqubo zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iiplastiki ezininzi ngesantya sokhuphiswano.
Noko ke, ezi ndlela zimbini zinomahluko omkhulu. Umzekelo, ukubumba inaliti ifaneleke ngakumbi kwiimilo ezimacala-ntathu, ngelixa i-extrusion ingcono kwiimilo ezine-dimensional. Le bhlog iphinda ithelekise ezi nkqubo, iphonononga ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwimveliso yeplastiki, izinto eziluncedo nezingalunganga, kunye nomahluko omkhulu.
Isiqulatho
Inkqubo yokubumba isitofu
Inkqubo Extrusion
Umahluko phakathi kwesitofu sokubumba kunye ne-extrusion
isiphelo
Inkqubo yokubumba isitofu
Abavelisi kwihlabathi liphela bamkela iinkqubo kunye nezinto ezintsha eziququzelela imveliso ephantsi ngexabiso eliphantsi. Ngenxa yoko, ukubumba inaliti kuye kwaba yinkqubo yokuya kuninzi lwabavelisi kuba isebenzisa itekhnoloji enexabiso eliphantsi ukwenza imveliso yomthamo ophezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa okubanzi. Oku kungqinwa kukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwemarike yenaliti yehlabathi, ethe yaxatyiswa I-261.8 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2021 kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ikhule kwi-CAGR ye-4.8% phakathi kuka-2022-2030.
Inkqubo yokubumba inaliti iguqula i-resin yeplastiki ibe yimveliso yeplastiki entsonkothileyo kusetyenziswa ubushushu, uxinzelelo, i-injector, kunye nokungunda. Kule meko, iplastiki eqinile iyancibilika kwindawo ethile yokunyibilika kwaye ifakwe kwisakhiwo sokubumba kwisantya esinikiweyo. I umatshini wokutofa inikeza uxinzelelo olufunekayo, ngelixa umzila wamanzi uququzelela ukupholisa ukufumana imveliso efunekayo.
Izinto eziluncedo zokubumba inaliti
- Ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokuchaneka
- Ukuhambelana neeplastiki ezininzi
- Iindleko ezisebenzayo kwimveliso ephezulu
- Ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nemveliso
- Ukusebenza okuhambelanayo
nezingeloncedo
- Amaxesha amade okuqala
- Ayifanelekanga kwimveliso yomthamo ophantsi
- Iindleko eziphezulu zokumisela
Inkqubo Extrusion
Ukukhula kwicandelo lezemveliso kwihlabathi kukhuthaza imfuno oomatshini be-extrusion. Le mfuno ibonakaliswe kwimarike yoomatshini behlabathi, ethe yaxatyiswa I-8.33 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2022 kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ikhule kwi-CAGR ye-4.3% phakathi kuka-2023-2030.
Iimveliso ezongeziweyo zikwimfuno enkulu njengoko zisetyenziswa kumashishini amaninzi ehlabathi, kubandakanya iimoto, iimpahla zabathengi, kunye nokupakishwa. Ngelixa inkqubo ye-extrusion ingasetyenziselwa kwisinyithi kunye neekeramics, isetyenziswa ngokuyintloko ngezinto zeplastiki, ezibalelayo. 76.9% yesabelo sengeniso yehlabathi ngo-2022.
Inkqubo ye-extrusion ibandakanya ukondla izixhobo ze-thermoplastic kwi-intruder, apho zifudumala, zinyibilike, kwaye zinyanzeliswe ngokufa ukuze zenze imilo eqhubekayo, ethile. I-extruder ibandakanya isikrufu esijikelezayo esityhala izinto ezityhidiweyo phambili, zibonelela ngoxinzelelo oluyimfuneko lwe-extrusion. Njengoko i-material iphuma kwi-die, iyaqina kwaye igcine imilo efunekayo. Le nkqubo ifanelekile ekudaleni iimveliso ezifana iifilimu ezivuthelweyo, iipleyiti, iityhubhu, iintonga kunye nezinto ezibunjiweyo.
eziluncedo
- Efanelekileyo kwimveliso ephezulu
- Amanqanaba amaninzi
- Ixabiso eliphantsi
- Ukugqiba okuphezulu okuphezulu
nezingeloncedo
- Ukungakwazi ukusingatha ukuphambuka kwi-cross-section okanye ubungakanani
- Iinkxalabo zokusingqongileyo ezinokwenzeka
Umahluko phakathi kwesitofu sokubumba kunye ne-extrusion
Nangona kubonwa ukufana phakathi kwenaliti yokubumba kunye neenkqubo ze-extrusion, ziyahluka kwimiba eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa iziseko zenkqubo, inqanaba lokuchaneka, kunye nokuhambelana.
inkqubo
I-injection molding kunye ne-extrusion isebenzisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ukuvelisa imveliso yokugqibela.
1) Inkqubo yokubumba i-injection
Inkqubo yokubumba inaliti iqala ngokunyibilika kwezinto kwaye ifakwe kwisakhiwo sokubumba kunye nemingxuma yesimo esifunekayo, apho ipholisa kwaye iqiniswe. Inkqubo yenzeka kumjikelo othile oquka izigaba ezisixhenxe eziphambili ezichazwe ngezantsi.
- Amalungiselelo okubumba kwangaphambili
Abavelisi bajonge ukwenza iimveliso ezisemgangathweni kwaye bajonge ukugudisa yokufakelwa kwiplastiki inkqubo yamkele imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yamalungiselelo. Ezi ziquka:
- Ukulungisa imathiriyeli ekrwada
- Ukucoca umgqomo
- Ukufudumala i-insert
- Ukukhetha i-arhente yokukhulula
- Ukongeza imathiriyeli
Inyathelo lokuqala kwinkqubo yokubumba inaliti yongeza izinto. Izinto eziphathekayo kufuneka zongezwe ngokobuninzi ngokugcina umthamo ungaguqukiyo ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kokusebenza kunye nokufana kweplastiki, okubangelwa iimveliso eziphezulu.
- Ukwenza iplastiki
Umphanda kwi umatshini wokubumba isitofu isetyenziselwa ukufudumeza, ukucinezela, kunye nokuxuba imathiriyeli yokubumba, ngaloo ndlela ukuyiguqula ukusuka kwi-granular eqinileyo okanye umgubo okhululekileyo ube yi-homogenized melt eqhubekayo.
- Ukutofa
I-plunger okanye isikrufu senza uxinzelelo olubalulekileyo ngesilinda kunye nepiston, siqhubela phambili iplastiki eyenziwe ngeplastiki inyibilika kuyo yomibini imilomo yombhobho wangaphambili kunye nombhobho wokungunda.
- Ukupholisa
Nje ukuba inyibilike yeplastiki ifakwe kumgodi wokungunda ovaliweyo, izinto zokupholisa ezifana namanzi, umoya, okanye ioyile ziyaziswa ukupholisa ngakumbi ukungunda.
- Ukwakhiwa
Ngeli xesha, iplastiki epholileyo ityhilwa ngaphandle kokungunda kusetyenziswa indlela yokukhupha, efana nezikhonkwane ze-ejector okanye iipleyiti. Esi sigaba siphawula ukuphela kwenkqubo yokubumba i-injection ngokuqinisekisa ukuba inxalenye egqityiweyo yokubumba iyahlukana ngaphandle kokwenza umonakalo okanye ukuphazamiseka kwimilo yayo.
- Imveliso emva kokulungiswa
Esi sigaba se-post-processing sibandakanya imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, efana nokususa uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo kwiindawo ezibunjiweyo ezibonakaliswe kwiiyantlukwano zobunzima, iintanda, okanye iimilo eziphosakeleyo. Kusenokubandakanya ukufuma, okubandakanya ukuzinzisa umbala welungu elibunjiweyo, ukusebenza kunye nobukhulu.
2) Inkqubo ye-extrusion
Ngexesha le-extrusion, i-polymer material inyanzeliswa ngokufa usebenzisa i-screw okanye i-plunger phantsi koxinzelelo. Inkqubo ye-extrusion yahlulwe yangamanqanaba amathathu:
- Iplastiki yezinto eziphathekayo kunye noxinzelelo
Eli nqanaba libandakanya ukondla izinto eziluhlaza, ngendlela yeepellets okanye iigranules, kwi i-extruder nge hopper. Isikrufu sisetyenziselwa ukutyhala izinto emgqomeni, ziwubeke esichengeni sobushushu kunye nesenzo soomatshini ukuqalisa ukwenziwa kweplastiki. Oku kuguqula izinto zibe yimeko etyhidiweyo okanye iplastiki. Ngaxeshanye, i-screw ejikelezayo ivelisa ubushushu, ikhuthaza ukuxuba, kwaye ifake uxinzelelo lokuqinisekisa iplastiki engaguqukiyo yezinto eziphathekayo.
- Ukubumba
Kule nqanaba, izinto ezikhutshiweyo zidlula kwizinto ezibunjwayo zokufa, ezibandakanya ukuvuleka okukhethekileyo okanye iziteshi. Ezi zinceda izinto ezikhutshiweyo zithathe ifom efunwayo, imilo, kunye nemilinganiselo.
- Ukupholisa
Njengoko imathiriyeli eyongeziweyo ishiya idayizi ingena kwindawo yokupholisa, ibeke esichengeni kwiindlela zokupholisa ezinjengomoya we-ambient, izitshizi zamanzi, okanye iibhafu zokupholisa. Oku kunceda ukunciphisa ubushushu bezinto kwaye ziqinise, ngaloo ndlela ziguqule ukusuka kwimeko etyhidiweyo ukuya kwimo eqinileyo.
Ukuhambelana neeplastiki
Ngelixa ezinye iintlobo zeeplastiki ezisetyenziselwa ukubumba inaliti kunye ne-extrusion zinokuthi zidlulele, izinto ezithile zinokuthi zilungele ngakumbi inkqubo enye okanye enye ngenxa yeenguqu kwiipropati kunye nokuhambelana. Umzekelo, ukubumba inaliti iyahambelana nazo zonke iintlobo zeeplastiki, kubandakanya i-thermoplastics kunye neeplastiki ezininzi ze-thermoset. Oku kuhambelana kusekelwe kwinkqubo yokukwazi ukucubungula izinto ezinokwakheka kweekhemikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ngokuchasene noko, uninzi ii-extruders zihambelana kakhulu ne-thermoplastics eneempawu ezibalaseleyo zokunyibilika kunye nokuzinza. Oku kungenxa yokuba inkqubo ubukhulu becala ixhomekeke ekuhambeni okuqhubekayo kwemathiriyeli ye-extrusion egudileyo.
hle
Ukubunjwa kwesitofu kunika ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokunyamezela okuqinisiweyo kune-extrusion. Yaziwa ngokukwazi kwayo ukuvelisa iindawo ezichaneke kakhulu nezintsokothileyo ngokuchaneka okubalaseleyo komgangatho. Oku kungenxa yokuba inkqubo ibandakanya ukutofa imathiriyeli etyhidiweyo phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu kumngxuma wokungunda ovaliweyo, ngaloo ndlela kube lula ukulawula okuchanekileyo kubume bemveliso yokugqibela, ubungakanani, kunye nokugqiba komphezulu.
I-extrusion ibandakanya ukuhamba okuqhubekayo kwezinto ezityhidiweyo kwidayisi. Ngelixa i-extrusion isifa inokwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo, inqanaba lokuchaneka lisezantsi kunelo lokubumba inaliti. Nangona kunjalo, i-extrusion inokufikelela kumanqanaba achanekileyo achanekileyo, ngakumbi ngeemilo ezilula kunye neeprojekthi ezifuna ukunyamezela okungqongqo.
Izinto eziphathekayo
I-Material fluidity licandelo elibalulekileyo kuzo zombini iinkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, ukudumba kwenaliti kufuna ulwelo oluphezulu lwezinto zokuqinisekisa ukugcwaliswa komngundo okufanelekileyo, ngakumbi kwiimveliso ezintsonkothileyo nezibhityileyo. Izinto ezinyibilikisiweyo ezisetyenziswa kule nkqubo kufuneka zibe nolwelo olubalaseleyo ukuze zisasazeke ngokulula kwiikhonto ezintsonkothileyo zemingxuma yokungunda, iikona, kunye namacandelo amancinci.
Ngokuchaseneyo, i-extrusion ineemfuno zokuhamba kwezinto ezingqongqo ngenxa yokuqhubekeka kwayo kunye nendalo evulekileyo. Kule nkqubo, akukho mfuneko yokuzalisa imingxuma yokungunda entsonkothileyo, oku kuthetha ukuba izixhobo zifuna kuphela ulwelo olwaneleyo lokuhamba kakuhle ngokufa kunye nokugcina imilo engaguqukiyo kunye nemilinganiselo ngobude bemveliso ekhutshiweyo.
Nyibilikisa amandla
Zombini iinkqubo zifuna amanqanaba ahlukeneyo amandla okunyibilika. Umzekelo, ukubumba inaliti ayifuni amandla okunyibilika aphezulu kuba iiplastiki zibunjwe ngendlela yokufa, ngoko ke ziphantsi kwemida yejometri. Ukongezelela, izinto eziphathekayo zijojowe ekupholiseni okulawulwayo, ukuvumela ukuqina ngokukhawuleza.
Kwi-extrusion, i-material iphuma kwi-die ngokukhululekileyo kwaye inokufuna iinkqubo ezilandelayo ezifana ne-thermoforming kunye ne-hollow blow molding. Ezi nkqubo zinokubangela ukugqwetheka okufana nokuthoba kunye nokwelula, okunokuthi kuthobe umgangatho wemveliso egqityiweyo. Ke ngoko, amandla esinyithi afunekayo aphezulu kwi-extrusion kunasekubumbeni inaliti.
isiphelo
Ukukhula kwicandelo lemveliso kuphucule kakhulu ukwamkelwa kwesitofu sokubumba kunye ne-extrusion. Ngelixa zombini iinkqubo zisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweplastiki, zinomohluko omkhulu wokusebenza kunye neempawu. Umzekelo, ukubumba inaliti ifanelekile kwiimveliso ze-3D, ngelixa i-extrusion ifanelekile kwiimveliso ze-2D. Ukongeza, ukubunjwa kwenaliti kuyahambelana noluhlu olubanzi lweeplastiki xa kuthelekiswa ne-extrusion. Ke ngoko, ukukhetha phakathi kwezi zibini kufuneka kusekelwe kuqwalaselo olucokisekileyo kunye nokucwangciswa kwenkqubo, izixhobo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Ukufumana amawaka eemveliso kunye noomatshini abanxulumene nokubumba inaliti kunye ne-extrusion, ndwendwela Chovm.com.
