Imfuno yeepaneli zelanga kunye nokufulela kuye kwanda kakhulu ngenxa yenguqu eqhubekayo yehlabathi kumandla ahlaziyekayo. Umzekelo, amandla elanga abalelwa 45% sawo onke amandla okuvelisa umbane kwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-2023 e-US. Engaphezulu kwe 3.3 million amakhaya e-US afake amandla elanga kunye 1.3 million e-UK. Nangona ininzi yala mandla elanga iveliswa kwiipaneli zelanga, abanini bezindlu namhlanje bakhetha ukhetho olukhulayo lwamaphahla elanga, athandwa kakhulu.
Uphahla lwelanga lubhekisela kwinkqubo apho iteknoloji yelanga ihlanganiswe kwizinto zokwakha. Ngokungafaniyo iiphaneli zesola ezixhonywe kuphahla olukhoyo, uphahla lwelanga luyilelwe ukuba lube yinxalenye yesakhiwo sonke sesakhiwo. Bawela phantsi koluhlu lwe-photovoltaics edibeneyo yesakhiwo (i-BIPVs), ethatha indawo yezixhobo zokwakha eziqhelekileyo ezifana neethayile ukwenza imveliso yamandla ibe yinxalenye yoyilo lwesakhiwo. Nangona ngokuqhelekileyo ubhityile, amaphahla elanga zinokomelela kwaye zomelele, nto leyo ebavumela ukuba bamelane neemeko ezirhabaxa zokusingqongileyo.
Ukwamkelwa kophahla lwelanga kudala ithuba lokuba amashishini aphucule ubudlelwane babathengi kunye nokusebenza kweshishini ngelixa ekwakhuthaza ukugcinwa kwamandla okusebenza. Le bhlog ibonelela ngolwazi malunga nemarike yophahla lwelanga kunye neengcebiso zokunceda amashishini akhethe olona phahla luhle kakhulu lwelanga kuluhlu lwabathengi.
Isiqulatho
Solar uphahla lwemarike amandla
Iintlobo zophahla lwelanga
Indlela yokukhetha uphahla lwelanga kubathengi bokugqibela abahlukeneyo
Iingcamango zokugqibela
Solar uphahla lwemarike amandla
Imarike yehlabathi ye-photovoltaics edibeneyo yokwakha yayixabiswa I-US $ 23.67 yezigidigidi ngo-2023 kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba iya kufikelela kwi-89.80 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2030, ikhula ngesantya sokukhula sonyaka esihlanganisiweyo (CAGR) sama-21%. Eli xabiso lemarike libandakanya uluhlu lweemveliso ezivelisa amandla elanga ezidla ngokudityaniswa kwizakhiwo, ezinje ngophahla, iifacade, iindonga, kunye neglasi. Nangona kunjalo, ukufakela uphahla akhawunti kwi-61.57% yale marike, okwenza kube yimveliso ye-BIPV efunwa kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, le mfuno yokufulela idala amathuba kumashishini akwicandelo lamandla.
Kukho izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene nokunyuka kwemfuno yophahla lwelanga, kubandakanya:
- Ukonyuka kwemfuno yabathengi yamandla ahlaziyekayo.
- Inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kwitekhnoloji yelanga ekhokelele ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuqina, kunye nobuhle kwenza uphahla lwelanga lube nomtsalane ngakumbi.
- Iinkuthazo zikarhulumente kunye namanyathelo axhasa ukwamkelwa kwemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo .
- Uninzi lwabanikazi bezindlu babona ukutyalomali kwi-solar roofing njengendlela yokufumana ukuzimela, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuqina, okubalulekileyo ngexesha lokuphela kombane okanye ukuphazamiseka.
Iintlobo zophahla lwelanga
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zophahla lwelanga ezenzelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zabathengi kunye nokukhethwa kobuhle. Ezi zikhetho zibonelela abanini beepropati zorhwebo okanye zokuhlala ngeendlela zokukhetha iindlela zokuphahla zelanga ezihambelana noyilo lwezakhiwo zezakhiwo zabo. Iintlobo ezintathu eziqhelekileyo zophahla lwelanga ziquka iishingles zelanga, uphahla lwentsimbi yelanga, kunye nophahla oludibeneyo lwelanga.
Iishingles zelanga
Iishingles zelanga ziithayile zophahla lwelanga ezenziwe ngamashiti e-photovoltaic (PV) amancinci kwaye zifana neeshingles eziqhelekileyo zophahla. Zenziwe kwi-silicon ye-monocrystalline okanye i-copper indium gallium selenide semiconductor material. Nangona iishingles zelanga ezenziwe kwi-silicon ye-monocrystalline zidla ngokubiza kakhulu, zinezinga eliphezulu lokuphumelela phakathi kwe-15% kunye ne-20% xa kuthelekiswa ne-10% -12% yezo zenziwe kwi-copper indium gallium selenide. Ukongeza, iishingles zelanga zine-avareji yobungakanani be-12" x 86" kwaye inobunzima obumalunga ne-5 kgs kwi-square foot.
Imarike yehlabathi yeeshingles zelanga kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele I-US $ 555.2 yezigidi ngo-2030, ukunyuka ukusuka kwi-US4 326.2 yezigidi ngo-2021. Kuqikelelwa ukuba bakhule kwi-CAGR ye-5.5% phakathi kwe-2022-2030. Nangona zisetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso kunye neseto zorhwebo, icandelo lentengiso yendawo yokuhlala lihlala lingoyena mthengi uphambili kwiishingles zelanga.
Uphahla lwentsimbi yelanga
Uphahla lwentsimbi yelanga ibandakanya ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kweepaneli zelanga kwisakhiwo sesinyithi. Iipaneli zelanga ngendlela yee-laminates zelanga, iiseli zelanga ezincinci zefilimu, okanye ezinye iitekhnoloji ze-photovoltaic zifakwe kwizinto zokuphahla zetsimbi. Iintsimbi ezifana nentsimbi, i-aluminiyam, okanye ubhedu zisetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngesiseko esomeleleyo kunye nemozulu echasene nemozulu kumalungu elanga. Zikwakhethwa ngenxa yeempawu zazo ezahlukileyo, ezinjengokuqina, ukuxhathisa umhlwa, kunye nokuphila ixesha elide.
Iiphaneli zelanga ezidibeneyo zophahla
Iiphaneli zophahla ezidibeneyo zelanga zithatha indawo yeethayile zodongwe kunye neeshingles ze-asphalt ezisetyenziselwa uphahla lwendabuko. Ngenxa yoko, ezi zixhobo zophahla zelanga zifakwe ngaphandle kwezinto zokuphahla phantsi kwazo, oku kuthetha ukuba iipaneli zelanga ziyi-roofing. Iiphaneli zophahla ezidibeneyo zelanga zinokuvelisa amanzi amaninzi okhuselo xa kuthelekiswa nolunye uhlobo lophahla lwelanga. Ukongeza, imiphetho yazo iyadibana kwaye itywine, yenze indawo egudileyo egcina inkunkuma, umoya kunye namanzi. Nangona kunjalo, iipaneli zelanga kule nkqubo edibeneyo zibonakala ngakumbi kunophahla lwesinyithi okanye i-shingles.
Indlela yokukhetha uphahla lwelanga kubathengi bokugqibela abahlukeneyo
Amashishini kufuneka abe nokuqonda ngokubanzi kwimarike ekujoliswe kuyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba uphahla lwelanga olukhethiweyo luhambelana neemfuno zabo zamandla kunye nezinto abazithandayo. Nazi izinto eziphambili ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa ukhetha uphahla lwelanga:
Ukusebenza kwamandla kunye nemveliso
Xa ukhetha uphahla lwelanga, kubalulekile ukubeka phambili ezo zibonelela ngokusebenza kakuhle, oku kuthetha ukuba baguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kumbane osebenzayo. Uphahla oluphezulu lwelanga lunokuvelisa umbane omninzi ngaphakathi kwendawo encinci, nto leyo eyenza isebenze kubantu abanendawo encinci okanye imali.
iindleko
Iindleko zophahla lwelanga kufuneka zinike ixabiso elingcono kwimali yomthengi. Oku kunokumiselwa ngokuthelekisa iindleko kunye nesixa sombane isixokelelwano sophahla selanga siya kuvelisa. Amashishini kufuneka afumane iikowuteshini ezivela kubavelisi bophahla belanga abahlukeneyo kwaye bahlawulele iimveliso ezilinganisa ukuphumelela kweendleko kunye nomgangatho. Ukuqwalaselwa kweendleko kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zokuphahla zelanga zithembekile kwaye zilungile ngokwezoqoqosho kumthengi.
Khangela iziqinisekiso
Ngaphambi kokuthenga uphahla lwelanga, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba banezatifikethi ezifanelekileyo kwaye bahlangabezane nemigangatho yoshishino. Umzekelo, iiphaneli zesola ezithengwa e-US kufuneka zibe nophawu lwesiqinisekiso seNationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL). Ngokufanayo, e-UK, abanini bezindlu kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba iimveliso zokuphahla zelanga ziqinisekisiwe yi-MCS, ngakumbi ukuba banenjongo yokubhalisela i-Smart Export Guarantee (SEG) tariff. Ezinye izatifikethi eziqhelekileyo onokuzijonga ziquka i-ISO, i-BIS, kunye ne-IEC, ezinceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba uphahla lwelanga luvavanyiwe kwaye luvunyiwe ukuba lusetyenziswe.
Iwaranti kunye nobomi
Ngenxa yokuba uphahla lwelanga lutyalo-mali lwexesha elide, iwaranti kunye nexesha lokuphila kunokuchaphazela ukuthathwa kwezigqibo zabathengi. Le miba iqinisekisa abathengi malunga nokuqina kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo kwiminyaka emininzi. Zikwasebenza njengokhuseleko lwezemali kubathengi ekubeni baqinisekisiwe ngokufumana ukulungiswa okanye ukutshintshwa ngaphandle kokufumana iindleko ezongezelelweyo ukuba uphahla lwelanga luhluleka ngexesha elithile. Ke ngoko, abathengi banokufumana amashishini athengisa iimveliso zophahla lwelanga kunye namaxesha ewaranti eyandisiweyo enomtsalane.
Iingcamango zokugqibela
Imfuno yophahla lwelanga iya kuqhubeka ikhula njengoko ihlabathi litshintshela kumandla ahlaziyekayo. Nokuba ziishingles zelanga, uphahla lwentsimbi, okanye iiphaneli ezidityanisiweyo zophahla lwelanga, abathengi bafuna izisombululo zamandla ezithembekileyo ezihlangabezana neemfuno zabo zamandla kwaye zibenze bafezekise uxanduva lwabo lokwakha ikamva elizinzileyo. Ukusebenzisa eli thuba kunokunceda amashishini azibeke njengeenkokeli kumandla avuselelekayo. Ukongezelela, ukubonelela ngeenkqubo zokuphahla zelanga ezihlangabezana nokulindela ukusebenza kunye negalelo kuxanduva lokusingqongileyo kunokwenza ukuba amashishini aseke ubudlelwane bexesha elide olwakhiwe ekuthembekeni, ukuzinza, kunye nenjongo ekwabelwana ngayo yokwakha ikusasa elizinzileyo nelinamandla ngakumbi.
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