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Isikhokelo ekufanele wazi kumaxwebhu okuThumela

Kubalulekile ukufumana uxwebhu lwakho lokuthumela ngokufanelekileyo xa uthumela iimpahla zakho kumazwe ngamazwe. Ufuna ukuthunyelwa kuhambe ukusuka kwimvelaphi ukuya kwindawo ngaphandle kolibaziseko. Naziphi na iimpazamo okanye izinto ezishiyiweyo kuwo nawaphi na amaxwebhu okuthumela anokubamba ukuthunyelwa kwakho ngokungeyomfuneko.

Eli nqaku lichaza amaxwebhu othutho angundoqo oza kuwafuna, kwaye yeyiphi injongo esebenzayo lala maxwebhu. 

Isiqulatho
Ukubaluleka kwamaxwebhu okuthumela
Iimfuno zolwazi lwemveliso
Iindidi zekhontrakthi yokuthwala
Iingcamango zokugqibela kumaxwebhu okuthumela

Ukubaluleka kwamaxwebhu okuthumela

Amaxwebhu okuthumela ngenqanawa anikezela ngolwazi oluza kusetyenziswa ngugunyaziwe wezithethe zelizwe elithumela ngaphandle, abathwali (abathwali) abathutha uthutho, kunye negunya lezithethe zelizwe elingenisayo. Amaxwebhu awela kwiinkalo ezine eziphambili:

  • ulwazi malunga neemveliso ezithunyelwayo
  • isivumelwano esisemthethweni sokuhamba phakathi kwawo onke amaqela
  • izibhengezo kunye neelayisensi ezifunekayo zokuthumela ngaphandle
  • izibhengezo kunye neelayisensi ezifunekayo zokungenisa elizweni

Amaxwebhu okuthumela ngolwazi lwemveliso

Ulwazi lwemveliso lubalulekile kwiqela ngalinye elibandakanyekayo ekuthunyelweni, ukwazi ukuba yintoni na ethunyelwayo, yayiyintoni imigaqo yokuthengisa nokuthenga, nokuba iimpahla zifuna ukhathalelo olulodwa, okanye imvume kunye neelayisensi. Amaxwebhu okuthumela ngenqanawa anika le ngcaciso yemveliso aquka:

  • i-invoyisi yentengiso
  • uluhlu lokupakisha
  • isatifikethi semvelaphi
  • isatifikethi sokuhlolwa

Amaxwebhu okuthumela okongeziweyo

Ezinye iindidi zamaxwebhu zinokufunwa ngokuxhomekeke kubume bempahla yorhwebo. Umzekelo, izinto ezinokuthi zithathwe njengengozi zinokufuna ifom yempahla eyingozi okanye amaxwebhu edatha okhuseleko.

Ikhontrakthi yokuThula

Ikhontrakthi yokuThuthwa yisivumelwano esivunyelweneyo phakathi komthumeli kunye nomthwali wokuthuthwa kwempahla. Ikhontrakthi yokuThuthwa ibeka imiqathango, imiqathango, izibophelelo, amatyala kunye noxanduva lweqela ngalinye malunga nokuthuthwa kwempahla. A Ityala lokhwela isetyenziselwa abathuthi baselwandle kunye ne-Air Waybill ye abathwali bempahla yomoya.

Izibhengezo kunye neelayisensi ezifunekayo zokuthumela ngaphandle

Igunyabantu lokuthumela impahla ngaphandle elizweni lisenokufuna ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwakho kube nelayisenisi yokuthumela ngaphandle enye okanye ngaphezulu phambi kokuba uvumele iimpahla zakho zithunyelwe kumazwe angaphandle. Amazwe amaninzi alawula iindidi zezinto ezinokuthunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle, ukukhusela ishishini kunye nenkcubeko yawo. Basenokulawula ukuba zeziphi na izinto ezinokuthunyelwa kwilizwe ekusingwa kulo, baze bagqibe ngokusetyenziswa kwezi zinto kunye nezixa ezinokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.

The iilayisensi ezifunekayo zokuthumela ngaphandle iyakuxhomekeka kuhlobo lweemveliso, ubunjani bentengiselwano, kunye nelizwe ekuyiwa kulo. Amaxwebhu ongezelelweyo okuthunyelwa ngaphandle angafuneka.

Izibhengezo kunye neelayisensi ezifunekayo zokungenisa elizweni

Ugunyaziwe wezinto ezingena kweli zisenokufuna ukuba uthutho lwakho lube nelayisenisi enye okanye ngaphezulu ukuze kuvumeleke ukuthengwa kweempahla zakho. Amazwe alawula ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zezinto ezinokungeniswa kwilizwe lawo ngendlela efanayo njengoko amazwe elawula oko kunokuthunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle.

Kukho iindidi ngeendidi zeelayisenisi zokungenisa elizweni ezifunwayo ngugunyaziwe wokuthenga izinto kumazwe angaphandle kwaye kusenokubakho inani lamasebe ohlukeneyo karhulumente abandakanyekayo kulwamkelo.

Iimfuno zolwazi lwemveliso

I-invoyisi yentengiso

The i-invoyisi yentengiso luxwebhu olusemthethweni phakathi komthengisi (umthengisi wangaphandle) kunye nomthengi (umthengi ovela kwamanye amazwe) oluchaza izinto ezithengiswayo kunye nesixa umthengi amakahlawule. Yi-invoyisi yempahla ekhutshwe ngumthengisi kumthengi. I-invoyisi yorhwebo yenye yamaxwebhu abalulekileyo asetyenziswa ngamasiko ukumisela ixabiso lempahla kwaye ngoko ke imisebenzi yempahla.  

Ixabiso elichaziweyo lixabiso elithengiweyo phakathi komthengi nomthengisi, hayi ixabiso lempahla xa ithengiswa kwindawo ekusingwa kuyo.

Uluhlu lokupakisha

Abathumeli bempahla, abathuthi kunye namagosa athumela izinto ezingena ngaphakathi kuwo onke asebenzisa uluhlu lokupakisha ukujonga ngokuchasene nomthwalo obonakalayo kunye nokubhukisha indawo yokuthumela ngenqanawa. Uluhlu lokupakisha luchaza imixholo yothutho, kunye nokupakishwa kubandakanya uhlobo (umz. ibhokisi, ikhreyithi, igubu), inani leepakethe, kunye nobunzima bubonke.

Isatifikethi semvelaphi

Amanye amazwe angenisayo afuna isiqinisekiso semvelaphi ukuchonga apho iimpahla zazenziwe khona ekuqaleni, kwaye oku kungafuneka nokuba olu lwazi beluqukiwe kwi-invoyisi yorhwebo. Amazwe angenisayo anokuba nezithintelo ekungeniseni kumazwe athile okanye afake iirhafu ezongezelelweyo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba ilizwe lemvelaphi yokwenyani libhengezwe ngokufanelekileyo.

Isatifikethi sokuHlola

ISatifikethi sokuHlola sichaza ukuba iimpahla ezithunyelwayo ziye zahlolwa ngugunyaziwe onobuchule, kwaye zihambelana nemigaqo kunye neenkcukacha ezichazwe kwikhontrakthi yokuthengisa.

  • iSitifiketi sokuHlola esisemthethweni sisetyenziswa ngabasemagunyeni ukuze bajonge kwaye baqinisekise ukuba iimpahla ezithunyelwayo zichazwe kwi-invoyisi yorhwebo.
  • ISatifikethi sokuHlola uRhwebo sigqityiwe kumthengi ngaphambi kokuthumela ngenqanawa ukufumanisa ukuba iimpahla ezenziweyo ziyahambelana na nemigaqo yesivumelwano sokuthengisa, kunye nokuhlangabezana nomgangatho wokuvelisa ekuvunyelwene ngawo kunye nezinye iinkcukacha zekhontrakthi.

Iindidi zekhontrakthi yokuthwala

Ityala lokhwela

I-Bill of Lading (BOL) bubungqina bekhontrakthi yokuthwala, esetyenziselwa imithwalo yolwandle, phakathi komnini wempahla kunye nomthwali. Isebenza imisebenzi emithathu ephambili:

  • njengerisithi kunye nokuvuma ukuba iimpahla zilayishiwe
  • njengobungqina kunye nemiqathango yesivumelwano sokuhamba
  • njengetayitile egqithiselwayo kwimpahla

 Iindidi ezi-3 zeMithetho eYilwayo yokuLading kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo

UMthetho oyilwayo wokuLading (OBL)

I-Original Bill of Lading (OBL) sisivumelwano esibophelela ngokusemthethweni sokuthwala impahla. Luxwebhu lwekopi elukhuni, olugqitywe ngumthwali, kwaye emva koko lunikezelwe kumthumeli emva kokuba umthwalo uqinisekisiwe kwinqanawa. Umthumeli wenqanawa uphethe iBhili yeLading yokuqala de afumane intlawulo kumrhwebi. Umthumeli emva koko uthumela amaxwebhu okuqala kumthumeli-mpahla kwindawo yokugqibela (ngokuqhelekileyo nge-courier).

Umrhwebi othenga kumazwe angaphandle kufuneka anikezele ngeBhili yokuLayisha eqinisekisiweyo kumthwali ukuze uthutho lukhululwe.

Bonisa iBill of Lading

I-Express Bill of Lading isetyenziswa xa umnikezeli ehambisa iimpahla kumthengisi ngaphandle kweMithetho yeMithetho yokuqala ekhutshwayo, kwaye yindlela yokuhambisa ukuthunyelwa ngokukhawuleza (ngokucacileyo) ngaphandle kwamaxwebhu asemthethweni abophe umthumeli kunye nomthengisi kwizinto ezifana nentlawulo, ukuhanjiswa kunye nesihloko sempahla. Isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo xa umntu ongenisa impahla evela kumazwe angaphandle enobudlelwane bentlawulo obude okanye ehlawule kwangaphambili umthumeli wempahla.

UMthetho osaYilwayo weNdlu yokuLading (HBL)

The UMthetho osaYilwayo weNdlu yokuLading (HBL) iveliswa ngumthumeli wempahla kwaye ikhutshelwa umthengisi xa umthwalo ufunyenwe. Kukuvunywa ngokusesikweni kokufunyanwa kweempahla ezithunyelwa ngenqanawa ngumthumeli wempahla.

Air Waybill (AWB)

Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla yomoya kufuna i-Air Waybills, endaweni ye-Bills of Lading, kodwa isebenze injongo efanayo yekhontrakthi esemthethweni yokuthwala phakathi kwamaqela. I-Air Waybill incanyathiselwe, kwaye ihamba kunye, iimpahla ezithunyelwa ngenqwelo moya yamazwe ngamazwe. Olu xwebhu lunika iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe malunga nokuthunyelwa kwaye luvumela ukuba lulandelelwe xa luhamba. I-Air Waybills ingumthumeli-zingqale kwaye ayingomaxwebhu anokuxoxisana okanye adluliselwe, kwaye ayiniki isihloko.

Iindidi ze-Air Waybill

I-House Airway Bill (HAWB)

I-House Airway Bill (HAWB) iveliswa ngumthumeli wempahla emoyeni okanye yinkampani ye-air Express kwaye ikopi inikwa umthumeli xa ithathwa njengerisithi.

Umthetho osayilwayo weNdlela yoMoya oyiNtloko (MAWB)

I-Master Airway Bill (i-MAWB) iveliswa yinkampani yeenqwelomoya kwaye inikezelwe kumhambisi wothutho lomoya okanye inkampani ye-air express.

Iingcamango zokugqibela kumaxwebhu okuthumela

Ukuthumela imithwalo kumazwe ngamazwe kungaba yinkqubo egudileyo ngaphandle kokuba iimfuno zokuthunyelwa kwamaxwebhu ziyahlangatyezwa.

Ukuthunyelwa kwenqanawa, nokuba kungemoya okanye elwandle, ulwazi olupheleleyo lwemveliso kufuneka lunikezelwe, kubandakanywa nekhontrakthi yokuthwala (nokuba i-Bill of Lading okanye i-Air Waybill), kunye naziphi na izatifikethi zokuhlola eziyimfuneko kunye neelayisensi.

Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kunye nokungenisa, la maxwebhu okuthumela abaluleke ngokulinganayo, kodwa kunokubakho iimfuno ezongezelelweyo zeelayisensi ezithile kunye amaxwebhu okuthobela oko kufuneka kugqitywe.

Ngaba ujonge isisombululo solungiselelo kunye namaxabiso okukhuphisana, ukubonakala okupheleleyo, kunye nenkxaso yomthengi efikelelekayo? Jonga i Chovm.com Logistics Marketplace namhlanje.

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