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IsiKhokelo esiGqibeleleyo kwiintambo kunye neZincedisi eziBalulekileyo

Isiqulatho
● Intshayelelo
● Isishwankathelo semarike
● Iindidi ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu zazo
● Izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa ukhetha iimveliso
● Umqukumbelo

intshayelelo

Iintambo kunye nezixhobo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwii-electronics zanamhlanje, ziququzelela uqhagamshelwano olungenamthungo kunye nokusebenza kuluhlu lwezixhobo kunye nosetyenziso. Iqhutywa kukunyuka kwemfuno yombane kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, ishishini lekhebula liyaqhubeka nokuvela. Ukukhetha iintambo ezifanelekileyo kubandakanya ukuqonda iintlobo zazo, iimpawu, kunye neemfuno ezingqamene nesicelo. Esi sikhokelo sihlalutya kwiintsingiselo zemarike, iintlobo zeentambo, kunye neengqwalasela ezibalulekileyo zokukhetha iimveliso ezilungileyo.

ubenemboniselo Market

IiNjineli zoMbane zokuLungisa iiCables kwiSeva

Izinga lemarike kunye nokukhula

Imakethi yezixhobo zentambo yehlabathi ixabisa i-49.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2020 kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba iya kufikelela kwiibhiliyoni zeedola ezingama-99.3 ngo-2030, ibhalisa i-CAGR ye-7.2%. Oku kukhula kuqhutywa kukunyuka kwemfuno yombane kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo, kuquka i-oyile negesi, ulwakhiwo, kunye nokuvelisa. Amacandelo entengiso abandakanya usetyenziso lwamandla ombane aphantsi, aphakathi, kunye naphezulu, kunye necandelo lamandla ombane aphezulu elibambe esona sabelo sikhulu semakethi ngenxa yemfuno yaso kwizicelo zamashishini.

Iimbono zengingqi

I-Asia-Pacific yalawula imakethi ngo-2020 kwaye kulindeleke ukuba igcine oku kukhokela kulo lonke ixesha loqikelelo. Oku kulawula kubalelwa kushishino olukhawulezayo lommandla, imfuno ebalulekileyo yeziseko zombane, kunye nobukho babadlali abaphambili bezentengiso. Amazwe afana neTshayina, iJapan, iIndiya, kunye neOstreliya anegalelo elikhulu ekukhuleni kwemarike, eqhutywa kukukhula kokuveliswa kwamandla kunye neemfuno zokusasazwa kombane.

Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu zazo

Vala ifoto ye-Ethernet Cable

Iimbane zamandla

Iintambo zombane zibalulekile ekugqithiseni amandla ombane kwaye zakhiwe ngezixhobo eziphezulu zokuqhuba ezifana nobhedu okanye ialuminiyam. Iikhonduki zobhedu, nangona zibiza kakhulu, zibonelela nge-conductivity ephezulu, ukuchasana okuphantsi, kunye nobomi obude xa kuthelekiswa ne-aluminiyam. Iintambo zamandla zifakwe kwizinto ezifana ne-PVC, i-XLPE (i-polyethylene edibeneyo), kunye ne-rubber, ekhethwe kwiipropati zabo ze-dielectric, ukumelana nokushisa, kunye nokuguquguquka. Ezi ntambo ziyakwazi ukusingatha imithwalo yangoku ephezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-10 ukuya kwi-500 amperes, kwaye zisetyenziselwa izicelo ezifana nokuhanjiswa kwamandla, oomatshini boshishino, kunye nokukhanya kwezorhwebo. Umzekelo, ukugquma kwe-XLPE kunokumelana namaqondo obushushu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-90°C, oko kuyenza ifaneleke kwiindawo ezinombane ophezulu.

Lawula iintambo

Iintambo zokulawula zenzelwe ukuhambisa iimpawu zokulawula kwi-automation kunye neenkqubo zokulawula inkqubo. Zihlala zakhiwe ngee-multi-core copper conductors, ezifakwe kwi-PVC, kwaye zinokubandakanya ukukhusela ukuthintela ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic (EMI). Ezi ntambo ngokuqhelekileyo zixhasa amandla akhoyo ngoku ukuya kuthi ga kwi-ampere ezili-10 kwaye zilinganiswe kwiivoltage phakathi kwama-300 ukuya kuma-600 volts. Iintambo zokulawula zisetyenziselwa uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, kubandakanywa i-automation ye-industrial, i-robotics, kunye nokulawula umatshini, apho ukuhanjiswa kwesignali echanekileyo kunye nethembekileyo kubalulekile. Izixhobo zokugquma zibonelela ngokumelana neoyile, iikhemikhali, kunye noxinzelelo lomatshini, ziqinisekisa ukuqina kwemeko yemizi mveliso.

Iintambo zedatha

Iintambo zedatha, ezinjengee-Ethernet neentambo ze-USB, zibalulekile ekugqithiseni idatha kwiinkqubo zothungelwano nezonxibelelwano. Iintambo ze-Ethernet, ezihlelwe kwiindidi ezifana ne-Cat5e, i-Cat6, kunye ne-Cat6a, zinika amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okusebenza, kunye ne-Cat6a exhasa isantya ukuya kwi-10 Gbps kumgama ophezulu weemitha ezili-100. Ezi ntambo zibandakanya izibini eziphothiweyo zeengcingo zobhedu, ngokuqhelekileyo i-24 AWG (i-American Wire Gauge), enceda ukunciphisa i-crosstalk kunye ne-EMI. Iintambo ze-USB, ezisetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwedatha kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla phakathi kwezixhobo, ziyafumaneka kwiinguqulelo ezifana ne-USB 2.0, 3.0, kunye ne-3.1, kunye namazinga okudlulisa idatha ukuya kwi-10 Gbps. Iintambo zakhiwe ngee-conductor ezininzi, zifakwe kwi-insulation ngezixhobo ezifana ne-PVC, kwaye zihlala zibandakanya ukukhusela ukukhusela ukuphazamisa umqondiso.

Iintambo zeFiber optic

Iintambo zeFiber optic ziyilelwe ukuhanjiswa kwedatha ngesantya esiphezulu kumgama omde kusetyenziswa imiqondiso yokukhanya. Ziquka ingundoqo eyenziwe ngeglasi okanye imicu yeplastiki, ejikelezwe ngumaleko wokugquma onesalathiso esisezantsi se-refractive ukugcina imiqondiso yokukhanya ivaliwe. Ezi ntambo zinokuxhasa amaxabiso edatha angaphezu kwe-100 Gbps kwaye zikhuselekile kukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic. Iifiber zemowudi enye, kunye nobubanzi obuyi-micrometer malunga ne-9, zisetyenziselwa unxibelelwano olude, ngelixa iifibers ze-multi-mode, ezinobubanzi obuphakathi ukusuka kwi-50 ukuya kwi-62.5 micrometers, zifanelekile kumgama omfutshane. Ijacket yokukhusela yangaphandle, eyenziwe kwizinto ezifana nePVC okanye i-polyethylene, inika amandla omatshini kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo.

Iintambo zeCoaxial

Iintambo ze-coaxial zisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa izibonakaliso ze-high-frequency kwaye ziquka umqhubi ophakathi, ngokuqhelekileyo ubhedu, ojikelezwe ngumaleko we-dielectric insulating, i-metallic shield, kunye nejacket yokukhusela yangaphandle. Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo bomqhubi ophakathi ukusuka kwi-20 ukuya kwi-10 AWG, kunye nekhaka linokwenziwa ngobhedu oluphothiweyo okanye i-aluminium foil, enceda ukunciphisa ilahleko yesignali kunye nokukhusela kwi-EMI. Iintambo ze-Coaxial ziyakwazi ukusasaza imiqondiso ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3 GHz, zizenze zilungele usetyenziso olunjengosasazo lukamabonakude, i-intanethi yentambo, kunye nonxibelelwano ngesathelayithi. I-dielectric material, ehlala i-polyethylene foam, igcina i-impedance yentambo kunye nokunciphisa ukutshatyalaliswa komqondiso.

Iintambo ezikhethekileyo

Iintambo ezikhethekileyo ziyilelwe usetyenziso oluthile, njengeemoto, zaselwandle, zeHDMI, kunye neentambo zeaudio/ zevidiyo. Iintambo zemoto kufuneka zimelane namaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo, iikhemikhali, kunye nokungcangcazela koomatshini, amaxesha amaninzi bebonisa iiconductors ezenziwe ngobhedu olufakwe kwitoti ukwenzela ukuxhathisa umhlwa kunye nemathiriyeli yokugquma njenge-polyethylene edityaniswe ngokunqamlezileyo. Iintambo zaselwandle zakhiwe ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nemekobume yaselwandle erhabaxa, enemathiriyeli ekwaziyo ukumelana namanzi etyuwa, imitha ye-UV, kunye ne-oyile, ebonisa i-conductor yobhedu enkonkxiweyo kunye ne-neoprene okanye i-EPR (i-ethylene propylene rubber) yokugquma. Iintambo ze-HDMI, ezisetyenziselwa i-high-definition yevidiyo kunye ne-audio transmission, inokuxhasa izisombululo ukuya kwi-4K nangaphezulu, kunye namazinga edatha ukuya kwi-18 Gbps, kwaye yakhiwe ngeembini ezininzi eziphothiweyo zeengcingo zobhedu, zikhuselwe ukukhusela i-EMI. Iintambo ze-audio/video, ezifana neentambo ze-RCA kunye ne-XLR, zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zethiyetha zasekhaya kunye nezixhobo zomsindo eziqeqeshelweyo, ezenzelwe ukuthwala imiqondiso ye-analog okanye yedijithali ngokuphazamiseka okungephi, ngokufuthi zibandakanya iziqhagamshelo ezifakwe ngegolide zokuqhuba ngcono kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola.

Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha iimveliso

Intambo ye-Ethernet

I-voltage kunye nomthamo wangoku

Xa ukhetha iintambo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umlinganiselo wamandla ombane ungaphezulu kowona mbane uphezulu wenkqubo ukuthintela ukonakaliswa kwe-insulation. Umzekelo, intambo elinganiselwe kwi-600V akufuneki isetyenziswe kwisistim ye-1kV. Ngokufanayo, umthamo wangoku kufuneka uhambelane neemfuno zomthwalo ukuphepha ukufudumala. Iintambo ngokuqhelekileyo zilinganiswe kwii-amperes, kwaye ukusebenzisa intambo enomlinganiselo ongonelanga wangoku kunokukhokelela ekuveliseni ubushushu obugqithisileyo. Ngokomzekelo, i-cable ye-10 AWG yethusi, kunye nomthamo wangoku malunga nama-amps angama-30, akufanele isetyenziswe kwizicelo ezifuna imithwalo ephezulu.

Izinto eziphathekayo kunye nokwakhiwa

Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo zombini i-conductor kunye ne-insulation ichaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kwentambo. I-Copper, kunye nokuchasana kombane okuphantsi (1.68 µΩ·cm), ibonelela nge-conductivity engcono kune-aluminium (2.82 µΩ·cm), iyenza ibe yinto ekhethwayo kwizicelo eziphezulu zokusebenza. Izixhobo ze-insulation ezifana ne-PVC, i-XLPE, kunye neTeflon zineepropati ezihlukeneyo: I-PVC ingabizi kwaye i-flame-retardant, ifanelekile ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi; I-XLPE inikeza ukuchasana kwe-thermal ephezulu (ukuya kwi-90 ° C) kunye namandla omatshini, afanelekileyo kwiindawo zoshishino; I-Teflon, kunye nokuxhatshazwa kweekhemikhali ezikhethekileyo kunye nokunyamezela ukushisa (ukuya kuma-260 ° C), isetyenziswe kwiimeko ezinzima. Ibhatyi yangaphandle, nokuba yi-PVC, irabha, okanye inayiloni, ikhusela ekonakalisweni ngokomzimba, ukufuma, kunye neekhemikhali, kunye nerabha ekhethwayo kwizicelo eziphantsi komhlaba nangaphantsi kwamanzi ngenxa yokunganyangeki kwayo kwamanzi.

Indawo yofakelo

Iintambo zofakelo oluphezulu kufuneka zibe khaphukhaphu kwaye zikwazi ukumelana nezinto ezisingqongileyo ezifana nemitha ye-UV kunye nomoya. Iintambo ezingaphezulu zihlala zisebenzisa i-ACSR (i-Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced) ukomelela okongeziweyo. Iintambo eziphantsi komhlaba zifuna ukugquma okuqinileyo kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela ukukhusela kuxinzelelo lomatshini kunye nokungena kokufuma. Ezi ntambo zidla ngokuxhonywa ngocingo lwentsimbi okanye itheyiphu ukwenzela ukuqina okongeziweyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi angaphantsi kwamanzi, iintambo ziyilwe zinemigangatho emininzi yokugquma kunye nokuthintela amanzi ukumelana noxinzelelo, amanzi etyuwa, kunye nezinye izinto ezidliwayo. Oku kunokubandakanya iileya zepolyethylene kunye nerabha, kunye neshethi yelothe yokhuseleko olongezelelweyo.

Ukhuseleko kunye nokuthotyelwa

Ukuthobela imigangatho nemimiselo yokhuseleko kubalulekile. Umzekelo, iintambo ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinobungozi kufuneka zihambelane nemigangatho ye-ATEX okanye ye-IECEx, eqinisekisa ukuba zikhuselekile ukuba zisetyenziswe kwi-atmospheres eqhumayo. Iintambo ezingenakuvutha umlilo, ezihlelwe phantsi kwemigangatho efana ne-UL 1581 okanye i-IEC 60332, zibalulekile ekuthinteleni ukwanda komlilo. Iintambo zoMsi oPhantsi weZero Halogen (LSZH), ezikhupha umsi omncinci kunye neegesi ezinetyhefu ngexesha lokutsha, zikhethwa kwizakhiwo zikawonke-wonke kunye neendawo ezivaliweyo. Ukuhlolwa kokuthotyelwa rhoqo kunye neziqinisekiso kuqinisekisa ukuba iintambo ziyahlangabezana nezi mfuno zingqongqo.

Ubungqina bexesha elizayo

Ukufakela ubungqina bexesha elizayo, ukukhetha iintambo ezinemilinganiselo yokusebenza ephezulu kunoko kufunwa ngoku kububulumko. Ngokomzekelo, ukusebenzisa iintambo ze-Cat6a Ethernet, ezixhasa amaxabiso edatha ukuya kwi-10 Gbps, endaweni ye-Cat5e, iqinisekisa ukuhambelana nokuphuculwa kwenethiwekhi yexesha elizayo. Kusasazo lwamandla, ukukhetha iintambo ezine-ampacity ephezulu kunokwamkela ukwanda kwexesha elizayo kumthwalo ngaphandle kokufuna ukuphinda kufakwe kwakhona. Ukongeza, ukuqwalasela ukuqhubela phambili kwitekhnoloji yegridi ehlakaniphile, iintambo ezixhasa i-bandwidth ephezulu kunye namandla onxibelelwano kunokuba luncedo ekudibaniseni izixhobo kunye neenkqubo ezizayo.

isiphelo

Ikheyibhile iPlukwe kwiPaneli yePatch

Iintambo kunye nezixhobo ziyimfuneko kwicandelo le-elektroniki yabathengi, zibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweentlobo kunye neempawu ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zezicelo. Ukuqonda iintsingiselo zeemarike kunye nokukhetha ngononophelo iimveliso ezifanelekileyo kubalulekile ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kunye nokuqinisekisa ubomi obude kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino kunye nezorhwebo. Njengoko iteknoloji iqhubela phambili kunye neemfuno zivela, ukhetho olufanelekileyo lweentambo luya kuqhubeka ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni iinkqubo ze-elektroniki ezisebenzayo nezithembekileyo.

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