Kwimeko yoshishino lwanamhlanje olukhuphisanayo, ukufumana ibhalansi yegolide phakathi kokubonelela kunye nemfuno akukho nto imfutshane kumsebenzi weHerculean. Ukusuka kwilensi yomthengi, ukufumaneka kwemveliso akunakuxoxiswana – xa befuna imveliso, balindele ukuba ifumaneke, ngaphandle kwemida.
Ngokuchaseneyo nenkolelo edumileyo, ukunyusa isitokhwe esingaphezulu ayisosisombululo sigqibeleleyo sokuphela kwesitokhwe. Enyanisweni, kunokukhokelela kwimibandela engakumbi yoshishino, kuquka ukuthwala iindleko kunye nokuphelelwa lixesha. Ukubetheka I-US $ 818 yezigidigidi ilahleka kwihlabathi ngonyaka ngamnye ngenxa yokugqwetheka kwe-inventri, kuquka i-overstocks kunye nokuphuma kwe-stocks.
La manani othusayo aqaqambisa ukuba ukuba nesitokhwe esigqithisileyo ayisosisombululo ngenene - yingxaki efihlakeleyo. Ke, umbuzo usasele: Amashishini alawula njani ngokufanelekileyo uluhlu lwazo, eqinisekisa ukuba babetha eyona ndawo ifanelekileyo yoluhlu lweempahla?
Impendulo ixhomekeke kucwangciso oluqhutywa yinkonzo (service level-driven planning) (SLDP). Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufunde ukuba yintoni kanye kanye iSLDP kwaye isebenza njani. Siza kuphinda sihlolisise isifundo esibonisa indlela amashishini anokuphumeza ngayo ucwangciso oluqhutywa kumgangatho wenkonzo yolawulo lwe-inventri olungabizi kakhulu. Masiqalise!
Isiqulatho
Yintoni isicwangciso esiqhutywa kwinqanaba lenkonzo kulawulo lwesixokelelwano sobonelelo?
Athini amanqanaba eenkonzo kwaye anokubalwa njani?
I-Case study: ukuphunyezwa kwesicwangciso esiqhutywa kumgangatho wenkonzo?
Ukufumana ibhalansi efanelekileyo phakathi kwe-inventri kunye nemfuno
Yintoni isicwangciso esiqhutywa kwinqanaba lenkonzo kulawulo lwesixokelelwano sobonelelo?
Ucwangciso oluqhutywa kumgangatho wenkonzo (SLDP) yinto entsha lawulo lwezinto isicwangciso esijolise ekufumaneni "indawo emnandi" yoluhlu oluhambelana ngokugqibeleleyo neemfuno zabathengi. Oku kuthetha ukuba nenqanaba le-inventri elanelisa iimfuno zabathengi ngelixa likwanciphisa iindleko zokuphatha.
Ngolawulo lwenqanaba lenkonzo, akukho mthengi uhamba edanile ngenxa yemeko engaphandle kwesitokhwe kwaye akukho mveliso ihlala kwiishelufa eqokelela uthuli. Esi sicwangciso sigxile kuphuhliso lwesivumelwano senqanaba lenkonzo (SLA) phakathi kwamashishini kunye nabathengi babo.
I-SLA ibeka ulindelo lwabathengi kwimbono, ichaza iinjongo malunga nexesha lokuhanjiswa, umgangatho wemveliso, kunye nokunikezelwa kwenkonzo ngokubanzi. I-SLDP ivumela amashishini ukuba angahlangani nje, kodwa alawule ngokukuko kwaye asoloko egqitha ulindelo lwabathengi ngokufanelekileyo nangokungaguquguqukiyo.
Athini amanqanaba eenkonzo kwaye anokubalwa njani?
Amanqanaba eenkonzo ayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yocwangciso oluqhutywa kumgangatho wenkonzo (SLDP) eyenza ukuba amashishini akwazi ukuqikelela amanqanaba oluhlu lwempahla olufunekayo ukuze kuphunyezwe umgangatho wenkonzo ethile, kwakunye noqikelelo lweendleko zokubonelela loo mgangatho wenkonzo.
Ngamafutshane, umgangatho wenkonzo yimetric enokumetwa ebonisa ukuba ishishini lingahlangabezana njani nemfuno yabathengi ngelixa liphepha imiba efana nokunqongophala okanye ukugqithisela kwesitokhwe. Kukho amanqanaba eenkonzo eziphambili ekufuneka amashishini aziqhelanise nawo. Masiziphonononge kwaye sifunde izibalo ezilula emva kokubala kwazo:
Inqanaba lenkonzo yomjikelo
Inqanaba lenkonzo yomjikelo libhekiselele kumathuba okuba uluhlu lwezinto ezikhoyo ngexesha lomjikelo onikiweyo lwanele ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yabathengi, ngaphandle kokujongana nemeko yokuphela kwamaxabiso. “Umjikelo” ubhekisa kwixesha apho amanqanaba oluhlu lwempahla ajongwa kwakhona—oku kunokuba yimihla ngemihla, ngeveki, ngenyanga, okanye naliphi na ixesha elithile elihambelana neemfuno ezithile zeshishini.
Masithi inkampani iphonononga uluhlu lwayo lwempahla veki nganye. Ukuba, kwiiveki ezidlulileyo ze-100, inkampani ihlangabezane ngempumelelo neemfuno kwiiveki ze-90 ngaphandle kokuphelelwa yimpahla, ngoko umgangatho wenkonzo yomjikelo ngu-90%.
Olu balo lulula nje inani lemijikelo ngaphandle kokuphela kwamayeza okwahlulahlulwe ngenani elipheleleyo lemijikelo, ngokwepesenti yemiqathango: (90/100) * 100 = 90%. Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho amathuba angama-90% okuba uluhlu lwezinto ezikhoyo lwanele ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yabathengi ngexesha lomjikelo onikiweyo woku-odola.
Ireyithi yokuzalisa iodolo
Izinga lokuzaliswa kwe-odolo lilinganisa ipesenti yee-odolo zabathengi ezizalisekiswa ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokulibaziseka okanye ukuphela kwamasheya. Le metric yonikezelo lweenkonzo ivumela amashishini ukuba alinganise ukusebenza kolawulo lwempahla kunye neenkqubo zokuzalisekisa iodolo.
Umzekelo, masithi inkampani ifumana iiodolo zabathengi abangama-500 ngenyanga. Phakathi kwezi odolo, bazisa ngempumelelo ezingama-450 ngaphandle kokujongana nokunqongophala kwempahla. Izinga lokuzaliswa kwe-odolo lingabalwa ngokwahlula inani lee-odolo ezizaliseke ngexesha ngenani elipheleleyo lee-odolo, kwaye ke ukuphindaphinda nge-100 ukufumana ipesenti.
Kulo mzekelo, izinga lokuzaliswa komyalelo lilingana (450 / 500) * 100 = 90%. Oku kubonisa ukuba i-90% yabathengi bafumana ii-odolo zabo ngaphandle kokulibaziseka, ukunika inkampani ukuqonda apho banokulahlekelwa khona ukuthengisa ngenxa yeengxaki zokuzaliseka.
Ireyithi esele ilungile
Umlinganiselo osele ulungile ngumlinganiselo wexesha apho imveliso inomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wesitokhwe, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifumaneke lula kubathengi. Le metric inceda amashishini amisele amandla awo okugcina inqanaba le-inventri engaguqukiyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi.
Umzekelo, masicinge ukuba inkampani iye yabeka esweni ibhalansi yesitokhwe semveliso ethile kwisithuba seentsuku ezingama-30. Ngeli xesha, imveliso ifumaneka 'kwi-stock' ye-24 yezo ntsuku.
Ukubala ireyithi esele ilungile, yahlula inani leentsuku imveliso ikwisitokhwe ngenani elipheleleyo leentsuku ezijongiweyo uze uphindaphindeke nge-100. Kule meko, umlinganiselo osele ulungile ngu (24/30) * 100 = 80%. Oku kubonisa ukuba imveliso ifumaneka ukuba isetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza ngabathengi be-80% yexesha.
Inqanaba le-backorder
Inqanaba le-backorder libhekisela kubuninzi bee-odolo zabathengi ezingenako ukuzaliseka ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokungaboneleli ngokwaneleyo. Le metric inceda amashishini alinganise amandla awo okwanelisa imfuno yabathengi ngokukhawuleza kwaye aqonde imeko yokunqongophala kwempahla.
Masithathele ingqalelo inkampani efumana iiodolo ezili-150 ngeveki, kodwa ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwesitokhwe, inokuzalisekisa iiodolo ezili-125 ngoko nangoko. Iiodolo eziseleyo ezingama-25 ezingazaliswanga zibekwe kwi-back order. Inqanaba le-backorder ke ngoko lichongwa ngokubala ii-odolo ezingenakuzaliswa ngokukhawuleza, kule meko ngama-25.
Inqanaba le-backorder libonisa ngokucacileyo umsantsa phakathi kwemfuno yabathengi kunye nesitokhwe esikhoyo. Injongo yamashishini inokuba kukunciphisa eli nqanaba liye kufutshane neqanda kangangoko ukuqinisekisa ukwaneliseka kwabathengi.
Ixesha lokuhamba kwe-odolo-lokuhambisa
Ixesha lokuhamba kwe-oda lokuthumela limele ixesha elithathiweyo ukuze umyalelo uhanjiswe kumthengi, ukususela kwixesha lomyalelo owenziwe ngawo. Eli xesha lexesha libandakanya amanqanaba ahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yokubonelela, njengokusetyenzwa kweodolo, ukwenziwa, uthutho, kunye nokuhanjiswa.
Masithi umthengi ufake iodolo yemveliso ngoMvulo (usuku olu-1). Umyalelo ucutshungulwa ngoLwesibini (usuku olu-1), imveliso yenziwa ngoLwesithathu (usuku olu-1), iyathuthwa kwaye ifike kwindawo yayo ngoLwesihlanu (usuku olu-1), kwaye ekugqibeleni, ihanjiswa kumthengi ngoMgqibelo (usuku olu-1).
Ukubala ixesha lokuhamba kwe-oda, yongeza ixesha elichithwe kwinqanaba ngalinye: usuku lwe-1 (ukufakwa kwe-oda) + usuku olu-1 (ukulungiswa kwe-oda) + usuku olu-1 (ukuvelisa) + usuku olu-1 (ukuthutha) + usuku olu-1 (ukuhanjiswa) = iintsuku ezi-5. Oku kuthetha ukuba kuthatha iintsuku ezi-5 ukuzalisekisa iodolo ukususela ngexesha ebekwe ngalo.
I-Case study: ukuphunyezwa kwesicwangciso esiqhutywa kumgangatho wenkonzo?
Ukuqonda indlela ulawulo lwenqanaba lenkonzo lusebenza ngayo kwindawo yeshishini lokwenyani, makhe sijonge ivenkile yempahla ethengisa iibhegi zodidi oluphezulu.
1) Ukukhetha umgangatho wemetriki yenkonzo
Okokuqala, ivenkile yempahla kufuneka ithathe isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi i-metric yenqanaba lenkonzo ekufuneka isetyenziswe. Kumthengisi weebhegi eziphathwayo, ukuphela kwesitokhwe kunokonakalisa kakhulu isidima sebrendi kunye nokwaneliseka kwabathengi. Ngaloo ndlela, kunye ne umgangatho wenkonzo yomjikelo i-metric, ivenkile inokulinganisa ukuba nokwenzeka ukuba kungabikho kuphuma kwesitokhwe kulo lonke ixesha lokukhokela de kufike ukuzaliswa okulandelayo.
2) Ukumisela inqanaba leenkonzo ekujoliswe kuzo
Ukuseka umgangatho wenkonzo ekujoliswe kuyo, ivenkile yempahla iqwalasela idatha yayo yangaphambili yokuthengisa. Itshathi yokuthengisa ilandela ukusabalalisa okuqhelekileyo, oku kuthetha ukuba malunga ne-95% yexabiso ledatha liya kuwela ngaphakathi kokuphambuka okuqhelekileyo okubili ukusuka kumyinge.
Oku kuthetha ukuba sinokulindela ukuba malunga nama-95% exesha, eyona mfuno iyiyo ayisayi kudlula umndilili oqikelelweyo wemfuno kunye nokuphinda kabini ukutenxa komgangatho. Nangona i-100% yomgangatho wenkonzo ekujoliswe kuyo ilungile, iyanqanda iindleko kwaye ihlala ingenzeki. Ngaloo ndlela, a Inqanaba lenkonzo yomjikelo wama-95%. ilungelelanisa imfuno yenkonzo eyanelisayo kunye neendleko ezinxulumene nokugcinwa kwempahla.
3) Ukubala kwakhona amanqaku
Emva kokumisela inqanaba lenkonzo ekujoliswe kuyo kunye nokuqokelela idatha yemfuno yembali, inyathelo lokugqibela kukubala amanqaku okulandelelanisa kwakhona. La ngamanqanaba oluhlu lweempahla ekufuneka kufakwe kuwo ii-odolo ezintsha ukugcina umgangatho wenkonzo womjikelo omiselweyo.
Ye Inqanaba lenkonzo yomjikelo wama-95%., ivenkile yempahla iya kusebenzisa ukuphambuka okusemgangathweni ukusuka ekuhanjisweni okuqhelekileyo, okuyi-1.645. Ke ngoko, indawo yokucwangcisa ngokutsha ingabalwa ngolu hlobo:
- Indawo yoku-oda ngokutsha = (Imfuno engumndilili yemihla ngemihla x Ixesha eliKhokeleyo ngeentsuku) + (Impahla yokhuseleko)
Isitokhwe sokhuseleko singabalwa ngolu hlobo:
- Isitokhwe sokhuseleko = ukutenxa okusemgangathweni kwemfuno x 1.645
Masithi idatha yemfuno yangaphambili yevenkile kunye neemetrics zexesha lokukhokela kwiibhegi zezandla zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Umndilili wemfuno yemihla ngemihla: iiyunithi ezili-10
- Ixesha lokukhokela (ixesha de kufike umyalelo olandelayo): Malunga neentsuku ezisi-7
- Ukutenxa okusemgangathweni kwemfuno yemihla ngemihla: iiyunithi ezi-2
Emva kokufaka amaxabiso kwiifomyula ezifanelekileyo, ivenkile yempahla ifumanisa ukuba isitokhwe sokhuseleko kufuneka sisondele kwi-handbags ye-10, kwaye indawo yokucwangcisa ngokutsha kufuneka ibekwe kwii-handbags ze-80. Ngoko ke, xa isitokhwe sezikhwama zayo zokunethezeka ziwela kwi-80, ivenkile yokuthengisa kufuneka yenze ngokutsha into entsha ukuze kugcinwe i-95% yezinga lenkonzo yomjikelezo.
Ngokukhetha umlinganiselo wenkonzo ofanelekileyo, ukuseta ithagethi eyinyani nefikelelekayo, kunye nokwenza izibalo ezisekelwe kwidatha, ivenkile yempahla yafumanisa indlela abanokugcina ngayo amanqanaba aphezulu okwaneliseka kwabathengi, ukunciphisa ukungabikho kwamasheya, nokulawula iindleko ze-inventri.
Ukufumana ibhalansi efanelekileyo phakathi kwe-inventri kunye nemfuno
Ngamafutshane, ukucwangciswa komgangatho wenkonzo (i-SLDP) ngumxube onobuchule wobugcisa nenzululwazi, eyilelwe ukunceda amashishini afumane ulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo phakathi kwezinto ezifunwa ngabathengi kunye nesitokhwe abanaso.
Konke kumalunga nokuqinisekisa ukuba abathengi bahlala befumana into abayifunayo xa beyifuna, ngelixa ngaxeshanye benciphisa iindleko ze-inventri. Ngaba usajonge ukuntywila nzulu kulawulo lwempahla? Jonga ezi Iindlela ezi-5 ukulawula uluhlu lwakho lweempahla njengepro!
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