qha Iikhreyithi ziyinto eqhelekileyo kwiiprojekthi zokwakha ezinkulu. Ziyahamba, ngokungafaniyo ne-cranes ye-tower, kwaye kwiisayizi ezinkulu zininzi ubude kunye nobunzima umthamo kune cranes zelori. Ukuba ukhangela i crawler crane, zininzi iindidi ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu obukhoyo, ke uya kufuna ukukhetha enye elungele iimfuno zakho. Eli nqaku liphonononga uluhlu lweematshini ezikhoyo, kwaye liqwalasela izinto eziphambili ezisebenzayo ekukhetheni imodeli efanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho.
Isiqulatho
Ukukhula okuqikelelweyo kwemarike ye crawler crane
Yintoni icrane yesikhasi?
Zeziphi iimpawu eziphambili zecrane yesikhasi?
Loluphi uluhlu lwe crawler cranes ezikhoyo?
Ukubaluleka kweenzwa zomthwalo
Iingcamango zokugqibela
Ukukhula okuqikelelweyo kwemarike ye crawler crane
Imarike ye crawler crane yehlabathi kuqikelelwa ukuba iya kukhula isempilweni 6.1% Izinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiweyo (CAGR) ukusuka kwixabiso layo lemarike lika-2023 US$2,257.8m ukuya kwixabiso lika-2028 le-US$2173.1m. Oku kukhula kuphenjelelwa lishishini lolwakhiwo elikhulayo emva kobhubhani, kukho iiprojekthi ezinkulu kwizakhiwo eziphakamileyo kunye nophuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo eziqhuba kakuhle. Kunye nokukhula kweeprojekthi zophuhliso lwefama yomoya kwihlabathi liphela, imfuno yehlabathi yee crawler cranes ikhula kakuhle.
Yintoni icrane yesikhasi?
Iikhreyini zeCrawler ziikhreyini ezinomsebenzi onzima oxhonywe kwi-caterpillar track chassis. Ezi zinokuba zikhulu kakhulu kuneekhreyini ezikhwele kwiilori kwaye ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kulwakhiwo olukhulu kakhulu kunye neeprojekthi zeziseko zophuhliso ngenxa yozinzo kunye nokuphakama okuphezulu komthamo. Zinokufumaneka kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zokwakha eziphezulu, ezifana nokwakhiwa kwe-skyscraper, ukwakha ibhulorho, kunye indibano yeinjini yomoya.
Iikhreyini zeCrawler zine-crane boom kunye nekhebhu kwikhareji ephezulu, ebekwe kwikhareji yangaphantsi elandelwayo. I-crane boom ingaba yi-a telescopic ibhokisi boom okanye iletisi, kunye nolwandiso olukhethiweyo lwejib. Uninzi lweecranes ezinkulu ezirhubuluzayo zisebenzisa i-lattice boom ukudibanisa amandla kunye nokukhaphukhaphu, kunye nokunika olona uzinzo lokunyuswa okuphezulu kunye nobunzima.
I-crane ye-carriage ephezulu kunye ne-cab inokujikeleza i-360 degrees kwaye ine-mountings yokubamba i-counterweights, ebalulekileyo ekuzinzeni. Intambo yentsimbi yokunyusela intambo inqumla kwibhoom, iphumela kwiipuli (izithungu) iye kwihuku yecrane encanyathiselweyo, kwaye ihuku inokutshintshwa kwezinye izinto ezifana electromagnet, ukubambana okanye i-clamshell.
Iikhrayini zeCrawler ziyilelwe ukuphakamisa kunye nokuhambisa iintsimbi ezinzima ukuya kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, kwaye ngoko ke ukuzinza kubaluleke kakhulu. Oku kuphazamisa ukuhamba kwabo njengoko ubukhulu kunye nobude babo (ingakumbi nge-boom ende) kwenza ukuhamba kwabo kube nzima. Iicrawler crawler ziya kuhamba kancinane kuphela kwimizila yazo kwaye aziqhelekanga ukuba sendleleni, ngoko ke kufuneka zihanjiswe kubathuthi belori ezinkulu ukusuka kwindawo ukuya kwindawo. Iikhreyini ezinkulu kuya kufuneka ziqhaqheke ukuze zihanjiswe, kwaye emva koko zidityaniswe kwindawo entsha. Ke ngoko kwiiprojekthi ezifuna ukushukumiseka okukhawulezileyo, ukusebenza ngemithwalo emincinci kunye nobude obuphantsi, ikhreyini yelori inokufaneleka ngakumbi kunecrane encinci yesikhasi.
Iikhreyini ezincinci zinokuphakamisa ngaphantsi kweetoni ezingama-30, kunye nokunyuswa okulinganiselweyo okujikeleze i-160 yeenyawo (50m), kodwa iinguqulelo ezinkulu zinokunyusa phezulu kweetoni ezingama-3000 ukuya kumphakamo ojikeleze i-650 yeenyawo (200m). Nje ukuba icrane enkulu isiwe kwindawo, iya kudityaniswa ngokupheleleyo kwaye ilayishwe ngezinto ezichaseneyo. I-crawler cranes ziyilelwe ukuba zibe neziko eliphantsi okanye ubunzima bokuphucula uzinzo, kunye ne-undercarriage elandelwayo enzima, kunye ne-counterweights eyongezelelweyo ukubonelela ukusabalalisa ubunzima obufanelekileyo. Abadli ngokufuna abantu abaphuma ngaphandle ngendlela efanayo neekhreyini zelori, kodwa iimodeli ezininzi ziyababandakanya.
Ekukhetheni eyona crane ifanelekileyo yokukhasa, umthengi uya kufuna ukuthathela ingqalelo ubude kunye neemfuno zokuphakamisa ubunzima beprojekthi, kunye nokushukuma kunye nokubhetyebhetye okufunekayo.
Zeziphi iimpawu eziphambili zecrane yesikhasi?
Kukho izinto ezimbalwa eziphambili ezenza ukuba i-crane crawler yahluke kwinqaba okanye iikhreyini zelori:
Ikhareji elandelwayo yangaphantsi: Iicrawler crawler zine undercarriage 'yombungu' elandelwayo ebonelela ngokushukumiseka kunye nokuzinza. Iitrekhi zivumela ukuhamba okucothayo kodwa okuzinzileyo kumhlaba ongalinganiyo oqhelekileyo kwiziza zokwakha. Isiseko esibanzi, esidityaniswe nobunzima obunzima bendibano yengoma, sinika isikhasi iziko eliphantsi lomxhuzulane kunye nokuzinza kwecrane, ngakumbi xa kumhlaba othe tyaba. Ukuba ii-outriggers ezongezelelweyo zifakelwe, ezi zinokwandiswa ukuze zinikeze indawo ebanzi kwaye ikhuseleke ngakumbi. Ngokuthelekisa, i-cranes ye-tower igxininiswe kwiqonga lekhonkrithi, kwaye ii-cranes zeloli zifakwe kwisiseko seloli elinamavili amaninzi.
Iqonga lokuhlamba: Ikhareji engaphezulu yekhreyini ibizwa ngokuba liqonga lokujula kwaye ibamba ikhabhu yomsebenzisi, i-injini, izinto ezichaseneyo, igubu elijikajikayo kunye nesiseko sonyawo lwebhoom. Iyakwazi ukujikeleza i-crane ngokuthe tye (ibulale) i-degrees ezipheleleyo ze-360 ukuqinisekisa ukuba umqhubi uhlala enombono opheleleyo wokuphakanyiswa. I-injini ihlala ngasemva kwekhebhu, kwaye emva koko kukho ii-counterweights ezinika i-crane isakhono sayo sokuphakamisa, ukujika kunye nokususa izinto ezinzima ukuya kumazinga aphezulu. Igubu elijikajikayo libamba intambo yokunyusela kwaye lilawule ukujikajika okanye ukuphumela ngaphandle kwehuku (okanye ezinye izifakelo).
I-Telescopic box boom: Iibhomu zeTelescopic ziyilelwe ukuba zandise kwaye zirhoxe ngokwe-hydraulically, zenza ukuba icrane ibe lula ukuhambahamba. Ezi cranes ziguquguquka kakhulu kwindawo yokwakha, ziyakwazi ukulungisa ubude kwiindawo ezixineneyo, kwaye zizinzile kakhulu kubunzima obuphantsi kunye nobude obuphantsi. Ngokuqhelekileyo zifumaneka ukuya kumthamo wokuphakamisa ojikeleze iitoni ezingama-50-60, ezinobude obuninzi obuziimitha ezingama-200 (60m).
I-Lattice boom: Kwiicranes ezinkudlwana zokukhasa, i-lattice boom iyafaniswa. I-Lattice booms inesakhelo se-spars yentsimbi ekhaphukhaphu, kwi-design ye-lattice ehambisa ubunzima bomthwalo kwisakhelo. I-Lattice booms inobude obusisigxina ekufuneka idityaniswe ukuze isetyenziswe, kwaye iyachithwa ukuze ihanjiswe. Oku kuzenza zingaguquguquki kakhulu kunee-telescopic booms, kodwa zinamandla amakhulu kakhulu anobunzima obungaphaya kweetoni ezingama-3,000 kwaye bufikelele kubude obuziimitha ezingama-650 (200m).
Loluphi uluhlu lwe crawler cranes ezikhoyo kwi-intanethi?
Kukho uluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo zokuphakamisa ezifumanekayo kwi-intanethi, ukusuka kwiisayizi ezincinci ukuya kwi 'super lift' iikhreyini ezingaphezulu kweetoni ezingama-300. Eli candelo liza kujonga imifuziselo kuluhlu olusezantsi lweetoni ezingama-20-150 ezinokukhuphisana neekhreyini zelori, uluhlu lweetoni ezingama-150-300 ezinokhetho olubanzi olukhoyo, kunye nangaphezulu kweetoni ezingama-300 ezikwinqanaba lokuphakamisa okuphezulu.
Uluhlu lwamaxabiso ezi cranes lunokwahluka kakhulu, kwaye umthamo wokuphakamisa awukho uphawu olucacileyo. Abathengisi abaninzi baya kunika uluhlu lwamaxabiso anokuthi ahluke ngokuphindwe kashumi, ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kwiiyunithi ezininzi ezi-odolweyo, kwixabiso eliphezulu kwiyunithi enye.
Iitoni ezingama-20-150
Iicranes ezinobunzima obusezantsi zibonelela ngokhetho phakathi kwebhokisi yetelescopic boom okanye i-lattice boom. Ngaphantsi kweetoni ezingama-50, iikhreyini zokurhubuluza kunokwenzeka ukuba zifakelwe ibhokisi yetelescopic boom, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50-60 yeetoni ubuninzi. IiCranes ezifakelwe iibhum zeeletisi ziqala malunga nomthamo weetoni ezingama-50.
The SANY SCC260TB yi-26 ton crane efakelwe ibhoom yetelescopic, inobude obuphezulu bokuphakama obuziimitha eziyi-160 (50m), kwaye ithengisa phakathi kwe-US$ 176,000 kunye ne-US $ 180,000.
The Zoomlion ZTM500 yi-50 yeetoni zomthamo wokukhasa i-crane ene-lattice boom enokuphakamisa ukuya kuma-200 ezinyaweni (60m). Ithengisa phakathi kwe-US$ 10,000 kunye ne-US $ 100,000, kuxhomekeke kwinani leeyunithi ezithengiweyo.
The XCMG XGC100 icrawler crane ngumzekelo welattice crane enomthamo ongaphezulu kunemodeli yetelescopic boom. Esi sikhasi sinokunyusa ukuya kutsho kwiitoni ezili-100 ukuya kubude obuziimitha ezingama-230 (70 m). Ifumaneka phakathi kwe-US$ 100,000 kunye ne-US $ 1,000,000, ngokuxhomekeke kwinani leeyunithi eziodolweyo.
Iitoni ezingama-150-300
Ngaphezulu kwe-150 yeetoni, iikhreyini ezirhubuluzayo zelattice zingena kwi-niche yazo, ezineeteleskopu zekhreyini ezingakwaziyo ukumelana nomphakamo kunye nobunzima abanokulawulwa ngaba barhubuluzi.
Kumthamo weetoni ezili-150, i SANY SCC1500 I-lattice crane inokunyuka iye kubude obuzinyawo ezingama-312 (95m), kwaye ixabisa phakathi kwe-US$270,000 kunye ne-US$310,000.
The XLC180 I crawler crane inelattice boom enokuphakamisa ukuya kutsho kwi 180 tons ukuya kumphakamo we 160 feet (50m). Ithengisa phakathi kwe-US $ 200,000 kunye ne-US $ 350,000.
The XCMG XGC260 inokuphakamisa ukuya kutsho kwiitoni ezingama-260 ukuya kubude obuzinyawo ezingama-322 (98m), kwaye ithengise phakathi kwe-US$470,000 kunye ne-US$500,000.
Ngaphezulu kweetoni ezingama-300 zeekhreyini zokuphakamisa okuphezulu
Iikhreyini zeCrawler ezingaphezulu kwe-300 yetoni zomthamo zezona ziphakamisa kakhulu iikhreyini ezisetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu kakhulu. Kobu bubude kunye neentsimbi kufuneka zizinze kakhulu kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba zihanjiswe rhoqo.
The Quy450 yiCrane yokuphakamisa ephezulu enomthamo wokuphakamisa iitoni ezingama-450 ukuya kumphakamo oziimitha ezingama-262 (80m) ngexabiso eliphakathi kwe-US$340,000 kunye ne-US$360,000.
The Zoomlion ZC5000 I-crawler crane inonyuso lweetoni ezingama-500, ukuya kuthi ga kumphakamo wobude obuziimitha ezingama-295 (90m). Lo matshini ufumaneka nge-US $ 210,000.
The XGC12000 yi 800 ton crawler crane enobude obuphezulu obuyi 492 feet (150m). Le modeli ithengisa phakathi kwe-US $ 300,000 kunye ne-US $ 700,000, ngokuxhomekeke kwinani leeyunithi ezi-odolweyo.
The SANY SCC15000TM yikhreyini enkulu enomthamo omkhulu weetoni ezingama-1500 ekwaziyo ukuphakama ukuya kubude obuzinyawo ezingama-590 (180m), ithengiswa phakathi kwe-US$2.8m kunye ne-US$ 3m.
Ngaphezulu kobu bukhulu, kukwakho iikhreyini ezirhubuluzayo ezifumanekayo ezinomthamo ophakamileyo wokuphakamisa odlula iitoni ezingama-3,000. Omnye waloo mzekelo mkhulu XCMG XGC88000 kunye ne-3,600 toni lift, enkulu kakhulu kangangokuba isebenzisa icandelo elahlukileyo elilandelwayo ukuthwala ii-counterweights. Ngaphandle kobukhulu bayo inokuthengisa ngexabiso eliphantsi njenge-US$ 100,000 okanye ukuya kuthi ga kwi-US$ 1,000,000 ngokuxhomekeke kwinani leeyunithi ezithengiweyo.
Ukubaluleka kweenzwa zomthwalo
Ukhuseleko kunye nokuthintela ingozi yingqwalasela ebaluleke kakhulu kwi-crane crawler, ngakumbi ekusebenzeni okuphezulu, apho ukugqithiswa okanye ukugqithiswa kwemida kunokukhokelela ekubhukuqeni okanye ekulahlekeni kolawulo lomthwalo. Uninzi lweekhreyini zisebenzisa a Isalathisi Somzuzu womthwalo (LMI), equka inani lezivamvo ezibekwe kwiindawo ezicwangcisiweyo kwi-crane, ukubeka iliso ekusebenzeni kunye nokulumkisa ngeengozi. Inkqubo ye-LMI isebenzisa iisensors ezininzi ezondliwa kwikhompyuter enedatha yexesha lokwenyani eboniswe kwimonitha. Ukuba olu phawu aluqukwanga kunye ne crawler crane, inokuthengwa ngokwahlukeneyo kwaye ifakelwe noba iletisi okanye iikhreyini ze-telescopic boom.
Iingcamango zokugqibela
Umthengi onokubakho uya kuba nombono ocacileyo wezicelo kunye neeprojekthi ezisesandleni kwaye uya kuba nako ukwenza isigqibo ngokulula malunga nobungakanani kunye nomthamo ofunekayo kwi-crane crawler. Zininzi iibrendi ezinkulu nezingaziwa kangako ezifumanekayo ezinoluhlu olubanzi lwamaxabiso, kwaye isidima sebrendi siya kuba yinto ekukhetheni.
qha Iikhreyithi ziyahlukahlukana umthamo ukusuka malunga 20-30 iitoni ekupheleni esezantsi ukuya phezulu 1,500 iitoni. Ukuphakama kwesakhono kususela kuyo nantoni na engaphantsi kwe-160 iinyawo (50m) ukuya kuthi ga kwi-650 yeenyawo (200m). Oomatshini bomthamo omncinci banikezela ngebhokisi ye-telescopic boom iinketho ukunika ukuguquguquka, amandla kunye nozinzo kunyamezelo olusezantsi kwaye lunokuba lufaneleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezincinci, ukunyuswa okulula kunye nokunyuswa okudinga intshukumo ethile yomthwalo.
Ezona zikhasi ezinkulu 'ze-super lift' ziya kuba zezona zifanelekileyo kulwakhiwo lwesikali esikhulu, ibhulorho, kunye nezicelo zefama yomoya. Kwezi projekthi, uzinzo oluphezulu lubalulekile, kwaye izinzwa ezongezelelweyo ze-LMI zinokuba ziimfuno ezibalulekileyo.
Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokhetho olubanzi lweecranes ezifumaneka kwimarike, jonga igumbi lomboniso elikwi-intanethi Chovm.com.
