Abashicileli be-3D abaBalaseleyo kwabaqalayo: omawujonge ntoni

3D yoshicilelo uye waphuma kumsebenzi obiza imali eninzi kwaye oyingcali waya kwiphupha le-hobbyist okanye loosomashishini. Abantu kwihlabathi liphela batyala imali kubashicileli be-3D ukwenza ubugcisa, ukubuyisela amaqhekeza ekunzima ukufumana zonke iintlobo zoomatshini, ifenitshala, kunye nokunye, kwaye kwezinye iimeko kwakha izindlu. Nangona kunjalo, xa uqalwa kuseyimfuneko ukuthenga umshicileli we-3D olungele iimfuno zabaqalayo.

Isiqulatho
Yintoni ushicilelo lwe-3D kwaye lwaqalwa nini ushicilelo lwe-3D?
Yintoni onokuyenza ngomshicileli we-3D?
Yintoni omawuyijonge xa ​​uthenga iiprinta ze3D zabaqalayo
Kutheni uthengisa iiprinta ze-3D ngoku?

Yintoni ushicilelo lwe-3D kwaye lwaqalwa nini ushicilelo lwe-3D?

Ukuza kuthi ga ngowe-1981 ushicilelo lwalusoloko lunamacala amabini, okanye i-2D; ukhutshelo olulula lomfanekiso okanye isicatshulwa kwisiqwenga sephepha okanye ikhadi. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-1981, u-Hideo Kodama wenza umshicileli wokuqala we-3-dimensional, okanye i-2D, iprototypes. Uphumeze oku ngokubeka iiprinta ezininzi ze-3D, okanye ushicilelo olusicaba, phezu komnye ukuze akhe imilinganiselo emi-2000. Kuyaqondakala ukuba, yena kunye nabo bathe banda kwimveliso yakhe bayikhusela le mpumelelo ngelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ingafikeleleki kwabaninzi de kwasekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-XNUMX.

Ukusukela ngo-2005, oosomashishini basebenzise ithuba lokuphelelwa kwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza. Baqala ukwenza iiprinta ze-3D ezifikelelekayo, ezikhokelela kwi-boom ekwakheni zonke iintlobo zezinto ze-3D ngokubeka kunye nokupakisha izixhobo eziprintiweyo ze-2D. Kwakhona bandisa iindidi zezinto ezinokusetyenziswa, kunye nobukhulu babashicileli kunye nokwakha iipleyiti zoshicilelo olukhulu. Oku kukhokelele kuluhlu olukhulu lwezicelo zomshicileli we3D zabaqalayo kunye neengcali ngokufanayo.

Yintoni onokuyenza ngomshicileli we-3D?

Nangona ekuqaleni zadalwa ukwakha prototypes ngokukhawuleza, ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye ngexabiso eliphantsi, abashicileli banamhlanje be-3D bavelisa ushicilelo oluphezulu besebenzisa uluhlu olubanzi lwemathiriyeli kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Ezinye zezona nkqubo zixhaphakileyo ziquka:

• Ii-Prosthetics kunye nokufakelwa: Ukuprintwa kwe-3D kwenze i-prosthetics edibeneyo, kubandakanywa amalungu kunye namazinyo, afikelelekayo kwaye akhawuleza ukuvelisa. Ukongeza, ukuskena kunye nokushicilela usebenzisa iCAD (uyilo oluncediswa yikhompyuter) kuye kwathetha ukufaneleka kunye nentuthuzelo engcono kwizigulana. Ngophuhliso kwizinto ezisetyenziswa ekushicileleni, sinokubona amalungu apheleleyo eprintwa nge-3D kwixesha elizayo.
• Indawo zokubuyisela: Iinxalenye zoshicilelo ze-3D zinciphisa ixesha kunye neendleko zabo matshini balungisa. Ngaphezu koko, oku kunokuthetha ubomi obude koomatshini abadala kunye nezithuthi kuba iinxalenye ezingasasasazwayo zinokushicilelwa.
• Iindawo zokuhlala kunye nezinye izakhiwo: Abashicileli abakhulu ngoku basetyenziselwa ukushicilela ngokukhawuleza nangexabiso eliphantsi iindawo zokuhlala, izibhedlele, kunye nezinye izakhiwo kwiindawo zentlekele. Zikwasetyenziselwa ukushicilela amakhaya amancinane abo bangenamakhaya yaye zisenokude zisetyenziswe emajukujukwini ukuphepha ukusebenzisa abantu abasebenza kwindawo eyingozi.
• Impahla: Abashicileli be-3D banokuprinta amalaphu, okuthetha ukuba kufanelekile ngakumbi kunye noyilo, kunye nenkcitho encinci. Le niche iphuhlisa lonke ixesha njengoko amagcisa enza izinto ezintsha ezilungiselelwe ukuhamba komzimba kunye neefashoni.
• Izinto zokufunda kunye nezakhiwo: Iiprinta ze-3D zikwasetyenziselwa ukwakha imathiriyeli ye-3D yezikolo, njengemephu ye-topographical, iidinosaur okanye abalinganiswa, kunye nokunye.
• Ukutya: Abashicileli be-3D banokujongana neeseli, kunye nezazinzulu ngoku zizama ukuprinta inyama etyiwayo kunye nemifuno kwiilebhu zisebenzisa iiprinta ze-3D. Incinci impikiswano inokuba kukusetyenziswa kweeprinta ze-3D ukuprinta ipasta elungiselelweyo kunye nemifanekiso entsonkothileyo yetshokholethi.

➕ Phonononga uluhlu olubanzi lweeprinta ze-3D ezine-MOQ eziphantsi

Yintoni omawuyijonge xa ​​uthenga iiprinta ze3D zabaqalayo

Xa ugcina ezona zishicileli ze-3D zabaqalayo, into yokuqala omawuyazi kukuba "yintoni injongo yalo mshicileli we-3D?" Impendulo yalo mbuzo iya kunceda ukumisela amanqaku amaxabiso, ubungakanani, iimpawu, iimfuno zezinto eziphathekayo, kunye nokunye.

Umzekelo, usomashishini ojonge kushicilelo lwe-3D izinto ezinkulu ezithengiswayo uya kufuna umshicileli omkhulu we-3D onobuchule bomthamo omkhulu wokwakha, kunye nokufikelela kuluhlu olubanzi lwemathiriyeli yoshicilelo kunye nesoftware ehambelanayo. Umntu othanda ukuzonwabisa ojonge ukuprinta imifanekiso ye-3D okanye iimephu, okwangoku, unokonwaba ngomshicileli we-3D osebenziseka lula kunye neendleko ezisebenzayo kunye nezinto ezincinci zokuprinta kunye nokuhambelana nesoftware enexabiso eliphantsi.

Ngokungasentla engqondweni, eli nqaku liza kuxoxa ngeempawu ezingundoqo ekufuneka uzijonge xa ​​uthengela abashicileli be-3D abaqalayo abaqalayo - kubathanda izinto zokuzonwabisa kunye noosomashishini.

Ukusetyenziswa ngokulula kwiiprinta ze-3D zabaqalayo

Nawuphi na umshicileli we-3D onesiqalo esihle kufuneka ubeneempawu ezisebenzisekayo kunye nenkqubo yoshicilelo olula. Oku kuthetha umbhobho olungelelaniswa ngokulula kunye nepleyiti yokwakha ukufumana amanqanaba achanekileyo oshicilelo lwakho; iindlela ezilula zokulayisha kunye nokukhulula i-filament; kunye nokuhambelana neendidi ngeendidi zeekhompyuter kunye nesoftware ekulula ukuyisebenzisa, njengeTinkercad okanye iBlender. Khumbula ukujonga ukuba isoftware iyahambelana zombini umshicileli kunye nedesktop.

Kufuneka kwakhona ibe nomsebenzisi-friendly interface kunye nezinto ezilula ukucoceka ezifana nombhobho kunye ne-extruder. Ezinye zezona zishicileli ze-3D zabaqalayo zineempawu ezizenzekelayo, ezinjengomgangatho webhedi yoshicilelo oluzenzekelayo ukulungisa ubude bomlomo kunye nepleyiti yoshicilelo yoshicilelo oluchanekileyo oluphezulu lwezahlulo ezincinci okanye izinto ezinkulu. I-auto-filament feeders iya kuqinisekisa ukuba i-filament itsalwa ngokulula kwiprinta ye-3D yi-extruder, imisa naluphi na ukuphazamiseka ngexesha lokushicilela.

Ixabiso eliphantsi lokungena kwinqanaba labashicileli be3D

Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ixabiso lomshicileli we-3D kunye nesoftwe onokuyisebenzisa ukususela ekubeni umshicileli we-3D oyisiqalo kufuneka ufikeleleke. Kunokwenzeka ukuba xa uqalwa, abaqalayo bomshicileli we-3D bayakwenza iimpazamo okanye bade baphule umshicileli wabo, oku kuthetha ukuba ibango lamanqaku ahlukeneyo amaxabiso njengoko iihobbyists zisuka kwi-newbies ukuya kwi-connoisseurs ye-3D yoshicilelo. Abanye abona bashicileli be-3D basebenzisekayo banokubiza kancinci njengamakhulu ambalwa eedola okanye ukuya kutsho kumawaka amabini eedola, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani kunye nomgangatho wezishicilelo, kunye nezinto eziprintwayo.

Ukongeza, xa kuqwalaselwa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, abasebenzisi kufuneka bajongane neendleko zamandla; ihardware (iiPC) kunye nesoftware (uyilo) iindleko; iindleko ze-post-production kubandakanya ukucocwa komshicileli kunye nezixhobo zokugqiba imveliso; kunye neendleko zokugcina. Okokugqibela, amaxabiso ezinto abaluleke kakhulu ukuba aqwalaselwe ekubeni ezinye izinto zoshicilelo zibiza kakhulu kunezinye.

Imathiriyeli yoshicilelo yabashicileli be3D abaqalayo

Umntu osanda kufika kushicilelo lwe-3D uya kuqala ngezixhobo ezingabizi kakhulu, ezinzima ukubavumela ukuba baziqhelanise ngaphandle kokwenza umonakalo omkhulu okanye ukuchitha imali eninzi kakhulu. Ngesi sizathu, uninzi lwamaxabiso aphantsi kwaye angcono abashicileli be-3D kwabaqalayo bayakusebenza ngokungqongqo kwaye kulula ukuprinta thermoplastics njenge ABS, PETG, PLA, kunye nePolyamide (Nayiloni). Ezi mathiriyeli ziqinile kwaye zitshiphu, zibiza malunga ne-$20 i-spool, kwaye zinokukhutshelwa uninzi lwabashicileli abalungileyo be-3D.

Ngaphandle koku zezona zixhobo zilula nezifikelelekayo, abanye abasaqalayo banokuqala uhambo lwabo loshicilelo lwe-3D ngenjongo ethile, okuthetha ukuba bayakufuna imathiriyeli ethile. I-ASA yinto enkulu yokushicilela izinto zangaphandle ngenxa yokushisa kwayo okuphezulu kunye nokuchasana kwe-UV; i-ceramic inkulu kwizinto zobumba okanye ubugcisa; iintsimbi zinokuba ziinketho ezinkulu zokutshintsha iindawo; kunye ne-resin lukhetho olulungileyo lwezacholo okanye izinto ezifuna ukuxhathisa kwikhemikhali, njengezixhobo zonyango. Ezinye zezinto ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ngabasebenzisi abaphambili ngakumbi ziquka iPC kunye nezixhobo eziguquguqukayo njengoko kunzima kakhulu ukuprinta.

Iimpawu zokhuseleko

Nokuba ngezona zishicileli ze-3D zilula, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iimpawu zokhuseleko ukunqanda ukutshisa okanye ukutshisa. Iimpawu ezimbini ekufuneka uzijonge kukhuseleko kumgaqo weenqwelo-moya oshushu kunye nokhuselo lokufudumeza umlomo. Oku kuya kunceda ukunqanda ukushisa okugqithisileyo kweendawo zomshicileli kunye nomlilo onokwenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko imililo isenzeka ngamaxesha athile, bubulumko ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-3D yeprinta yecase yenziwe ngezinto ezikwaziyo ukunqanda amadangatye.

Olunye uphawu olunokuba luncedo kukufunxwa kwerhasi, kuba iikhemikhali kwizinto ezahlukeneyo eziprintwa ngabashicileli be-3D (ingakumbi iiplastiki) zikhupha iigesi ezinokuchaphazela impilo yexesha elide. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kukwabalulekile ukushicilela kwiindawo ezinomoya owaneleyo kunye nokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela.

Uluntu kunye nenkxaso

Xa abashicileli abatsha be-3D bethenga enye yezona printa zingcono ze-3D kwimarike, bahlala becinga ukuba iya kuba yeyona printa ye-3D ilula ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa abafundi bayakuhlala bedibana nezikhubekiso. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukunika abashicileli be3D ababonelela ngenkxaso yothungelwano elungileyo kunye noluntu.

Inkxaso kunye neengcebiso zinokufumaneka kumaqonga e-intanethi afana ne-Reddit kunye ne-Discord, kunye nakwiiwebhusayithi zomvelisi kunye namaziko abo okufowuna. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokwenzeka kuphela ukuba umshicileli we-3D ekuthethwa ngawo uyaziwa kwaye sele ithengisiwe amaxesha amaninzi. Okukhona abantu benomnini othile womshicileli we-3D, inkxaso engcono iyakuthi ibekhona, okuthetha ukuba aba bazakuba ngabaqalisi be-3D abasaqalayo. Oyena umshicileli we-3D unexabiso eliphantsi angahenda, kodwa iya kuba lilize ukuba umsebenzisi ubambekile kwaye akakwazi ukufumana inkxaso. Qwalasela isitokhwe sabashicileli abaxhaphakileyo abasebenziseka lula abasuka kubavelisi abaquka iBambu Lab, AnkerMake, kunye neElegoo Mars.

Kutheni uthengisa iiprinta ze-3D ngoku?

Enkosi ngokuncipha kweendleko kunye nokuphuculwa ngokulula kosetyenziso, iiprinta ze-3D zabaqalayo ziyenyuka ngokuthe chu ekuthandeni. Ngoku zithengwa ngabantu abazithandayo ekhaya, oosomashishini, kunye namashishini ajonge ukuxhamla ngokulula kunye nesantya seemveliso zoshicilelo, iiprototypes, okanye iimodeli. Kakhulu, eneneni, ikota yesithathu ka-2023 yabonisa ukuthengisa irekhodi kwiiprinta ze-3D. Idesktop ye-3D yomshicileli imakethi ngoku kulindeleke ukuba ikhule iye $ 21 billion yi 2030.

Ukusukela ekufikeni kwayo ngo-1981, ushicilelo lwe-3D alufikeleleki kwabaninzi, nokuba kungenxa yamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza, iindleko eziphezulu, okanye ubunzima bokusebenzisa. Namhlanje, njengoko amaxabiso ehla kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ushicilelo lwe-3D ekugqibeleni lufikelela kubantu abaninzi. Ngokuthengiswa kwezona ziprinta zibalaseleyo ze-3D zabaqalayo kuqikelelwe ukuba ziza kunyuka ngokuthe chu, ngoku lixesha lokubanika.