Ikhaya » Ukufumana iimveliso » Umoya ovuselelekayo » Ngaba i-Off-grid eHlaziywa ngokutsha yimithombo yaMandla amatsha e-Afrika?  
ngaphandle kwegridi ihlaziyeka imithombo emitsha yamandla e-Afrika

Ngaba i-Off-grid eHlaziywa ngokutsha yimithombo yaMandla amatsha e-Afrika?  

Abaphandi abaninzi bayichaze iAfrika njengelizwekazi 'le-leapfrog' ngenxa yamandla ayo okudlula amaxabiso aphezulu amanqanaba ophuhliso lobuchwephesha kumacandelo amaninzi. Umzekelo, iintambo zocingo ezisisigxina azizange zidume eAfrika; endaweni yoko, ilizwekazi lafudukela ngqo kwiselula. Ngokufanayo, i-Afrika iye yakha indlela yamandla eyahlukileyo edlula iziseko zophuhliso lwamandla emveli ngokudala inkqubo yamandla ehlaziyekayo, engekho kwigridi.

Isiqulatho
Intshayelelo kushishino lwamandla eAfrika
Isishwankathelo sedatha yeshishini lamandla eAfrika
Ubungakanani bemarike kunye nokubakho
Izinto eziqhuba imfuno yezinto ezivuselelwayo ngaphandle kwegridi
Iindlela eziphambili kwimarike yamandla aseAfrika
Kujoliswe kubathengi
Ukuhamba kokugqibela

Intshayelelo kushishino lwamandla eAfrika

 Ushwankathelo Idatha yoshishino lwamandla eAfrika

Uqikelelo lwe-International Energy Renewable Energy (IRENA) lubonisa ukuba phantse isiqingatha kubemi baseAfrika abafikeleli kumbane. Nangona kunjalo, ilizwekazi kulindeleke ukuba libe nenguqu entsha yamandla apho ufikelelo kumbane luya kuba ngamandla ahlaziyekayo kunye negesi yendalo.

Ukuhla kweendleko zobuchwepheshe kunye nemithombo yemithombo ye-Afrika ehlaziyekayo ibe yeyona nto iphambili ekukhuleni kokusasazwa komgangatho wokusetyenziswa kunye nokusasazwa. Iinkqubo ze-photovoltaics zelanga (PV). kunye nokunye okunokuhlaziywa. Ukuhanjiswa kwePV yelanga kumndilili malunga 15GW ngonyaka kodwa kulindeleke ukuba ikhule iye kuma-340GW ngo-2040. Eminye imithombo yamandla eyanda ngokukhawuleza kwilizwekazi iquka umoya, i-geothermal, kunye nombane wamanzi.

Ubungakanani bemarike kunye nokubakho

Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo kuye kwanda kakhulu kwi-Afrika iphela njengoko amazwe eqhubeka nokubeka amacebo acacileyo nemigaqo-nkqubo yokuphumeza utshintsho lwamandla acocekileyo ehlabathini nokuthobela izithembiso zokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ngokomzekelo, malunga million 600 abantu e-Afrika bahlala ngaphandle kwegrid, kunye ne-10% yaba bantu basebenzisa amandla ahlaziyekayo angekho kwigridi yolunye uhlobo.

IAfrika inalo isantya sokukhula ngokukhawuleza kumandla ahlaziyekayo kwihlabathi jikelele, ngoku ahleli kumndilili wama-96% ngonyaka. Ilizwekazi lifumene i-70%, malunga ne-US$1.7 yebhiliyoni yotyalo-mali lwehlabathi kwicandelo le-off-grid phakathi kowama-2010 no-2020. Olu tyalo-mali lunyukayo lunokunxulunyaniswa nokunyuka kwemfuno yemithombo yamandla engenye, ngakumbi kwimimandla yasemaphandleni apho iigridi ezincinci kunye neenkqubo ezizimeleyo zithathwa njengezona zisombululo ezisebenzayo zokunqongophala kombane.

Izinto eziqhuba imfuno yezinto ezivuselelwayo ngaphandle kwegridi 

Olu tyhalo lwemithombo yamandla angekho kwigridi luqhutywa ziindleko eziphantsi zofakelo, ngakumbi amandla elanga, akukho ntlawulo yenyanga, kunye nokuthembeka. Ngokomzekelo, ngaphezu 350,000 abantu baseMpuma Afrika basebenzisa iiphaneli zelanga zasekhaya ukukhanyisa amakhaya abo, ukwenza amandla elanga abe ngowona mthombo wamandla ongomnye udumileyo kulo mmandla.

Iindlela eziphambili kwimarike yamandla aseAfrika

  1. Kukho imisebenzi yokuhlola i-oyile negesi kunye nemveliso

Amafutha efosili anegalelo I-40% yamandla e-Afrika esemazantsi kweSahara ewonke xuba. Amanani kulindeleke ukuba ande ngenxa yokukhawuleza kweeprojekthi zokuhlola ioyile negesi yendalo kwilizwekazi liphela. Njengokuba, Amazwe aseAfrika kuquka i-Egypt, uMzantsi Afrika, iTanzania, iSenegal, iMozambique, neMauritania, ngokudibeneyo ibe negalelo elingama-40% erhasi yehlabathi jikelele phakathi kowama-2011 nowama-2018.

  1. Ukukhawulezisa izinto ezingenakuphinda zihlaziywe ngamanzi 

Uninzi lwamazwe ase-Afrika anciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwimithombo yamandla asekwe kumalahle kunye ne-oyile kwaye atshintshela kwizinto ezingasebenzi ngokutsha. Nangona I-90% ye-non-hydro yase-Afrika Umbane awukasetyenziswa, imithombo engeyiyo i-hydrorenewable, kubandakanywa i-biomass, i-geothermal, i-solar, kunye nomoya, iya isiba yimithombo yamandla engenye yelizwekazi.

Amandla eBiomass

Imithombo yamandla e-biomass ithathwa njengemithombo esebenzayo yokukhuthaza ukhuseleko lwamandla kunye nokwahluka. Ngokumalunga I-80% yabemi kwi-Afrika ekwi-Sub-Saharan (SSA) ixhomekeke kumandla e-biomass, kuquka iinkuni, izityalo, kunye nenkunkuma yezilwanyana. Ngenxa yoko, i-bioenergy ngowona mthombo wamandla ulawulayo, ibalwa malunga I-48% yetotali yezibonelelo ezikhoyo kwilizwekazi. Ngaphandle koko, inani labasebenzisi be-bioenergy kuqikelelwa ukuba linyuke liye kuthi ga kwi-720 yezigidi ngo-2030, nto leyo ebonisa urhwebo olunokubakho kutyalo-mali lwamandla e-biomass.

Amandla ombane

Iprojekthi yeGeothermal energy e-Afrika

Amandla e-Afrika ekwi-geothermal afumaneka kakhulu kwi-Great Rift Valley, i-6,000km yomhlaba osuka kumntla we-Syria ukuya kumbindi we-Mozambique kuMzantsi-Mpuma Afrika. Ngaphandle kwesakhono esikhulu sobushushu bomhlaba kulo mmandla, yi-0.6% kuphela esetyenziswayo ngoku. Amazwe aseMpuma Afrika aqikelelwa ukuba anamandla e-geothermal angama-20,000 MW. Ithemba lamandla e-geothermal eAfrika liyabonakala eKenya, eyona ndawo inkulu evelisa i-geothermal eAfrika. Imveliso yayo yamandla e-geothermal yenza i-40% yokuvelisa umbane wesizwe.

Amandla esola

Iphaneli yelanga ngaphandle kwendlu yeyurt yesintu

Ishishini lamandla elanga e-Afrika liyakhula ngenxa yokwanda kwemfuno yamandla ahlaziyekayo. Iiphaneli zelanga azibizi mali ininzi xa zithelekiswa nezinye iindawo ezivuselelwayo kwaye zinokufakelwa phantse kuzo zonke iindawo zaseAfrika ngenxa yokukhanya kwelanga okuqaqambileyo kweli lizwekazi. Ngenxa yoko, icandelo labucala lityale imali kakhulu kwiinkampani zelanga. Umzekelo, Globeleq inesivumelwano seminyaka engama-20 sokuthenga amandla (PPA) kunye neKenya Power and Lighting Company (KPLC) ukuhambisa umbane welanga njengomvelisi wamandla ozimeleyo (IPP) kumaKenya. Eli ziko, lixhotyiswe ngeepaneli zesola ezili-157,000, lizise umbane kubathengi abaphantse babe ngama-250,000 abahlala eKenya.

Amandla omoya

Iiinjini zomoya ezisebenza ngexesha lokutshona kwelanga

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amandla omoya abonakalise amandla awo, ekhuthaza utyalo-mali olungakumbi kulo mthombo wamandla ahlaziyekayo. Nangona iAfrika iqhwalela ngamandla omoya wokuvuna, uphononongo olwenziwe yi-IFC lubonisa ukuba eli lizwekazi linamandla omoya aphantse abe ngumbane. Iiyure ezingama-180,000 zeeterawatt (TWh) ngonyaka, eyaneleyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zayo zamandla amaxesha angama-250 ngaphezulu. Ezi nkcukacha-manani zibonisa ikamva elithembisayo lelizwekazi kumandla ahlaziyekayo.

  1. Ukusasaza amandla ahlaziyekayo ngokusebenzisa izisombululo ezingekho kwigridi

Iigridi zombane zesizwe e-Afrika azithembekanga kwaye ziyabiza, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunabeni amandla ombane ahlaziyekayo ngokusebenzisa i-off-grid kunye ne-mini-grid systems. Ngelixa Isi-68% samaAfrika bahlala kwiindawo ezibonelelwa ziigridi zesizwe zombane, ngama-43% kuphela axhamla unikezelo oluthembekileyo oluvela kwiziko lombane lelizwe labo. Ngoko ke, iinkqubo ngaphandle kwegridi zisisombululo esisebenzayo kule ngxaki, ngenxa yokwanda kokusebenza kwazo, ukuthembeka, kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokufakela.

Kwamazwe amaninzi aseAfrika, amandla avuselelekayo angekho kwigridi abhekiselele kwiinkqubo ze-photovoltaic (PV) zelanga, nokuba kumanqanaba okuhlala okanye ezorhwebo. Ngenxa yoko, intengiso yeemveliso zamandla elanga iye yanda kakhulu, iMpuma Afrika iyodwa inika ingxelo intengiso ye-2.43 yezigidi zeeyunithi yeemveliso zelanga ezingaphandle kwegridi kwisiqingatha sesibini sowama-2019, kubandakanywa neenkqubo zelanga zasekhaya kunye nezibane zelanga.

Kujoliswe kubathengi 

Eyona nto iphambili ekujoliswe kuyo yokuhlaziywa kwegrid e-Afrika ngabantu basemaphandleni. Njengokuba, Isi-94% samaAfrika abahlala ezidolophini bayafikelela kuthungelwano lwesizwe xa kuthelekiswa nama-45% abahlali basemaphandleni. Le ngxaki inxulunyaniswa neendleko eziphezulu kunye neemeko ezingenakwenzeka zokuqhagamshela iindawo zasemaphandleni nombane wesizwe. Ukongeza, abanye oosomashishini bayasebenza amandla elanga ukuqhuba amashishini ukunciphisa iindleko eziphezulu zamandla ahanjiswa ngeendlela zokusasaza zelizwe. Ke ngoko, ngaphandle kwabathengi ngabanye, iinkampani zibonelela ngethuba lokuthengisa iimveliso zamandla ahlaziyekayo kwilizwekazi liphela.

Ukuhamba kokugqibela

Iindleko eziphezulu kunye nokungathembeki kweegridi zombane zesizwe e-Afrika ziye zaba ngumqhubi obalulekileyo wemfuno yokuhlaziywa kwegrid.

Shiya Comment

Idilesi yakho ye email aziyi kupapashwa. amasimi ezifunekayo ziphawulwa *