Iicranes zeTower zisetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela kwaye, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, zezona ntlobo zisetyenziswayo crane ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezide. Ukuba ucinga ngokukhangela iikhreyini zetower, eli nqaku libonelela ngesikhokelo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeekhreyini zeenqaba ezikhoyo, kwaye lijonge ezinye zezona zinto zikhethwa kakhulu kwimarike.
Isiqulatho
Ukukhula okuqikelelweyo kwemarike ye-crane yenqaba
Intshayelelo yeekhreyini zeenqaba
Iintlobo zeekhreyini zeenqaba
Indibano ye-crane ye-Tower, iikhreyini ezikhwelayo
Indlela yokukhetha i-crane yenqaba efanelekileyo
Iingcamango zokugqibela
Ukukhula okuqikelelweyo kwemarike ye-crane yenqaba
Imakethi yehlabathi ye-crane ye-crane iqikelelwa ukuba ibonise inqanaba lokukhula elihlanganisiweyo lonyaka (CAGR) ye-5.1% ukusuka 2022 ukuya 2028, ukukhula ukusuka kwixabiso I-7.0 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2022 ukuya kwi-9.6 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2028.. Uninzi lolu hlumo luphenjelelwa kukubuyela umva kushishino lokwakha, emva kokudodobala kobhubhani. Ii-cranes ze-Tower zifunwa ngokukodwa kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu zokuhlala kunye nezakhiwo eziphakamileyo eziphakamileyo njengoko zinokusebenza kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kunezo crawler cranes ezininzi.
Intshayelelo yeekhreyini zeenqaba
Ii-cranes ze-Tower zi-balance cranes ezimiliselwe emhlabeni, kwaye zinokuthi zincanyathiselwe ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kwesakhiwo esakhiwayo. Njengoko ii-crane ze-tower crane zilungiswa ngokuqinileyo, zithatha ixesha ukudibanisa kunye nokuqhaqha, ixesha elifunekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-crane ikhuselekile, izinzile kwaye ilungelelaniswe ngokufanelekileyo kumphakamo kunye neentsimbi ezimele zirhuqwe. Zakuba zidityanisiwe, injongo yazo kukuphakamisa loo msebenzi wokwakha ukhethekileyo kuphela, yaye azenzelwanga ukuba zihambe ngokulula.
Ke ngoko ziyahluka kwiicranes ezilandelelweyo kunye neekhreyini zelori ezihambayo, eziyilelwe ukuhamba ngokulula ukusuka kwindawo ukuya kwindawo, kodwa ngokwenza oko, zinomthamo olinganiselweyo wokuphakamisa.
Icandelo eliphambili lemasti ye-crane ye-tower lenziwe ngamacandelo amaninzi e-lattice frame, eboshwe kunye kwisiseko sekhonkrithi. I-jib yomthwalo oyintloko kunye ne-counter jib nayo yenziwe ngesakhelo se-lattice. Izakhelo zeeletiyisi zinika ukomelela okukhulu kubunzima obuphantsi noko, ngamandla kunye nobunzima obusasazwe kwisakhelo selathisi.
Iyunithi yokubulala, eyi-turntable ejikelezayo, ivumela i-crane ukuba ihambise i-jib yayo kwaye ilayishe ngee-degrees ze-360, kunye nokuba ngumthwalo okanye i-jib yokulungelelanisa ukuhlawulela ibhalansi, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-crane. I-jib ephambili ephethe umthwalo ilungelelaniswa kunye ne-counter jib emfutshane, ephethe i-counter weights.
Ikhabhu yomsebenzi ihlala kwiyunithi yokubulala ukuze ikwazi ukujikeleza njengoko i-crane ijikeleza, kwaye umqhubi unokuba nembono epheleleyo yebhloko kunye ne-hook. Kwijib esisigxina, ibhalansi kunye nentshukumo yomthwalo iphunyezwa 'ngokurhangqa' ihuku, ukuyityibilikisa ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle ngobude bejib engundoqo ngesixhobo setroli.
Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-crane, kunokubakho imasti emfutshane ngaphezu kweqonga lokuxhela, elibizwa ngokuba yi-cathead, enezibophelelo zentsimbi ye-cable jib ehamba ukusuka kwi-counter jib phezu kwe-cathead ukuya kwi-jib enkulu yomthwalo.
Kwii-cranes zokuzinyuka, isakhelo sokunyuka sihlanganiswe malunga ne-mast, phantsi kweqonga lokubulala.
Iintlobo ze-crane yenqaba
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze-crane ye-tower, i-A-frame, i-flat-top, kunye ne-luffing cranes. I-A-frame kunye ne-flat-top cranes ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba yi-hammerhead cranes ngenxa ye-jib yazo emfutshane ye-counter jib kunye ne-jib engundoqo ende efana nokumila kwehamile.
Iikhreyini ze-A-frame
Iicranes ze-A-frame zine-jib esisigxina kunye ne-counter jib. Iikhreyini ze-A-frame zithiywe ngokomelela kwazo 'i-A-frame' ukudityaniswa kwepali phezu kwepali, kunye nefreyimu ye-cathead enyuka ukusuka kwimasti, kunye neentonga ezizixhasayo eziqinileyo ezisuka kwi-cathead ukuya kwijibs ngaphambili nangasemva.
Uzinzo olunikezelwa yi-A-frame luvumela ezi cranes ukuba ziphakamise iintsimbi ezinkulu kakhulu phezulu kweetoni ezingama-200, kwaye ezi ziyi-crane ezikhethiweyo kwindawo emileyo kunye neemfuno zokuphakamisa okunzima.
Ukungalungi kwendibano ye-A-frame eyongeziweyo kukuba i-cathead kunye ne-jib tie rod ezixhasayo ziyongeza kumphakamo opheleleyo wemfuno ye-crane. Kwezinye iimeko zokusebenza ezinokukhutshwa okulinganiselweyo oku akunakusebenza, ngoko ke i-crane ene-flat-top kunye ne-A-frame inokukhethwa.
Le crane yeetoni ezi-8 ze-A-frame tower, imodeli QTZ125 TC6015-8 ifumaneka malunga ne-US$ 19,000.
Le Zoomlion A-isakhelo tower crane, imodeli D5200-240 inomthamo weetoni ezingama-240 kwaye ithengisa nge-US$820,000.
Iikhreyini ezimcaba
I-Flat-top, okanye i-low-top, ii-cranes nazo zi-fixed jib cranes kwaye zisebenzisa indlela yokurakhi efanayo njenge-A-frame cranes ukuhambisa ibhloko kunye ne-hook. Abanayo i-A-frame assembly eyongeziweyo, okanye bane-cathead emfutshane kakhulu, ngoko umphezulu we-crane uthatha ubude obuncinane, okuvumela ukusebenza apho kukho ukukhutshwa okuncinci okukhoyo ngaphezu kwejib. Ezi zikhethwa xa iikhreyini ezininzi zisebenza ngaphezulu nangaphantsi kwenye okanye xa kukho ucoceko oluthintelweyo ngaphezulu kwekhreyini.
I-advantage ye-flat-top crane phezu kwe-A-frame crane yimfuno zayo ezincitshisiweyo zokucoca. Oku kuqhele ukuza nokungonakali komthamo ongaphantsi wokuphakamisa kune-A-frame cranes, kwaye oku kuhlala kuyinyani kwimithwalo enobunzima obuphezulu, kodwa iikhreyini ezisicaba ngoku zikhululekile ngokuphakamisa imithwalo ukuya kuthi ga kwiitoni ezingama-50.
Le Zoomlion flat top crane, imodeli TC5013A-5, inomthamo weetoni ezi-5 kwaye ifumaneka kwi-US $ 65,000.
Le XCMG flat-top crane, imodeli XGTT100CII, inomthamo wokuphakamisa iitoni ezisi-8 kwaye ithengisa malunga ne-US $ 500,000.
I-Luffing cranes
I-Luffing cranes ine-jib engundoqo enokuthi iphakanyiswe kwaye ithotywe (i-luffed). I-jib ephakanyisiweyo ijikelezwe kwiqonga lokubulala. Ezi cranes zinokuphakamisa imithwalo enzima kune-fixed jib cranes kwaye zinokusebenza kwiindawo ezimxinwa njengoko i-jib inganwebeki kude xa iphakanyisiwe. Abanayo i-racking mechanism yokuhambisa ibhloko kunye ne-hook ngaphakathi nangaphandle, kwaye endaweni yoko sebenzisa ukunyuswa kunye nokunciphisa i-jib ukulungisa ibhalansi kunye nomgama ukusuka kwimasti.
Enye yeenzuzo ezinkulu ze-luffing jib kukuba ayinwebeki kude nemaski, kwaye ke ayifuni ndawo ingako yokusebenza kuyo. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-jib esisigxina inokwandisa ngaphaya kwendawo yokwakha kwaye yongeze ingozi kwezo ndawo, ifuna imvume yokusebenza eyongezelelweyo kunye ne-inshurensi. Kwakhona i-luffing jib inomngcipheko omncinci ohambelana neendawo zomoya ophezulu, ngelixa i-jib eyongeziweyo eyongeziweyo yonyusa impembelelo yomoya ophezulu.
le Dahan luffing crane yikhreyini encinci ngokwentelekiso, enomthamo wokuphakamisa iitoni ezi-6, ithengiswa nge-US$60,000.
Le XCMG luffing crane, imodeli I-XL6025-20, inokuphakama kweetoni ezingama-20 kwaye ifumaneka nge-US $ 50,000.
Lo msebenzi unzima Zoomlion luffing crane, imodeli I-LH3350-120, inokuphakama kweetoni ezili-180 kwaye iyafumaneka malunga ne-US $ 3,200,000.
Indibano ye-crane ye-Tower, iikhreyini ezikhwelayo
Inkqubo yokudibanisa i-crane ye-tower iqala ngokuseka isiseko esikhuselekileyo, emva koko usebenzisa i-crane ehambayo ukuphakamisa amacandelo asezantsi e-mast ukuya kubude bawo bokusebenza, kwaye ngoko wongeza iqonga elijikelezayo, i-cab kunye ne-jibs.
Okokuqala isiseko se-slab esikhulu sekhonkrithi sakhiwe, kusetyenziswa ikhonkrithi eyomeleziweyo, efunekayo ukuba lukhuni malunga nenyanga. Nje ukuba eso siseko simiselwe ngokupheleleyo, icandelo lentsimbi yokuqala yetrasi yemasti liphakanyiselwe endaweni yi-crane ehambayo, kwaye ikhuselwe ngeebholiti zeankile ezifakwe kwisiseko sekhonkrithi. Oku kwenza iqonga lokuqala elizinzileyo lonke i-crane ezayo.
Emva koko, amacandelo e-mast angaphezulu ayongezwa phezu kwesiseko se-truss, kunye namacandelo akhuselekile kunye neebholiti zetsimbi. Xa amacandelo e-mast eyaneleyo yongezwa, iyunithi yokubethelwa (ejikelezayo) yongezwa phezu kwe-mast, emva koko i-cab yokusebenza kunye nezixhobo zokuphakamisa.
Ngaphezulu kweyunithi yokubulala, i-cathead yongezwa kwi-crane ye-A-frame, emva koko i-counter jib kunye ne-jib engundoqo, kunye neentonga zokubopha ukuxhasa i-jibs. Ii-counterweights zekhonkrithi zongezwa kwi-counter jib. Oku kwenza indibano esebenzayo ye-crane yenqaba.
Iicranes ze Tower ezikhwelayo
Ii-cranes ze-Fixed tower ziyakwazi ukuziphakamisa phezulu, icandelo ngecandelo, ngendlela ekhethekileyo kunye nenomdla. Xa ikhreyini kufuneka isebenze kumphakamo ongaphaya kokufikelela kwiikhreyini ezifunekayo ukuze zibadibanise, kufuneka bandise ubude bazo. Le yinkqubo elula kakhulu kwithiyori, kodwa ekusebenzeni inokuba ngomnye weyona misebenzi iyingozi enokwenziwa yi-tower crane.
Indlela yokwenza iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni ikhreyini ikhwela ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo, apho isakhiwo sikhula sijikeleze ikhreyini, okanye ikhreyini ikhululekile ukuma ngaphandle kwesakhiwo esakhiwayo.
Ukunyuka ngaphandle kwisakhiwo okanye njengenqaba ekhululekile
Iikhreyini zenqaba ezimileyo zisebenzisa a Ukuzinyuka kwe-hydraulic mechanism, ukuzakhela phezulu kunobude obakhiwe ekuqaleni. Xa i-crane ilungele ukunyuka, isakhelo sokunyuka kwentsimbi sihlanganiswe malunga nesiseko semasti, kunye namacala amathathu avaliweyo kunye nelinye icala elivulekileyo. Isakhelo siphakanyiselwe phezulu ukuya ngaphantsi kweqonga lokuxhela kwaye lidityaniswe ngeebholiti zentsimbi, kwaye umatshini wokutyhala ngehydraulic ufakwe kwisakhelo esitsha.
Icandelo elitsha lemasti liphakanyiswa yi-crane hook, kwaye ihanjiswe kwicandelo elivulekileyo lesakhelo sokunyuka ngejib kunye ne-racking mechanism. I-crane ke kufuneka yongeze umthwalo kwi-hook engundoqo ukubonelela ngebhalansi eyongezelelweyo kumsebenzi olandelayo. Isakhelo sokunyuka asenzelwanga ukujongana ne-torsion ye-mast engundoqo ngoko i-jib kunye ne-mast kufuneka zilungelelaniswe ngokucophelela kungabikho ukubethelwa konke ngexesha lokunyuka.
Emva kokuba i-crane ilungelelaniswe ngokugqibeleleyo, isakhelo sokunyuka singabhaliswanga kwiyunithi yokubulala, kwaye i-hydraulics iphakamisa isakhelo sokunyuka ngokwaneleyo ukuvumela ukuba kufakwe icandelo elitsha lemasti. I icandelo elitsha liqhutywa endaweni, i-hydraulics depressurised, kunye necandelo elitsha lemasti lifakwe ngokuqinileyo endaweni. Umjikelo uphinda amacandelo amatsha emasti de kufike umphakamo ofunekayo, emva koko isakhelo sokunyuka siyasuswa okanye sishiywe sisendaweni ukuze kuqhawulwe ipali kamva.
Xa i-crane ye-tower isecaleni kwesakhiwo esizinzileyo, amacandelo emasti angaba zimiliselwe kwisakhiwo ukubonelela ngozinzo ngakumbi njengoko i-crane inyuka.
Ukunyuka ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo njengoko isakhiwo sikhula
Iikhreyini ze-Tower ezikhwela ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo zisebenzisa inkxaso ekhoyo yeso sakhiwo ukuzinza, kunye neqonga lokunyuka. Ngale ndlela banokukhula phezulu ngaphandle kwesidingo samacandelo eemasti ezongezelelweyo zobude obupheleleyo ukusuka emhlabeni.
Xa i-tower crane ikhwela ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo, imigangatho egqityiweyo yesakhiwo isetyenziselwa ukuxhasa isakhelo njengoko inyuka. Njengoko umgangatho omtsha ngamnye ugqityiwe, i-crane inokuphakanyiswa ukuya kwinqanaba elilandelayo. Isiseko se-crane sakhiwe okokuqala njengesiqhelo, sigxininise kumgangatho oyintloko, kodwa kunye necandelo lokunyuka elifakwe ngaphakathi kwesiseko semasti. Emva koko iikhola ezimbini ezixhasayo zifakwe, ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenzisa isithuba esijikeleze imigangatho emithathu, edibanisa i-crane ngokuqinileyo kwisakhiwo sokwakha. Iintsimbi zokunyuka zandisa ubude bemasti ukuze zinike uzinzo njengoko i-crane iphakanyiswa.
Xa umgangatho ophezulu ufakwe i-collar entsha yokuxhasa ifakwe kumgangatho ophezulu, kwaye i-crane ilungele ukunyuka. Isiseko se-crane asivaliwe, i-hydraulics iphakamisa i-crane ukuya kwikhola entsha, kwaye isiseko siboshiwe kwikhola ephakathi. Ikhola esezantsi ingasuswa ngoku kwaye inokufakwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu elilandelayo, ngoko ke inkqubo inokuphinda iphindwe.
Indlela yokukhetha i-crane yenqaba efanelekileyo
Kukho inani lemiba ephambili ekufuneka iqwalaselwe ekuthatheni isigqibo malunga nokuba yeyiphi na i-crane echanekileyo yokukhetha, ngaphandle kweengqwalasela ezisisiseko zobude obufunekayo kunye nomthwalo oza kuhanjiswa.
Irediyasi ekhoyo yokusebenza yomsebenzi osesandleni ngumba ophambili. Uninzi lweekhreyini ziya kuba ne-360 degree rotation, kodwa isiza sokwakha sinokungaboneleli ngokwaneleyo ukuvumela ukujika okubanzi. Oku akuyi kuqinisekisa kuphela apho kufuneka i-crane ibekwe khona, kodwa ukuba iikhreyini ezininzi ziyafuneka.
Ukukhutshwa kokusebenza ngaphezu kwe-crane kuya kuba yinto ekunqumeni ukuba i-A-frame okanye i-flat-top cranes ifaneleke kakhulu. Ukucocwa okufunekayo phantsi kwehuku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba ikhreyini esebenzayo kufuneka iphakame kangakanani na, kunye nesikhokelo esirhabaxa esimalunga neemitha ezili-10 ukusuka kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kuzo naziphi na izakhiwo ezingqongileyo.
Iindlela zokumisa kunye nezokwakha eziza kusetyenziswa kwi-crane ziya kugqiba ukuba i-crane ikhululekile ukuma ngaphandle kwesakhiwo, i-ankile kwisakhiwo, ukuzihambela ngaphandle, okanye ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo. Iikhreyini zokukhwela zangaphakathi zithatha indawo encinci kakhulu kwisiza sokwakha, kwaye zinokukhwela phezulu njengoko isakhiwo sidinga, kodwa zifuna ukudilizwa okuxabisa ngaphezulu ekugqityweni kweprojekthi.
I-A-frame kunye ne-flat-top cranes zifanelekile kwiiprojekthi ezininzi apho kukho ukujikeleza kwamahhala, kwaye apho kungekho zakhiwo, ukhuseleko okanye imiba yezomthetho kunye ne-boom swinging kwezinye iindawo kunye nezakhiwo. Iikhreyini zeLuffing zifaneleke ngakumbi kwiindawo ezithintelweyo kunye nezixineneyo, njengoko zingadingi kucocwa ngojingi olubanzi.
Iingcamango zokugqibela
Iikhreyini zeTower mhlawumbi zezona ndawo ziqhelekileyo kwiindawo zokwakha eziphakamileyo zeeofisi kunye neekhondom. Ukukwazi kwabo ukuphakamisa iintsimbi ezinzima ukuya kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kubenza bahluke phakathi kweekhreyini kunye ne-crane yokuzikhethela kuzo naziphi na iiprojekthi eziphakamileyo. Xa zidityaniswe kakuhle kwaye zilungelelaniswe, zinozinzo olumangalisayo kwaye oku kunokongezwa ngokufaka i-crane kwizakhiwo ezijikelezileyo.
Njengoko zilungisiwe, zithatha ixesha ukudibanisa kunye nokuqhawula, ngoko ayilulo ukhetho lweeprojekthi ezininzi ezihambayo, apho i-crawler okanye i-cranes yelori inokufaneleka ngakumbi.
Umthengi onokubakho uya kuba nombono ocacileyo wohlobo lwekhreyini efanelekileyo kakhulu kwisiza sokwakha, ekhetha phakathi kwe-A-frame, i-flat-top okanye i-luffing, okanye inokusebenzisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo kwiindima ezikhethiweyo kwisayithi.
Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokhetho olubanzi lweekhreyini ze-tower ezikhoyo kwimarike, jonga indawo yokubonisa kwi-intanethi Chovm.com.
