Ngokukhula kwemfuno yehlabathi yamandla ahlaziyekayo nacocekileyo, izisombululo zamandla ezisebenzayo nezizinzileyo ziya zibaluleka ngakumbi. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezixhobo ze-lithium, iibhetri zesodium baye bafumana uqwalaselo olubanzi oluvela kwizifundiswa nakwimizi-mveliso ngaphakathi nakumazwe ngamazwe ukususela ngo-2010, kwaye uphando olunxulumeneyo lunyuke ngokukhawuleza.
Okwangoku, iibhetri zesodium zihambile ukusuka kwinqanaba lebhubhoratri ukuya kwintengiso yokuthengisa. Iinkampani ezininzi kwihlabathi jikelele, ezifana ne-China's Ningde Times kunye neJapan's Kishida Chemical, sele ziqalisile ukuseka imveliso yazo yeebhetri zesodium.
NgoJuni ka-2018, inkampani yaseTshayina egama linguZhongkeHaina yasungula ibhetri yokuqala yesodium (72V, 80Ah) yemoto yombane enesantya esiphantsi, kwaye ngoJuni ka-2021, inkampani yasungula inkqubo yokugcina amandla ebhetri ye-sodium eyi-1MWh.
Eli nqaku liphonononga iimpawu, iingenelo, ixabiso lezorhwebo, kunye nethemba lophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lweebhetri zesodium.
Isiqulatho
Iibhetri zesodium zisebenza njani
Izinto eziluncedo kunye neempawu zeebhetri zesodium
Uluhlu lwesicelo seebhetri zesodium
Amathuba okuthengisa kunye neendlela zophuhliso lweebhetri zesodium
isiphelo
Iibhetri zesodium zisebenza njani
Ibhetri ye-sodium ibhetri yesibini (ehlaziywayo) eyona nto ixhomekeke ekuhambeni kwee-ion ze-sodium phakathi kwe-electrodes efanelekileyo kunye ne-negative ukuze isebenze. Ibhetri ye-sodium iqukethe i-electrode efanelekileyo, i-electrode engafanelekanga, umqokeleli wangoku, i-electrolyte, kunye ne-separator.
Umgaqo wokusebenza weebhetri ze-sodium ufana neebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Ngexesha lokutshaja kunye nokukhupha, ii-ion zesodium zihamba ngasemva naphambili phakathi kwee-electrode ezimbini. Xa utshaja, i-ion ye-sodium i-de-intercalated ukusuka kwi-electrode efanelekileyo kwaye ifakwe kwi-electrode engafanelekanga nge-electrolyte. Ngethuba lokukhupha, inkqubo iguqulwa, kunye ne-ion ye-sodium ikhutshwe kwi-electrode engafanelekanga, idlula kwi-electrolyte kwaye idibanise kwizinto eziphathekayo ze-electrode, ukubuyisela i-electrode efanelekileyo kwi-sodium-rich state.
Izinto eziluncedo kunye neempawu zeebhetri zesodium
Xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-lithium-ion zendabuko, iibhetri zesodium zineenzuzo kunye neempawu ezizodwa.
Umzekelo, iibhetri zesodium zinexabiso eliphantsi ngokwentelekiso. Iibhetri zesodium zenziwe ikakhulu kwiityuwa zesodium, zininzi kwaye zinexabiso eliphantsi kuneetyuwa ze-lithium. Ukongezelela, iibhetri ze-sodium zisebenzisa izinto ezisekelwe kwi-nickel ye-manganese njenge-electrodes efanelekileyo, engadingi ukusetyenziswa kwe-cobalt enqabileyo kunye nexabiso eliphantsi okanye isinyithi se-nickel, ngakumbi ukunciphisa iindleko zezinto eziphathekayo. Ke ngoko, ixabiso elipheleleyo lokwenziwa kweebhetri zesodium liphantsi.
Okwesibini, iibhetri zesodium zikhuselekile kakhulu. Banokumelana okuphezulu kwangaphakathi, okukhokelela ekuveliseni ubushushu obuncinci ngexesha lokujikeleza okufutshane. Ke ngoko, zizinzile ngakumbi ngexesha lokutshaja kunye nokukhupha kwaye zibeka imingcipheko yokhuseleko embalwa njengokutsha okanye ukudubula. Ukongeza, iibhetri zokugcina amandla e-sodium zinezithintelo zobushushu ezimbalwa zokusetyenziswa kwaye zinokusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo naphantsi kobushushu obuphezulu okanye obuphantsi.
Okwesithathu, iibhetri zesodium zinobuhlobo ngakumbi nokusingqongileyo njengoko zingenazo izinto eziyityhefu okanye izinto ezinzima ezifana nelothe kunye nemekyuri. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zeebhetri, iibhetri zesodium nazo zinefuthe eliphantsi elibi kwindalo ngexesha lemveliso, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe.
Okwesine, banobomi obude benkonzo. Iibhetri zesodium zinokutshaja amawaka aliqela amaxesha okanye ngaphezulu, ephezulu kakhulu kuneebhetri zelead-asidi yemveli okanye iibhetri ze-lithium-ion. Ngoko ke, ukusetyenziswa kweebhetri ze-sodium kunokunciphisa iindleko zokutshintshwa kwebhetri kunye neendleko zokugcina.
Uluhlu lwesicelo seebhetri zesodium
Enye i-downside kwiibhetri ze-sodium kukuba xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-lithium, zinomlinganiselo ophantsi wamandla, oku kuthetha ukuba bathambekele ekufuneni indawo eninzi yomlinganiselo ofanayo wamandla agciniweyo kwaye babe nemida ethile kwindawo yokusetyenziswa. Ngoko ke kulindeleke ukuba ziqale zifakwe kwizithuthi zombane ezinesantya esiphantsi. Njengoko ishishini likhula, kunokwenzeka ukuba iibhetri zesodium ziya kusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngcembe kwiimeko zokugcina amandla ezifana nokugcinwa kwamandla avuselelekayo, indlu, kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla egridi, njl.
Nangona amandla abo ancitshisiweyo, ukusebenza okubanzi kweebhetri zesodium kungcono nangona kunjalo kuneebhetri ze-lead-acid. Ngaphantsi kwendlela yehlabathi yophuhliso oluluhlaza kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo, ukutshintshwa kwexesha elifutshane, iibhetri ze-lead-acid ezingcolisekileyo kunye neebhetri ze-sodium zibukeka zibe yinto eqhelekileyo. Ukwenziwa kwemizi-mveliso yeebhetri zesodium kusekwisiqalo, kodwa iindleko ezilandelayo zilindeleke ukuba zehle kwaye ekugqibeleni zibe sezantsi kunezo zeebhetri ze-lead-acid, evumela usetyenziso olukhulu lwemizi-mveliso.
Ukongezelela, ngenxa yeendleko zabo eziphantsi kunye nobomi benkonzo ende, iibhetri zesodium zineenzuzo ezizodwa kwiinkqubo ezinkulu zokugcina amandla. Xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo zebhetri ze-lithium-ion zemveli, iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ezakhiwe kusetyenziswa iibhetri zesodium zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla ngokwezoqoqosho nangokuthembeka. Iibhetri zesodium ke ngoko ziya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni umbane ogqithisileyo ophuma kwimithombo yamandla emitsha, efana namandla elanga nawomoya. Ukungazinzi kwale mithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo kuthetha ukuba amandla anika amandla aguquguqukayo, okwenza iibhetri zesodium zibe yinto efanelekileyo yokugcina umbane ogqithisileyo kwimithombo yamandla emitsha.
Amathuba okuthengisa kunye neendlela zophuhliso lweebhetri zesodium
Ngokunyuka kwengqwalasela ehlawulwe kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye nemithombo yamandla acocekileyo, amathuba okuthengisa iibhetri zesodium abanzi, kwaye anokuthi adlale indima ebalulekileyo kwiinguqu zamandla ezizayo. Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo kwimimandla yokugcina amandla kunye nezithuthi zombane, kukho indawo eyaneleyo yokwandisa intengiso yeebhetri zesodium.
Ngaloo ndlela, ukhuphiswano lwempembelelo yemarike kwicandelo leebhetri zesodium luya kuba yindawo entsha yedabi yetekhnoloji yamandla ehlabathi kule minyaka ilishumi izayo kwaye iya kuqhubeka iyindawo yotyalo-mali kuzo zombini iimarike eziziiprayimari nezizisekondari. Ngokutsho kweengqikelelo ze-EVTank, umthamo ozinikeleyo wokuvelisa umgca we-135GWh kwiibhetri zesodium ziya kuba zenzekile kuwo wonke umxokelelwane wombane webhetri yombane ngo-2023, ngelixa ukuthunyelwa kwexabiso leebhetri ze-sodium kuqikelelo lokufikelela kwi-347GWh ngo-2030. ibe yi-2024%.
Okwangoku, iitekhnoloji ezifanelekileyo kwikhonkco leshishini lebhetri yesodium zisakhula. Kwinqanaba lokuqala lokuqonda ukuveliswa kwemveliso yobuninzi beebhetri zesodium, imiba emibini kufuneka ibekwe phambili: okokuqala, ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kwebhetri, kubandakanywa nokuphuculwa kobuninzi bamandla kunye nobomi bomjikelezo. Phakathi kwazo zonke iindlela zetekhnoloji zangoku, inkqubo yekhabhoni ene-oxide eqinile inowona mbane uphezulu kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ithengiselwe kuqala. Uxinzelelo lwamandla asezantsi kuzo zombini iindlela zePrussian blue (ezimhlophe) kunye ne-polyanionic nazo kulindeleke ukuba ziphucuke ngokuthe ngcembe ngokuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kwabavelisi abakhulu, kuyila ukhetho oluninzi lwezixhobo ze-cathode yebhetri yesodium.
Okwesibini, uqwalaselo lweendleko zemveliso enkulu kufuneka luncitshiswe. Xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-lithium ezivuthiweyo, iindleko zokuvelisa iibhetri zesodium azikabikho nzuzo kubavelisi. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko abavelisi abakhulu benyusa ngokuthe ngcembe imveliso yabo kunye nenqanaba lokugqibela lokukhula, iindleko zeebhetri zesodium kulindeleke ukuba ziwe kwinqanaba leebhetri ze-lead-acid, ukufumana inzuzo enkulu yokukhuphisana.
isiphelo
Ukuqukumbela, iibhetri ze-sodium, njengesizukulwana esitsha seteknoloji yokugcina amandla, zinexabiso elibalulekileyo lokuthengisa kunye nethemba lophuhliso. Ngeendleko zabo eziphantsi, ukhuseleko oluphuculweyo, ixesha elide lokuphila, kunye nobuhlobo bendalo, okwangoku lukhetho olufanelekileyo lwezithuthi zombane eziphantsi kwesantya kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla avuselelekayo. Ngokunyuka koqwalaselo lwehlabathi olunikwa uphuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye namandla acocekileyo, imakethi yebhetri yesodium kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke ukukhula. Ekugqibeleni, njengoko iteknoloji iqhubeka nokuphucula, iibhetri zesodium kulindeleke ukuba bafumane usetyenziso olubanzi kwiindawo ezifana neebhetri eziphathwayo, ezibonisa amathuba ophuhliso abanzi.
