I-PV kunye namaxabiso-UkuPhathwa ngokukhawuleza kweSola e-Australia

I-Australia ngoku imalunga nama-40% ombane ohlaziyekayo, ubukhulu becala owenziwe ngelanga nomoya. Oku akubangeli ukuba amaxabiso eendawo zehoseyile atshintshe, okanye angazinzisi igridi. Kwizicwangciso zomgaqo-nkqubo wangoku, ilizwe liza kufikelela kuma-82% ombane ohlaziyekayo ngowama-2030.

I-Australia ivelisa umbane welanga omninzi kumntu ngamnye kunalo naliphi na elinye ilizwe: malunga ne-2 Megawatt-iiyure ngomntu ngonyaka. Kuyathakazelisa ukuphonononga impembelelo yokusasazwa ngokubanzi kwe-PV (kunye nomoya) kumaxabiso ombane athengiswayo.

Uninzi lwabemi baseOstreliya bahlala kunxweme olusempuma kwaye babonelelwa yiMarike yoMbane yeSizwe (NEM). Oku kuquka inkqubo yokusasaza malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-3000 ubude, kodwa kuphela amakhulu ambalwa eekhilomitha ububanzi, kwaye inceda abantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-20. Akukho nxibelelwano kwezinye iigridi zombane kwaye ngoko i-NEM kufuneka "ihambe yodwa" kunye nokugcinwa okwaneleyo. Umbane welanga nowomoya awunakuthengiswa ngefosili, inyukliya okanye umbane oqhutywa ngamanzi osuka kwamanye amazwe.

Ngo-2023, izabelo zesizukulwana kwi-NEM yayingamalahle (56%), ilanga (18%), umoya (13%), i-hydro (7%) kunye nezinye i-fuel fuels (6%). Ukusasazwa komthamo omtsha wamafutha efosili kuye kwamisa ishumi leminyaka eyadlulayo, kwaye ukuhanjiswa kwelanga nomoya kwakhawulezisa ukusuka ngo-2018. I-NEM yimarike yombane evulelekileyo ngokwentelekiso. Abantu banokuxhuma ngokukhululekileyo kwi-NEM ngaphandle kokuba iimfuno zokhuseleko kunye nozinzo lwegridi ziyafezekiswa. Izabelo zelanga nezomoya zikhula ngokukhawuleza njengoko iinkampani zabucala kunye nabantu ngabanye bethatha ithuba leendleko eziphantsi nezihlayo zombane ohlaziyekayo. Uzinzo lwegridi yase-Australia lubalaseleyo.

Umzobo 1 ubonisa i-avareji yexabiso lendawo ye-NEM ye-wholesale yombane (imivalo eluhlaza) kunye neqhezu lombane ohlaziyiweyo (umgca obomvu) kwixesha le-12 leminyaka ye-2012-2023. Amaxabiso alungiswa ngokunyuka kwamaxabiso kwaye aguqulelwa kwiidola zase-US zangoku.

Akukho lunxulumano lucacileyo phakathi kwexabiso lendawo yentengiso yombane kunye nokunyuka nokunyuka kwesola nomoya. I-Australia iyindawo enkulu yokuthumela ngaphandle kwamalahle kunye negesi, kwaye amaxabiso okulingana kwehlabathi akhona e-Australia. Ukunyuka kwexabiso elikhulu ngo-2022 ukuya kutsho ngo-2023 kubonise ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ehlabathi kumafutha efosili kulandela uhlaselo lwaseRashiya eUkraine.

Ngokulungelelaniswa kwezopolitiko, indalo kunye nezoqoqosho, uRhulumente wase-Australia kunye nabo bonke oorhulumente bamaphondo bayavuma ukuba inkqubela phambili ekhawulezayo ebhekiselele kwigridi ehlaziywayo iyafuneka. Ukuqwalaselwa kubandakanya: yonke imimandla yase-Australia inokufikelela kumoya omhle kunye / okanye ilanga; owona mngcipheko mkhulu kuzinzo lobonelelo lombane kukusilela ngequbuliso nangokungalindelekanga kwezikhululo zamandla zamalahle, uninzi lwazo ezifikelela esiphelweni sobomi bazo bobugcisa.; owona mngcipheko mkhulu wokunyuka kwamaxabiso kwixesha elizayo elifana nowama-2022 livela kumaxabiso emarike yefosili yehlabathi; kwaye eyona ndlela ilula nekhawulezayo yokwenza unciphiso olukhulu lokukhutshwa kwezixhobo ezikhutshwayo ukunceda ukuhlangabezana nezibophelelo zegreenhouse zamazwe ngamazwe kukutyhala amalahle negesi ngaphandle kwemveliso yombane.

Ilanga eliseluphahleni isasazwa zizigidi zabanini bezindlu kunye namashishini, eqhutywa lixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu lombane welanga eluphahleni xa kuthelekiswa noluhlu lweerhafu zokuthengisa. Ngoku malunga nesinye esithathwini sezindlu ezinezijikelezi-langa eziphezu kophahla. Iifama zesola kunye neefama zomoya zisasazwa ngokubanzi kufutshane nosasazo olukhoyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubonakala kunzima ukusasaza uthumelo olutsha kwinkonzo yeefama ezintsha zesola nezomoya ngenxa yenkcaso yasekuhlaleni. Oku kudala umngcipheko kubaphuhlisi befama yelanga kunye nomoya. Le ngxaki iyathomalaliswa ngokunyuka kabukhali kwembuyekezo yeenginginya zothumelo olutsha, kunye nophuhliso lwezowuni zamandla ahlaziyekayo (REZ) ezineepaseji ezizinikeleyo zothumelo.

Nangona ilanga kunye nomoya zinexabiso elinyanzelisayo leendleko kunezinye iindlela zamafutha efosili, kukho imingcipheko enzulu ngosulelo olwaneleyo kunye nokugcinwa. Kutshanje, uRhulumente kazwelonke uthathe isigqibo sokunciphisa imingcipheko ngokubamba iifandesi ezibuyela umva qho kwiinyanga ezintandathu zomthamo omtsha welanga nomoya. Ezi fandesi zibandakanya iinkampani ezikhuphisana ngoluhlu lwamaxabiso ombane oluchaziweyo. Ukuba amaxabiso ombane wehoseyile angaphantsi koluhlu lwamaxabiso, ngoko urhulumente uya kwenza umahluko. Ukuba amaxabiso angaphezulu koluhlu lwamaxabiso, ngoko ke umahluko uhlawulwa kurhulumente. Iinkampani ezinikezela ngexabiso eliphantsi kunabo bakhuphisana nabo ngokubanzi baya kuphumelela ikhontrakthi, nto leyo ibeka uxinzelelo olusezantsi kumaxabiso. Umthamo owaneleyo uya kuthengiswa ngo-2024-27 ukufikelela kummiselo kaRhulumente wombane ohlaziyekayo wama-82% ngowama-2030.

Umbhali: UProf. Andrew Blakers /ANU

Andrew.blakers@anu.edu.au

I-ISES, i-International Solar Energy Society yi-NGO yobulungu obuvunyiweyo be-UN esekelwe kwi-1954 isebenza kwihlabathi kunye ne-100% yamandla avuselelekayo kubo bonke, asetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo nangobulumko.

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