Izivumelwano zorhwebo zasimahla (FTAs) ukunceda amazwe akwingingqi ethile ukunciphisa umngcipheko ukuphazamiseka kwekhonkco lokubonelela ngokugcina ukuhamba okuthe gqolo kwempahla neenkonzo kunye nokukhuthaza umanyano lwezoqoqosho. Omnye umzekelo obalaseleyo we-FTA yi-USMCA phakathi kwe-United States, i-Mexico, ne-Canada, emele kunye phantse isithathu kwiGDP yehlabathi.
Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufumane ukuqonda okunzulu kwe-USMCA kunye nendlela ewomeleza ngayo amatyathanga obonelelo eNyakatho Melika kwaye inciphisa ukuba sesichengeni kwabo ukothuka kwangaphandle okanye ukuphazamiseka!
Isiqulatho
Yintoni i-USMCA kwaye yintoni injongo yayo?
Izibonelelo ezi-6 ze-USMCA ezenza ikhonkco lonikezelo lwe-NA lomelele ngakumbi
Imiqobo engahlawulisiyo ye-USMCA: imiqobo yendlela enokubakho
Yintoni i-USMCA kwaye yintoni injongo yayo?
The I-USMCA, okanye i-United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement, sisivumelwano sorhwebo simahla phakathi kwala mazwe mathathu angamaqabane. Oku kuthetha ukuba iimveliso kunye neenkonzo zinokujikeleza la mazwe ngokukhululekileyo, njengoko kukho imiqobo embalwa kunye nemisebenzi / irhafu xa kuthelekiswa namazwe angengomaqabane.
Kodwa i-USMCA ayikho kuphela malunga nokuhamba ngokukhululekileyo kweempahla kunye neenkonzo. Eyona njongo yayo kukukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho, ukomeleza iindlela zokuphila zabasebenzi, kunye nokomeleza amacandelo acwangcisiweyo afana nezolimo kunye nemveliso eMntla Melika.
I-USMCA eneneni luguqulelo oluhlaziyiweyo lwesivumelwano esidala esibizwa ngokuba siSivumelwano soRhwebo ngokuKhululwa kuMntla waseMelika (NAFTA). I-NAFTA yayineminyaka engama-25 ubudala, ngoko ke uhlaziyo oluthile lwenziwa ukuba luthathele ingqalelo utshintsho kuqoqosho lwehlabathi, njengokunyuka kwe-e-commerce okanye urhwebo lwedijithali.
Izibonelelo ezi-6 ze-USMCA ezenza ikhonkco lonikezelo lwe-NA lomelele ngakumbi
I-USMCA ijolise ekuphuculeni ubudlelwane borhwebo phakathi kwe-US, iMexico, neKhanada ngelixa isomeleza kwaye ikhulisa uqoqosho lwabo. Nazi izinto eziluncedo ezintandathu ze-USMCA ezikhokelela kumanyano olungcono kunye nokomelela kwamakhonkco obonelelo aseMntla Melika:
Ukufikelela kwimarike enkulu
I-USMCA iyanciphisa okanye iphele ntlawulo kwiimveliso ezininzi ezithengiswayo ngaphakathi kummandla, kuquka neemveliso zolimo nezeteknoloji. Oku kuthetha ukuba iimpahla ezininzi zinokutshintshwa phakathi kwe-US, Mexico, kunye neCanada ngaphandle kwemisebenzi yokungenisa elizweni kunye neentlawulo ezithile zempahla, ukwenza iimpahla zifikeleleke kwaye zibe nomtsalane kubathengi baseMelika.
Ukususwa kwezithintelo zorhwebo ezifana neerhafu kunokukhokelela ekwandeni kwesiseko sabathengi abanokubakho kumashishini kula mazwe angamaqabane. Umzekelo, kunye ne-USMCA, iKhanada yavuma ukunika amafama obisi ase-US ukufikelela kwi-3.5% yemarike yobisi yasekhaya, exabisa malunga. $ 16 billion ngonyaka. Umfama wobisi wase-US e-Vermont ngoku unokuthengisa itshizi yakhe kubathengi baseMontreal ngaphandle kokuhlawula naziphi na iirhafu zokungenisa elizweni.
Ukunyuka kwemveliso
Enye yeenjongo ze-USMCA kukukhuthaza abavelisi ukuba batshintshe imigca yabo yemveliso ukusuka e-Asia babuyele eMntla Melika. Olona luvo luphambili kukuqinisekisa ukufumaneka okungaguqukiyo kwezinto ezibalulekileyo ngexesha leentlekele zehlabathi, ngakumbi kumacandelo abalulekileyo afana ne-semiconductors kunye namayeza.
Ukufezekisa oku, umgaqo-nkqubo wokurhweba we-USMCA ukhuthaza ukufunwa kwezinto ezivela ngaphakathi kwingingqi kwaye ubonelela unyango olukhethekileyo kwimpahla eyenziwe ngaphakathi kwingingqi. Ngokomzekelo, kushishino lweemoto, i-USMCA idinga I-70% yamalungu emoto yenziwe kwelinye lamazwe amathathu angamahlakani ukonwabela ufikelelo olungahlawulelwayo.
Imigangatho yezabasebenzi eyomeleziweyo
Abasebenzi benza umqolo wokubonelela ngempahla. Ngaphandle kokusebenza kwabo, izinto eziluhlaza beziya kuhlala zingachukunyiswanga, iimveliso zingadityaniswa, ukuthunyelwa kwazo kwakuya kuhlala kungashukumi, kwaye ukuthengiswa bekungayi kwenzeka. Phantsi kwesivumelwano esitsha se-USMCA, amazwe angamahlakani kufuneka amkele amalungelo abasebenzi avunyiweyo yi-International Labour Organisation (MNA LO).
La malungelo aquka inkululeko yokunxulumana, ilungelo leengxoxo ezidityanelweyo, ukupheliswa kokusebenza ngenkani, ukupheliswa kokuqeshwa kwabantwana, nokupheliswa kocalucalulo. Ukuthatha elinye inyathelo, i-USMCA yazisa imfuno yokuqala yohlobo lwayo lweXabiso lomSebenzi (LVC), ebeka imigangatho yomvuzo omncinci kwiimveliso ezithile. Xa iimeko zokusebenza zabasebenzi zibangcono, kukho amathuba amancinci ogwayimbo okanye ukuphazamiseka okwenzekayo. Oku kwenza ukuba amakhonkco obonelelo akhuseleke ngakumbi kuba amashishini awafane afumane iingxaki ezingalindelekanga ngexesha lemveliso.
Isakhelo sentsebenziswano
Ngaphandle kokufikelela kwiimarike kunye namalungelo abasebenzi alungelelanisiweyo, i-USMCA inceda amazwe angamahlakani ukuba "aphinde akheke ngcono" emva kokujongana namaxesha oqoqosho anzima. Oku kuthetha ukuba bonke banokusebenzisa izakhono ezidibeneyo zommandla, inkunzi, kunye nolwazi ukuze bakhule kunye kwaye benze uqoqosho lwabo lomelele.
Ngokomzekelo, ukhuseleko lotyalo-mali kwisivumelwano lukhuthaza iinkampani zase-US ukuba zityale imali kuhlolo lwe-oyile negesi yaseMexico. IMexico, kule meko, ibonelela ngoovimba otyebileyo okrwada kunye nabasebenzi abanezakhono, ngelixa amashishini ase-US ezisa inkunzi yemali, itekhnoloji ephezulu, kunye namava ombutho.
Ukuhamba kwedatha okudityanisiweyo
Imixokelelwane yonikezelo eyomelelayo ayisuki nje iimveliso zenyama ukusuka kwindawo ukuya kwenye. Bakwathembele kakhulu kwidatha kunye nokudluliselwa kolwazi. I-USMCA ibandakanya a isahluko esizinikeleyo kurhwebo lwedijithali olukhuthaza ulwazi oluluqilima noluhlanganisiweyo kunye nesithuba sobuchwepheshe ngaphakathi kuMntla Melika.
Ngetekhnoloji ye-AI efana imfundo edibeneyo, amashishini angakwazi ukuhlalutya idatha ayiqokelele ngamnye ngaphandle kokwabelana ngedatha ekrwada. Umzekelo, iifemu zetekhnoloji yezonyango zinokufunda ukuqonda okubalulekileyo malunga nezigulana ezibanzi kunye neendlela zezifo. Bangakufeza oku ngaphandle kokwaphula ubumfihlo bomsebenzisi okanye bophule kumalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda ebotshelelwe kwisoftware yabo eyodwa okanye izixhobo zonyango.
Ukubonakala okukhulu
Njengokuhluma kokugqibela, i-USMCA ibeka isethi eneenkcukacha yemithetho yemvelaphi ukugqiba ukuba ingakanani imveliso eyenziwa ngaphakathi kwemida yemimandla ye-USMCA. Le migaqo ibalulekile njengoko imisela ukuba zeziphi iimpahla ezifanelekileyo ukufumana unyango olukhethekileyo olunikezelwa sisivumelwano.
Ngokomzekelo, kwicandelo leemoto, kuyafuneka oko ubuncinane i-70% yokuthengwa kwentsimbi kunye ne-aluminiyam yomvelisi wesithuthi ivela kuMntla Melika. Ngenxa yoko, amashishini kufuneka agcine iirekhodi ezicokisekileyo ezixhasa imvelaphi yemveliso, njengamaxwebhu othutho, iintlawulo, nokunye. Oku kugcinwa kweerekhodi kunyanzeliswa kuqinisekisa ukungafihli kwaye kuququzelela ukulandelwa okuphuculweyo kwemvelaphi kunye nohambo lwempahla kulo lonke ikhonkco lobonelelo.
Imiqobo engahlawulisiyo ye-USMCA: imiqobo yendlela enokubakho
Izivumelwano zorhwebo zasimahla ezifana ne-USMCA zinamandla okudibanisa uqoqosho lwesizwe lube ngumbutho wengingqi owomeleleyo, omanyeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, ayiphelelanga yonke. Isivumelwano sikhuthaza ukurhweba ngokukhululekileyo phakathi kwamazwe athatha inxaxheba, kodwa imiqobo engeyiyo irhafu efana nezabelo zamazwe angaphandle, iimfuno zelayisenisi, imigaqo engangqinelaniyo, kunye neemeko zomsebenzi eziguquguqukayo zisekho.
Umzekelo, injongo ye-USMCA kukukhuthaza amashishini ase-US ukuba asondeze imisebenzi yawo kufutshane nekhaya, mhlawumbi eMexico okanye eCanada. Kodwa kukho imiqobo. Iimfuno eziphezulu zemivuzo yaseCanada zinokunqanda intshukumo enjalo. Ngokwahlukileyo, iMexico, ngaphandle kokubonelela ngenye indlela yokusebenza efikelelekayo ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa neAsia, ayinabo abasebenzi abanezakhono abafunwa ngamashishini ase-US.
Iinzame zisafuneka ukulungelelanisa imimiselo nemigangatho kula mazwe mathathu. Oku kubandakanya ukuqinisa intsebenziswano enqumla imida kunye nokuphucula iinkqubo zomthetho. Ngaphaya koko, ilizwe ngalinye kufuneka landise utyalo-mali lwalo kuphuhliso lwabasebenzi kunye nemfundo, ngakumbi kwiinkalo zezakhono nezobugcisa.
Ngaba unomdla wokufunda ngezinye izivumelwano zorhwebo zasimahla? Jonga oku ibhlog enzulu kwi-Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) kwaye ubone indlela eyenza ngayo amandla ezoqoqosho kummandla we-Asia-Pacific!
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