Ekuqaleni kwezolimo, abemi behlabathi babezizigidi ezi-5 kuphela. Ngo-2050, abemi behlabathi kulindeleke ukuba bafikelele kwi-9.6 yezigidigidi. Oku kuya kuzisa imingeni emitsha, eyona inkulu kule kukukwazi ukondla wonke umntu. into yokuZenzekelayo sele iyinxalenye enkulu yokuphucula imveliso yezolimo, kodwa njengoko imozulu etshintshayo izisa ukungaqiniseki okukhulu, amafama aya kufuna uncedo lokuqinisekisa ukuba banokusabela kwiipatheni zemozulu ezintsha kwaye bangaphulukani nezityalo zabo.
Isiqulatho:
Yintoni ukulima ngobuchule kunye nomatshini ozenzekelayo kwezolimo kwaye kutheni zibalulekile?
Zeziphi iindlela zamva nje zemathiriyeli yokulima ngobuchule?
Ukukhetha imathiriyeli yokulima ekrelekrele kunye namalungu omatshini ozenzekelayo wokuthengisa
Yintoni ukulima ngobuchule kunye nomatshini ozenzekelayo kwezolimo kwaye kutheni zibalulekile?
Ihlabathi litshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwaye lineziphumo ezimangalisayo kwishishini lezolimo:
- Ukonyuka kokutyeba kakhulu kunye neengxaki zempilo kuqhuba abantu ukuba bajonge imveliso esempilweni ngaphandle kwezibulali zinambuzane, izongezo, okanye amafutha angenampilo.
- Uluntu luye lwaqaphela ngakumbi imfuneko yeemeko ezingcono zokulima, kunye nephulo elikhulu lokuya kwi-veganism, ngakumbi eNtshona.
- Ukufudumala kwehlabathi kuya kusiba yintlekele ebonakalayo kwihlabathi jikelele, ngokutyhala koorhulumente kuyo yonke indawo ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza kunye nokusebenzisa amandla amancinci.
- Utshintsho kwimo engqongileyo luthetha ilahleko enkulu yokutya, kunye nezityalo ezingaphumelelanga ngenxa yeendlela ezingaqhelekanga zemozulu kunye nokuphazamiseka kumashishini enyama nawobisi okubangelwa kuqhambuko lwezifo.
- Ukukhula kwabemi kuthetha imfuneko yokutya okungakumbi kunye nokuncipha kwezixa ezikhulu zokulahlwa kokutya kulo lonke iplanethi.
Olu tshintsho, lwezimvo kunye nokusingqongileyo, lufuna utshintsho kwiinkqubo zethu zezolimo. Ingxelo yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ngo-2017 yathi Ikota enye kuko konke ukutya okuveliswayo kwihlabathi kuyalahleka okanye kumoshwe minyaka le. Eli nqanaba lokulahlekelwa kokutya alinakugcinwa xa kuqwalaselwa utshintsho lwangoku kunye nexesha elizayo kuluntu kunye noMhlaba. Ukujongana noku, ishishini lezolimo lingena nzulu kwifama elumkileyo kunye nomatshini ozenzekelayo, kodwa kuthetha ukuthini oko?
- Ukulima ngobuchule: izinto ezintsha zetekhnoloji ezisebenzisa itekhnoloji ehlakaniphile (efana ne-AI, i-IoT, izinzwa, kunye nokunye) ukwenza ngcono iinkqubo zokuvelisa ukutya kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wokutya.
- Ukuzenzekela koomatshini: inkqubo yokusebenzisa oomatshini ukuvumela uncedo oluncinci lomntu. Oku kunciphisa imfuno yabasebenzi, ngokwenjenjalo kuncitshiswa iindleko kunye nokulungisa umba wokunqongophala kwabasebenzi.
Namhlanje, oomatshini abanobuchule basetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela, ukuvunwa kweziqhamo nemifuno, ukutshiza ngezitshabalalisi, ukuhlwayela imbewu, ukuhlakula, ukuvuna, nokunye—oku kuguqulela ukuchaneka okukhulu, iindleko eziphantsi, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, kunye nemveliso ephezulu.
Zeziphi iindlela zamva nje zemathiriyeli yokulima ngobuchule?
Itekhnoloji ye-Smart ingena kwicandelo lezolimo ngesantya esiqhekezayo, esivumela ukuncitshiswa kwenkunkuma, amandla amakhulu okuhlalutya imozulu ezayo okanye iimfuno zomhlaba, kunye nokunye. Ngokunyuka kwabemi, ukunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle, kunye nemozulu ehlala ingalindelekanga, izixhobo zokulima eziqhelekileyo kunye neendlela aziyi kukwazi ukuhambisa isivuno okanye isivuno saneleyo ixesha elide. Ngaphezu koko, ngokulima kuba noxanduva ukuya kuthi ga 8.5% kuzo zonke izinto ezikhutshwayo zegesi yegreenhouse, kunye nokunye 14.5% evela kwinguqu yokusetyenziswa komhlaba, ishishini lezolimo ligxile kulimo oluluhlaza ngendlela engazange yabonwa ngaphambili. Enkosi koorhulumente abatyhalela ulimo oluluhlaza, kunye nezithembiso zehlabathi kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu ukukhutshwa kwe-net-zero, ixesha langoku kunye nekamva lezolimo ngoku lilele kubuchwephesha obutsha be-smart kunye ne-automation.
Ngamandla, inkcitho, kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko yokutya, kunye neenjongo ezinkulu zemveliso engqondweni, u-2022 uya kubona ukunyuka kuluhlu olupheleleyo lwetekhnoloji entsha, ngakumbi ngaphakathi kwezicelo zezolimo ezisekwe kwi-IoT, izinzwa, oomatshini, nokunye. Ezimbalwa kwezi zixutyushwa ngokubanzi apha ngezantsi.
Izixhobo ze-IoT
Omnye umzekelo wendlela i-Intanethi eye yangena ngayo kwezolimo nasekufuyeni “yi-Intanethi Yeenkomo.” Olu nxulumaniso phakathi kwemfuyo kunye ne-IoT luthatha uhlobo lwe isivamvo esinokutyiwa iyakwazi ukujonga ubushushu bomzimba wangaphakathi wesilwanyana, ukuhluma, ukushukuma komzimba, amanqanaba e-PH, nokunye. Yonke idatha evela kwi-sensor iya kuhanjiswa ngaphandle kwamacingo kwisiseko sedatha, ngaloo ndlela ivumela amafama ukuba abeke iliso ngokulula kwimpilo yemfuyo yawo ukuze enze inzuzo enkulu kwaye aphephe ukuqhambuka. Omnye umzekelo wokusetyenziswa kwe-IoT kwezolimo kukudityaniswa kwenkqubo eyaziwayo ye-Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI), efuna uncedo oluthile lomntu ngeenzwa ezikrelekrele. Ngale ndibaniselwano, i-IoT iyakwazi ukujonga ngokuzimeleyo amanqanaba okufuma kwaye ithumele uhlalutyo lwexesha langempela kwisixhobo esilumkileyo sokunkcenkceshela okungcono.
Ulawulo lwezolimo lwe-AI
Idatha ngundoqo ekuqondeni nasekuphenduleni nawuphi na umba, kwaye ulimo alukho ngaphandle. Ukuqokelela ulwazi oluninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka, amafama acinga phambili ebesebenzisa iidrone, iirobhothi, izinzwa, inkqubo yomgca, kunye nokunye. Imizekelo ibandakanya ukusebenzisa iidrones ukukhangela iindawo zezityalo ezosulelekileyo kwaye ke ngoko kwenziwe usasazo lwezitshabalalisi zalapha ekhaya, ngokwenjenjalo kongiwa kwiindleko kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwerhasi enobungozi emoyeni nasekutyeni. Iirobhothi ezisebenza ngeSolar ezine-AI kunye nombono wekhompyuter zisetyenziselwa ukutyala imbewu ngokukhawuleza nange-symmetry egqibeleleyo, ngaloo ndlela kukhulisa ukusebenza kakuhle, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwendawo. I-AI ikwasetyenziselwa ukonga amanzi, kunye nenkqubo engqameneyo esetyenziselwa ukukhangela iindawo ezivuza amanzi kwaye ke ngoko kunyuswe iinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela ukonga amanzi.
Iinguqulelo zobuchule bokulima kwizixhobo zemveli
Ulimo lwemveli lusebenzele ezolimo amakhulu eminyaka kwaye akukho mfuneko yokuba lungasebenzi ngokupheleleyo okwangoku. Uphuculo luyenziwa kulo lonke ushishino ukulungisa ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha, kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Olo tshintsho lukrelekrele lokufama lubandakanya iitrektara eziziqhubayo ezisebenzisa iinkqubo zeGPS, iisistim zombono, kunye nokubona ukukhanya ukuze kulawulwe ngokufanelekileyo nangokukhuselekileyo. Olunye utshintsho olutsha lubandakanya ukongeza izinzwa kunye nezitshizi kwiitrektara ukunciphisa ukudibana kwabantu nezitshabalalisi kunye nokuvumela iitrektara eziziqhubayo, eziziqhubayo ukuba zenze imisebenzi emininzi ngaxeshanye.
Ukukhetha imathiriyeli yokulima ekrelekrele kunye namalungu omatshini ozenzekelayo wokuthengisa
Ngo-2019, imakethi yezolimo ehlakaniphile yehlabathi yayixabisa i-16,746.7 yezigidi zeedola kwaye ngo-2027 kuqikelelwa ukuba ifikelele kwi-29,234.6 yezigidi zeedola, kunye ne-CAGR ye-9.7% ukusuka ngo-2021 ukuya ku-2027. Ukukhangela ukuba zeziphi izinto eziya kwisitokhwe, nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuchonga kuqala iimfuno zomsebenzisi wokugqibela.
Iifama ezincinci
Kwiifama ezincinci, qwalasela indawo kunye namathuba okukhula. Isitokhwe ukugcinwa kobushushu iglasi smart for greenhouses ukulima iziqhamo kunye nemifuno unyaka wonke ngelixa ugcina amandla. Tyala imali kwi iinqaba ezikhulayo ze-hydroponic ukwandisa indawo yokukhula ngokutyala ukuya phezulu nokonga emanzini. Thenga izivamvo zezolimo ezikrelekrele ukujonga ukufuma komhlaba kunye neepatheni zemozulu ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kakuhle kokunkcenkceshela. Ngemfuyo, thenga iintente zezilwanyana ukonga kwi-warehouse eneendleko eziphezulu kunye nokwakhiwa kwezitali.
Ukulima kwezityalo
Kubathengi abasebenza kulimo lwezityalo, kukho iindlela ezingaphezu kwenye yokutyala. Tyala kuluhlu lwe ii-robotic seedling transplanters ukugquma umhlaba ngokukhawuleza kunye nokutyala ngokuchanekileyo. Ukugcina izitshabalalisi, kuzo zombini iindleko kunye nezizathu zokusingqongileyo, thenga uluhlu lwe izitshizi zokubulala izitshabalalisi zeedrone zezolimo, enokwandisa isivuno esisemgangathweni. Xa usebenzisa i-greenhouses, qwalasela isitokisi isivamvo esijongwe umva ukuqinisekisa amaqondo obushushu aphambili okukhula. Xa ulima ngaphandle, stock izivamvo zokufuma kwegqabi ukuthintela izinambuzane okanye izifo ukuba zinganwenweli kwisityalo.
Imfuyo kunye nokufuya ubisi
Ukulima okubandakanya imfuyo, ukusuka kwiinkukhu ukuya kwiinkomo, imfuyo ezenzekelayo iinkqubo zokungenisa umoya kwaye izixhobo zokujonga igesi ye-ammonia ukugcina izilwanyana zikhuselekile, kwaye iithegi zeendlebe ezihlakaniphile kwaye imfuyo smart isikali ukugcina umkhondo wemfuyo. Ukulima okuthe ngqo kubisi, imfuyo izixhobo zokusenga ngokupheleleyo, ukusuka kwiinkqubo ze-vacuum kunye neenkqubo zokulinganisa iibhotile zeglasi ukuya kwiinkqubo zombane ze-pulsator kunye Iimitha zobisi ezizenzekelayo ze-IoT. Ukubona ukukhulelwa kwenkomo, imfuyo iikhola isivamvo lobushushu smart kwaye, ukujonga isitokhwe sempilo yamabele, izixhobo zokujonga imastitis ngesandla. Enye into yokulima elumkileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe kukuba ngabahloli bezempilo be-IoT abanokutyiwa, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Intanethi yeeNkomo.
isiphelo
Ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi, iindleko, kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu zonke ziinkxalabo ezikhula rhoqo kushishino lwezolimo. Ukulwa nezi, oomatshini abazenzekelayo abaphuculweyo banokuqhuba imisebenzi emininzi, njengokutyala imbewu kunye nokusasaza izibulali-zinambuzane, ngaxeshanye kwaye ngaphandle kokungenelela komntu. Ngaphezu koko, izixhobo ze-AI, ezinje ngedrones, zinokunceda ukwahlula iindawo ezosulelekileyo kwizityalo, ngaloo ndlela zinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane, ngelixa izinzwa ezikrelekrele zinokunceda ukugcina amanzi kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko yokutya. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ugcina izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zezolimo ukuze uhlale kumdlalo kwaye ungene kwixesha elizayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokukhethwa okuluhlaza kuphambili kwezo zikhetho. Ekugqibeleni, ukuba akukho khuselo lokusingqongileyo, akusayi kubakho bume bume. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba uthengisa oomatshini abafanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokulima ezikrelekrele kwiifama zakho kunye nokusingqongileyo, jonga uluhlu lwezinto smart agrinkcubeko namhlanje.
