Iinyani ezikhawulezayo zeBrexit-

Emva kokuphela kwexesha lotshintsho, imiba engundoqo ejongene necandelo lezoLimo, amaHlathi nezokuLoba iquka utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwinkxaso-mali yokufama, iimpikiswano eziphathelele kwizabelo zokuloba kunye nokunciphisa ukufikelela kwiimarike zabasebenzi ze-EU. Emva kokuba befumene inxalenye enkulu yengeniso yabo ngaphambili ngoMgaqo-nkqubo wezoLimo oQhelekileyo we-EU, iinguqulelo zomgaqo-nkqubo otshayelayo zinokubanakho ukusongela ukusebenza kwamafama ase-UK.

I-UK kunye ne-EU bavumelene ngesivumelwano sokwabelana iintlanzingo-2022 phakathi kwengxabano eqhubekayo neFransi malunga nokufikelela kumanzi aseBritane. Ngo-2022, iinqanawa zase-UK ziya kuvunyelwa ukuba zibambe malunga neetoni ze-140,000 zentlanzi, ezantsi ukusuka kwi-160,000 yeetoni ngo-2021. Ngaphantsi kwe-EU-UK Tra#1de kunye neSivumelwano seNtsebenziswano (TCA), i-25% yamalungelo okuloba amaphenyane e-EU kumanzi ase-UK aya kudluliselwa kwiinqanawa zokuloba zase-UK phakathi kuka-2021 no-2026.
Ngokwengxelo evela kwiKomiti yePalamente ye-Akhawunti yoLuntu, urhulumente wase-UK akasekanga nayiphi na indlela yokulinganisa ukuba i-2.4 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zeentlawulo zefama zonyaka ngeskimu soLawulo loMhlaba lokusiNgqongileyo (ELM) ziyakubonelela ngexabiso lemali. Le ngxelo ikwaveze inkxalabo yokuba inkuthazo yokuguqula umhlaba weefama ube kwezinye izinto eziya kukhokelela ekuthembekeni okwandileyo ekuthengweni kokutya kwamanye amazwe.
Urhulumente wase-UK uqinisekisile ukuba uceba ukuhlawula amafama kunye nabanini-mhlaba ngokubuyisela i-biodiversity ukususela ngo-2023, nge-Local Nature Recovery scheme. Le nkuthazo iya kuba yinxalenye yoMthetho osaYilwayo wezoLimo wase-UK wasemva kweBrexit.
Njengenxalenye yesicwangciso sikaNkulumbuso uLiz Truss wokukhulisa ukukhula koqoqosho, abaphathiswa base-UK ngoku baphonononga izicwangciso zeentlawulo phantsi kweskimu se-ELM, kunye nokubuyela kwinkxaso-mali ye-EU enye yeendlela ezikhethiweyo eziqwalaselwayo.
Ukuze kulungiswe ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi kweli candelo, urhulumente wase-UK ubhengeze ukongezwa kwendlela ye-visa yaBasebenzi beXesha ukuya kuthi ga ekupheleni kuka-2024, evumela abasebenzi bamanye amazwe ukuba beze e-UK ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezintandathu ukuze bakhethe izilimo ezityiwayo nezihonjisiweyo.
I-NFU iphakamise inkxalabo ebalulekileyo malunga ne-UK-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (FTA), ebandakanya ukukhululwa ngokuthe ngcembe kokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe. inyama yegusha, yenkomo, ibhotolo, itshizi kwaye iiapile ezintsha evela eNew Zealand. Ngokutsho kwe-NFU, iindleko eziphantsi zemveliso eNew Zealand zinokubangela ukuba amafama ase-UK ancitshiswe ngokuthengwa kwamanye amazwe. Ngokuchaseneyo, iNew Zealand, imarike encinci, sele ixhamla kwiirhafu eziphantsi, inciphisa inzuzo ye-FTA kubathumeli ngaphandle kweNew Zealand. I-NFU ikwacele ukhuseleko lwamacandelo abuthathaka afana nenyama yenkomo kunye nenyama yehagu ngexesha lothethathethwano lwe-FTA entsha phakathi kwe-UK neCanada.
Ngokophando lwamalungu eBritish Berry Growers', inkunkuma yonyaka enokuthi ibalelwe kuphela kukunqongophala kofikelelo kubacholi inyuke ukusuka kwi-£ 18.7 yezigidi ngo-2020 ukuya kwi-£ 36.5 yezigidi ngo-2021. Olu lwando lunokubalelwa ngokuyinxenye kwinani eliqingqiweyo lee-visa zamaxesha onyaka kubasebenzi baphesheya, eziye zehla kwisithuba seminyaka engama-2021.
UDefra uzibophelele nge-12.5 yezigidi zeerandi kutyalo-mali kulimo oluthe nkqo njengenxalenye yezicwangciso zokuqhuba iziqhamo ezikhuliswe ekhaya kunye. imveliso yemifuno kwaye uqhube ukukhula kwe-horticulture yobugcisa obuphezulu.

Emva kokuphela kwexesha lotshintsho, imiba engundoqo elijongene nayo icandelo lezeMigodi likhonkco lokubonelela, utyalo-mali kunye nolawulo. Kukho omabini amathuba kunye nemiceli mngeni yecandelo evele ekuphumeni kwe-UK kwi-EU.

Isivumelwano sorhwebo se-EU-UK sinokuba luncedo kwicandelo lezeMigodi, njengoko kulindeleke ukuba kugcinwe amanani orhwebo aphezulu kwaye avumele iinkampani zemigodi ukuba zakhe izivumelwano zokubonelela ngeenkampani zaphesheya kweelwandle. Nangona kunjalo, izithintelo ezingezizo iirhafu, ezifana nokuhlolwa kwempahla kunye namaphepha amatsha, ziye zanda iindleko zokubonelela ngabaqhubi bemigodi, kunye neendleko zokuthumela ngaphandle kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle. izixhobo zengcali, iindawo zezithuthi kunye neemveliso zemigodi ziyanda. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphuma kwe-UK kwi-EU kuvula ithuba lezivumelwano ezintsha zorhwebo ezinokonyusa urhwebo lwezinto ezikrwada kwaye zomeleze ikhonkco lokubonelela.
Icandelo lezemigodi kulindeleke ukuba lixhamle ekwandisweni kotyalo-mali lwangaphakathi njengoko urhulumente wase-UK egxile kakhulu ekwandiseni imveliso yangaphakathi kunye nokunciphisa ukuthembela kwimpahla yangaphandle, kuquka nezimbiwa. Ukongeza, kukho iingxelo zokuba icandelo lezemigodi lingaba ngundoqo ekunyuseni umoya ovuselelekayo kwixesha elifutshane. Ngokomzekelo, iBritish Lithium ikhutshwe ibhetri-grade lithium i-carbonated evela kwigranite yombiwa kwindawo yokulinga isityalo eCornwall. Oku kunokunceda ukwakha isixokelelwano sobonelelo sasekhaya esithembekileyo kwiibhetri zezithuthi zombane endaweni yokuxhomekeka ngokupheleleyo kwizinto ezithengwayo ngaphandle. Kananjalo, urhulumente unokuvumela kwaye atyale imali kuphononongo olongezelelweyo kunye nemigodi emitsha, ukunceda icandelo. Ngomhla wama-22 kweyeKhala yowama-2022, iSebe lezoShishino, aMandla kunye neQhinga lezoShishino likhuphe iphepha lomgaqo-nkqubo elinomxholo othi, 'Ukomelela kwiKamva: Iqhinga lase-UK lezezimbiwa ezibalulekileyo'. Ithi i-UK kufuneka yenze i-chain chain chain chain 'ixhamle ngakumbi kwaye ihluke ngakumbi ukuxhasa amashishini aseBritani kwixesha elizayo, ukuhambisa kwinguqu yethu yamandla kunye nokukhusela ukhuseleko lwethu lwelizwe.'
Urhulumente wase-UK uvumile ukuvumela ngaphezulu amaqula e-oyile negesiizakugrunjwa kuLwandle lwaseMantla, kunye neshishini le-oyile yoLwandle lwaseMntla kunye negesi ejolise ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kunye nokutshintsha kude kumafutha efosili. Utyalo-mali oludibeneyo luya kufikelela kwi-£ 16 yezigidigidi, ukuxhasa imisebenzi engama-40,000.
Ngaphandle kobunzima bokurhweba ukususela ekupheleni kwexesha lenguqu ye-EU-UK, ukuthunyelwa kwe-oyile kunye negesi yase-UK ukusuka e-UK ukuya kwi-EU kuye kwaphakama kwiinyanga zakutshanje, ngokukodwa umthamo wegesi yendalo, phakathi kwemfazwe yaseRashiya e-Ukraine kunye nenjongo ye-EU yokwahlula amandla ombane kude neRashiya. NgoJulayi ka-2022, ukuthunyelwa kwepetroli e-UK kubalelwa kwi-800 yezigidi zeedola zelizwe ezixabisa i-£ 1.3 yeebhiliyoni zeempahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwi-EU. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-fuel kwi-bloc ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabini xa kuthelekiswa noJulayi 2021. Ngelo xesha, ukuthunyelwa kwegesi kwi-EU kwafikelela kwi-£ 900 yezigidi ngoJulayi 2022, phantse kathathu kunonyaka odlulileyo. Olu rhwebo lwamafutha luye lwadlala indima ephambili ekuxhaseni ukuthunyelwa kwe-UK kwi-bloc.
Ngoku ukuba i-UK iyishiyile i-EU, urhulumente unenkululeko yokulungisa umthetho wendalo esingqongileyo, onokuthi ube neziphumo ezilungileyo nezimbi kwicandelo ukuya phambili. Nangona kunjalo, nge-net-zero ekujoliswe kuyo, umgodi wamalahle kusenokwenzeka ukuba iqhubeleke nokuhla kwayo kwiminyaka ezayo.

Ukulandela ukuphela kwexesha lenguqu, imiba ephambili ejongene necandelo leMveliso ziindleko ezinxulumene nokuhlangana nomthetho omtsha, ukuphazamiseka kwintengiso ye-EU-UK kunye nokunciphisa ukufikelela kwabasebenzi. Abathengisi bangaphandle baye babuyela ekuhlahleni okubukhali kokuqala kwimithamo yorhwebo ngokukhawuleza emva kokuphela kwexesha lenguqu; nangona kunjalo, iziphumo ezithe ngqo nezingathanga ngqo zokwanda kwemiqobo yolawulo kurhwebelwano kunye nokucuthwa kokufikeleleka kwabasebenzi kuzisa umngeni oqhubekayo kubavelisi.

Uphando olwenziwe ngoJanuwari 2022 yi-UK kwi-Tshintsho yaseYurophu yagqiba ukuba ukuphela kwexesha lotshintsho kuzise iimpembelelo ezimbi kwimveliso yase-UK. Oku kwabalelwa ekubeni i-TCA ingathathi ndawo ngokupheleleyo urhwebo olungenamvisiswano kunye nomanyano lwemarike olwalukho ngaphambili.
Kwi-Ofisi yeeNkcukacha zoShishino zeSizwe (i-ONS) kunye neMpembelelo kwisaveyi yezoQoqosho lwase-UK, i-48.2% yeefemu eziveliswayo zathi zenze iindleko ezongezelelweyo phakathi kwe-20 Septemba kunye ne-2 Oktobha 2022 njengesiphumo sokuphela kwexesha lenguqu ye-EU-UK. Oku kungaphezulu kakhulu kwenani loqoqosho ngokubanzi, uninzi lokunyuka kweendleko kubalelwa iindleko ezongezelelweyo zothutho kunye neendleko ezongezelelweyo kumaxabiso eempahla kunye neenkonzo ezithengwe kumazwe angaphandle.
Ngokutsho kwe-Make UK, i-42% yabavelisi bandise umlinganiselo wabathengisi abase-Great Britain kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo.
Ngokutsho kwe-ONS, ixabiso leempahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwi-EU laliphantsi kwe-11.8% kwi-2021 kunexesha le-2018. Ngokwahlukileyo, ixabiso lempahla ethunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle kwe-EU lehlile nge-5.6% kuphela xa kuthelekiswa no-2018. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-EU kurekhodiwe ukuhla okubukhali kwi-Q1 2021 kwaye, nangona irekhodisha i-avareji ye-avareji ye-avareji ye-avareji ye-lapandemi 2021. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso lokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-EU libuyiselwe ngaphezulu kwamanqanaba e-2018 ngoDisemba 2021.
Urhulumente wase-UK wandise ixesha elibekiweyo lokuba iinkampani zase-Great Britain zibonise uphawu lwe-UKCA kwiimveliso ezintsha kunye nezikhoyo ukusuka kwi-1 kaJanuwari 2022 ukuya kwi-1 kaJanuwari 2023. Umthetho omtsha uquka zonke iimveliso eziye zathwala uphawu lwe-CE ye-EU. Urhulumente uphinde wazisa i-easements kwi-certification, ekuphenduleni inkxalabo ebanzi malunga noxinzelelo lweendleko ezibangelwa yinguqu kulawulo olutsha. Olu tshintsho lubandakanya ukuqaphela iimvavanyo ze-EU kwiimveliso ezikhoyo kunye nokulahla imfuno yamacandelo angaphandle ukuba aphathe uphawu lwe-UKCA ngaphambi kokuba lufakwe.
Ngokutsho kwe-Make UK, imimandla exhasa i-Brexit iya ixhomekeke ngakumbi kwi-EU kwimveliso yabo yokuthengisa ngaphandle. Lilonke, i-49% ye-Bhritane ethunyelwa ngaphandle yayimiselwe ibloc yorhwebo ngo-2021.
Ngokwengxelo epapashwe yiKomiti ye-Akhawunti yoLuntu, i-Competition and Markets Authority, i-Arhente yeMigangatho yokutya kunye neSigqeba sezeMpilo kunye noKhuseleko ziye zachaphazeleka ngokukodwa yi-Brexit. Imingeni ivele ikakhulu kubunzima bokufumana abasebenzi, ukunqongophala kobuchule kunye nokukhutshelwa ngaphandle kuthungelwano lokwabelana ngolwazi lwe-EU.
Isabelo sabavelisi baseNyakatho ye-Ireland abalwa ne-Northern Ireland Protocol, elawula urhwebo kummandla, yehla ukusuka kwi-41.3% ngoJulayi 2021 ukuya kwi-23.9% ngoJanuwari 2022, ngokutsho kophando olwenziwe yi-Manufacturing NI. Oku kulindeleke ukuba kuququzelele ukunyuswa kwemithamo yorhwebo phakathi kwe-Ireland kunye ne-Northern Ireland, kunye ne-Ofisi ye-Central Statistics (CSO) iphawula ukunyuka kwe-23% kwixabiso lokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-Ireland ukusuka kuMntla we-Ireland kunye nokunyuka kwe-42% kwixabiso lempahla evela e-Ireland ukuya eNyakatho ye-Ireland.

Emva kokuphela kwexesha lenguqu, i-UK iye yashiya i-EU yangaphakathi yemarike yamandla. Ngelixa i-EU-UK TCA ibonelela ngesakhelo esifana ngokubanzi kwi-EU kunye neemarike zamandla zase-UK, icandelo lamandla lijongene nokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle korhwebo ngokusebenzisa ii-interconnectors, ukubeka uxinzelelo oluphezulu kumaxabiso ombane.

I-TCA iqinisekisa urhwebo oluqhubekayo olungahlawulelwayo lombane ngokusebenzisa i-interconnectors kwaye ngokubanzi ilandela imigaqo efanayo echazwe kwimithetho ekhoyo ye-EU, njengokubonelela ngokukhululeka kwiimfuno zokufikelela komntu wesithathu kunye nokungaxutywa. Nangona kunjalo, iGreat Britain iphulukene nokufikelela kwimini engaphambili kunye namalungiselelo okudityaniswa kweemarike ze-intraday kwii-GB zonxibelelwano lombane.
Ukudityaniswa kweemarike zamandla e-UK kunye ne-EU kube nefuthe elibalulekileyo elingathanga ngqo Imarike yamandla eIreland. IMarike yoMbane eNye yase-Ireland (SEM) irhweba ngamandla kunye neYurophu ngokusebenzisa imidibaniso emibini ehamba ngeGreat Britain; ezi zibonelela phakathi kwe-15% kunye ne-30% yemfuno eqhelekileyo kwi-SEM. Ke ngoko, ukuhamba komdibaniso okungasebenzi kakuhle phakathi kwe-EU kunye ne-UK kukhuthaze ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okuguquguquka ekuqaleni kuka-2021, nangona oku kulindeleke ukuba kube lula njengoko abaqhubi baye baqhelana namalungiselelo amatsha orhwebo.
I-UK iseza kuqinisekisa isivumelwano kunye neKhomishini yaseYurophu malunga nemithetho emitsha yorhwebo, nangona ngaphambili ivume njengenxalenye ye-TCA ukuba isakhelo sokurhweba ngombane kwixesha elizayo siza kuqala ukusebenza kulo nyaka.
Inkulumbuso yase-UK u-Liz Truss uye wagweba ngaphandle kokwandisa irhafu ye-windfall kwinzuzo egqithisileyo yeefemu kwicandelo lamandla, ngokuchasene nesigqibo se-EU sokumisela irhafu yomoya kwiinkampani ezithile zamandla kunye neefosili. Oku kuqaqambisa ukwahluka kwe-UK kumgaqo-nkqubo we-EU.
Kwintlanganiso phakathi kweenkokheli ze-44 zaseYurophu, iNkulumbuso yaseCzech uPetr Fiala uqinisekisile izicwangciso zokuvuselela ukuthatha inxaxheba kwe-UK kwi-North Seas Energy Cooperation, apho i-UK yashiya ngaphambili emva kokuphela kwexesha le-EU-UK. Oku kuya kunceda ukuqinisa intsebenziswano yamandla aseYurophu, ngesikimu esixhasa ulwakhiwo lweefama zomoya kunye nezinxibelelanisi.
Ngokutsho kwe-CSO, ukuthunyelwa kwamandla avela eNyakatho ye-Ireland ukuya e-Ireland kuphelele kwi-€ 218 phakathi kukaJanuwari noMeyi 2022. Oku kwakungaphezu kokuphindwe kabini ixabiso elibhalwe ngexesha elifanayo kwi-2021, lincediswa ukukhula kwamaxabiso amandla kunye ne-Northern Ireland protocol.
Emva kokurhoxa kwi-European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), iBritane yatyikitya iSivumelwano seNuclear Cooperation (NCA) enamaphepha angama-21 kunye ne-Euratom ngomhla woku-1 kuJanuwari 2021. I-NCA ilandelela ngokusondeleyo isivumelwano se-Euratom, iqinisekisa ukubonelela okuqhubekayo izixhobo zenyukliya kunye nezixhobo eziya e-UK. I-UK ikwabeke izivumelwano ezintsha zentsebenziswano phakathi kwamazwe amabini kunye neCanada, i-US kunye ne-Australia.
Ngaphandle kokuba nenkululeko yokumisela iirhafu zakhe ze-VAT emva kokuphela kwexesha lotshintsho, urhulumente wase-UK ukurhoxisile ukukhupha i-VAT ekhaya. gesi kwaye amatyala ombane phakathi kokunyuka kweendleko zamandla.

Emva kokuphela kwexesha lotshintsho, imiba ephambili yecandelo loKwakha inxulumene nokufikelela kubasebenzi, ukubonelela ngemathiriyeli ekrwada kunye nokufikelela kwinkxaso-mali. Iikontraka zithe gqolo ukuqaphela ukungavisisani okuvela ekupheleni kwexesha lotshintsho njengobunzima bokukhula kweli candelo.

Ngokutsho kwe-ONS, inani labasebenzi bokwakha abazalwe e-EU lehla nge-42% phakathi kwe-2017 kunye ne-2020, xa kuthelekiswa nokwehla kwe-4% kwabasebenzi abazalelwe e-UK ngexesha elifanayo. Ukuqiniswa kwemithetho yokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe ukususela ngomhla woku-1 kuJanuwari ka-2021 kunofikelelo olulinganiselweyo kwiimarike zabasebenzi be-EU, nto leyo eyenza kube mandundu oku kunqongophala kwabasebenzi. Ngenxa yoko, ukukhula kwemivuzo kwicandelo lolwakhiwo kuye kwalugqithisa uqoqosho olubanzi ngo-2021, nangona oku kuphazanyiswe ngandlel’ ithile linani elikhulu labasebenzi bokwakha abangasebenziyo ngo-2020.
Ngokutsho kwe-ONS Business Insights kunye ne-Impact kwi-survey ye-Economy yase-UK, i-30.8% yeefemu ezihlolwe kwicandelo lokwakha zathi zijongene neendleko ezongezelelweyo phakathi kwe-20 Septemba kunye ne-2 Oktobha 2022 xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kunyaka odlulileyo, ngenxa yokuphela kwexesha le-EU-UK. Iindleko ezinxulumene nokutshintsha kwekhonkco lokubonelela kunye nokuthutha yayizezona zizathu ziphambili zoku.
Emva kokulahlekelwa yinkxaso-mali evela kwi-EU Infrastructure Bank, i-UK iqalise iBhanki entsha ye-Infrastructure Bank yase-UK (UKIB) ngomhla we-17 Juni 2021. I-UKIB iya kubonelela nge-£ 22 yeebhiliyoni zenkxaso-mali yeeprojekthi zeziseko zophuhliso ngokusebenzisa i-capital fund yokuqala ye-£ 12 yebhiliyoni kunye ne-£ 10 yeebhiliyoni zokuqinisekisa urhulumente.
Malunga nama-60% ezinto ezisetyenziswa kumazwe angaphandle ezisetyenziswa kwicandelo lokwakha e-UK zingeniswa zisuka kwi-EU. Ngoko ke, i-red tape eyongezelelweyo iphunyezwe kwi Amazibuko ase-UK uye wandisa amaxesha okukhokela kwicandelo. Umzekelo, ngoMeyi ka-2021, i-Timber Trade Federation yachaza ukuba iingxaki ezinxulumene ne-Brexit zicudise isitokhwe samaplanga sase-UK.
Ukuze unciphise ukunqongophala kwezinto ezijongene necandelo lokwakha, urhulumente wase-UK wandisa umhla wokugqibela wokubuyisela iimpawu ze-EU ze-CE, ezisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa iimveliso zokwakha, kunye nokumakishwa kwe-UKCA entsha ukususela ngoJanuwari 2022 ukuya kuJanuwari 2023. Noko ke, uMbutho weeMveliso zoKwakha uye waphawula ukungabikho komgangatho wokuvavanya ukuhlangabezana nalo mhla wokugqibela, kunye ne-Constructioning Leadership Council kwi-radiatority enokuthi ibambe i-radiator. ukwakhiwa kwamakhaya angaphezu kwe-150,000 kunyaka omnye. Ekuphenduleni ezi nkxalabo, urhulumente uye wanciphisa iimfuno ze-bureaucratic ezinxulumene nokuqaliswa kophawu lokhuseleko kunye nomgangatho wokuqinisekisa umgangatho, kunye neenguqu ezibandakanya ukuqatshelwa kweemvavanyo ze-EU kwiimveliso ezikhoyo ngesiseko sokunikezelwa uphawu lwe-UKCA. Nangona kunjalo, urhulumente uhlala ezibophelele kumhla wokugqibela wokwamkela ukumakishwa kwe-UKCA ngomhla woku-1 kuJanuwari ka-2023.

Emva kokuphela kwexesha lotshintsho, imiba engundoqo ejongene necandelo lezoRhwebo kukunqongophala kwabasebenzi kunye nezithintelo ezingahlawulisiyo. Ngokufana namanye amacandelo kuqoqosho, abaqhubi beevenkile baye baxela ukunqongophala okukhulu kwabasebenzi okuye kwaphazamisa ukusebenza kunye nokubonelela. Ukongeza, i-red tape xa urhwebo kunye ne-EU idale ukungqubana kwezorhwebo kunye nokunyusa iindleko kubathengisi, okonzakalisa ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kunye nokungenisa elizweni.

Owona mceli mngeni mkhulu abajongene nawo kukungabikho kwabasebenzi, apho abaqhubi banika ingxelo yokunqongophala kwabasebenzi kwiindima zokusebenza kwiidepho. Ngaphezu koko, ukunqongophala kwabaqhubi belori, evela kumda womda olandela i-Brexit kwaye ngenxa yokuba abaninzi abaqhubi bangaphambili babuyele kumazwe abo, baye bachaphazela kakhulu abathengisi kunye iinkampani zolungiselelo. I-Financial Times inike ingxelo yokuba ukuphela kwexesha lenguqu ye-EU kunye neziphumo zobhubhani we-COVID-19 zishiye i-UK imfutshane kubathuthi abaqikelelwa kwi-100,000 ukuba baphathe iimpahla. zokugcina kunye nabathengisi.
Isiphithiphithi setrafikhi kumazibuko aphambili aseBritani yenze urhwebo kunye nebloc lutya ixesha elininzi, aluthembekanga kwaye lubiza kakhulu, lonakalisa isidima sase-UK. Oku kwenze abaqhubi be-EU babe mathidala ukuthatha umsebenzi e-UK ukuze baphephe ukuxinana kweemoto ezinde.
Ngokophando olusuka kwiChartered Institute of Procurement and Supply epapashwe ngo-Agasti ka-2022, i-40% yemibutho yase-UK itshintshe ubuncinci umnikezeli wezizwe ngezizwe komnye ongomnye wasekhaya kulo nyaka uphelileyo. Kwezo, i-70% ichaze ababoneleli basekhaya njengabathembeke ngakumbi kwaye i-59% ichaza amaxesha amafutshane okukhokela njengesizathu sokutshintsha. I-36% yeengcali zokubonelela nge-UK zivakalisa umnqweno wokutshintshela kubathengisi abaninzi base-UK kwixesha elizayo, eliyinxalenye ye-Brexit.
Urhwebo lwehlabathi luphinde lwaqina ngamandla ukusuka kwimingeni evezwe ngubhubhani we-COVID-19. Nangona kunjalo, iimpahla zase-UK ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-EU zawa nge-15.6% ukuya kwi-£ 12.4 yezigidigidi kwisiqingatha sokuqala se-2022, ebonisa ukungqubuzana kwezorhwebo okubangelwa yiBrexit. Ngaphezu koko, idatha evela kwi-ONS ithi i-akhawunti yase-UK yangoku i-akhawunti ye-akhawunti kwikota yesibini ye-2022 iye yawela kwinqanaba elibi kakhulu kwirekhodi, i-akhawunti ye-8.3% ye-GDP, isuka kwi-2.6% ngo-2021. Oku kuye kwabizwa ngokuba yintsebenzo ebuthathaka yokuthunyelwa kwe-UK kunye nokunyuka kokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, okugxininisa imiphumo ye-Brexit edlala indima kwi-macroe yangoku.
URamsden International, umthengisi ohamba phambili wase-UK othengisa ngaphandle kwemveliso yegrosari yaseBritane, uxele ilahleko yokuqala kwimbali yayo ngenxa yokuthengisa okuthathelwe ingqalelo kwimithetho emitsha yeBrexit.
Urhulumente wase-UK unyanzelise okunye ukulibaziseka kokujonga umda kwizinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-EU, kude kube sekupheleni kuka-2023, ukunqanda ukuba mandundu kwemicimbi yokubonelela. Eli ibilixesha lesine ukwaziswa kweetshekhi ezipheleleyo kutyhalelwa umva. Owayesakuba ngumphathiswa weBrexit uJacob Rees-Mogg uthe oku kuya konga i-1 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngonyaka, nangona amanye amashishini, kubandakanya. iiVets, amafama kunye nabasebenzi bezibuko, baligxekile eli nyathelo.

Ukulandela ukuphela kwexesha lenguqu, imiba ephambili ejongene necandelo lezoRhwebo kukuphazamiseka kurhwebo kunye nolawulo olongezelelweyo lwecustom kunye nokuhlolwa kwemida kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ukuze zithengiswe kwakhona. Nangona kunjalo, isiphumo sokuphela kwexesha lotshintsho kunzima ukusisusa kweso se-COVID-19.

Ukulandela ukuhoxiswa kwe-UK kwi-EU, isaphulelo se-VAT kwimpahla enqabileyo, eyavumela abathengi bamazwe angaphandle ukuba babuyisele i-VAT ye-20% kwizinto ezithengwayo ezenziwe e-UK, yasuswa nge-1 kaJanuwari 2022. NgokweZiko lezoQoqosho kunye noPhando lwezoShishino, ukususwa kwesaphulelo se-VAT kuye kwabona ukwehla okukhulu kwiindwendwe zamazwe ngamazwe ukuya kumazwe ngamazwe. Iimpawu zodidi lwase-UK phantse i-7.3%, ekhokelela kwilahleko ye-£ 1.8 yebhiliyoni.
Ngokophando lwango-2021 oluqhutywe yi-UK Fashion and Textile Association, i-98% yamashishini efashoni e-UK afumene iindleko eziphezulu ngokusebenzisa i-bureaucracy kunye namaphepha, i-92% yafumana iindleko ezongeziweyo zokuthutha, i-83% inyuse iindleko zabathengi, i-53% irhoxisiwe ii-odolo ezivela kubathengi be-EU kunye ne-44% ukunyuka kwezinto ezibuyisiweyo okanye ezikhatywayo ngenxa yeendleko zempahla kunye nomcimbi we-VAT. Ngokubanzi, ngokutsho kophando oluvela kwiBritish Chamber of Commerce, i-8% kuphela yeefemu zavuma ukuba i-EU-UK TCA iye yenza ukuba ishishini labo likhule okanye linyuse ukuthengisa, ngelixa i-54% ingavumelani. Uvavanyo lukwaqaqambise umthwalo wehla kubasebenzi abancinci abaqeshe abantu abangaphantsi kwama-250.
Abathengisi baphinda bavavanya amakhonkco obonelelo kunye nezivumelwano zokufumana izixhobo kunye nezivumelwano zokusasaza kunye nolungiselelo. I-25% yabaphenduli bophando kwiSaveyi yeCandelo leMfashini ye-RetailX baphinde baqwalasela imisebenzi yokufuduka kwenye indawo kwi-EU ukuze balungelelanise kwaye behlise i-logistics, abasebenzi kunye neendleko zokuvelisa. I-39% iya kufudukela kwi-EU ukuba inikwe inzuzo yerhafu. I-91% ifuna iskim se-visa ukwenza kube lula ukuba abaqulunqi basebenze kulo lonke elase-UK nakwi-EU.
Iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo zabathengi kunye nokulibaziseka kokuhanjiswa kuyabatyhafisa abathengi abavela kwamanye amazwe e-EU ekuthengeni ukuya phambili Iisayithi ze-e-commerce zase-UK. Kuphando olwenziwe egameni leKhomishini yoKhuphiswano lwase-Ireland kunye noKhuseleko lwaBathengi, i-44% yabaphenduli base-Ireland bachaze ukuba bathenga kancinci kwiindawo zaseBritane emva kokuphuma kwe-UK kwi-EU, kunye ne-16% eyekile ukuthenga kuzo ngokupheleleyo. Uninzi lukhankanye iingxaki eziye zahlangabezana nazo xa kuthengwa izinto, ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha sezi zinto zifumene isisombululo.
Nge-1 kaJanuwari 2022, ulawulo olutsha lwemida kwimveliso yezilwanyana kunye nezityalo ezivela kwi-EU lwaqala ukusebenza. Bonke abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle kufuneka benze isibhengezo esipheleleyo samasiko kwiimpahla ezingena e-UK ezivela kwi-EU okanye kwamanye amazwe. Imibutho yemizi-mveliso, efana neBritish Frozen Food Federation, ilumkise ukuba ulawulo olutsha lomda lunokubangela ukulibaziseka kunye nokuphazamiseka okukhulu kumakhonkco okubonelela ngokutya. Abarhwebi abasayi kuphinda babe nako ukulibazisa ukugqiba izibhengezo ezipheleleyo zokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe ukuya kuthi ga kwiintsuku ze-175, umlinganiselo owaziswa ukuhlangabezana nokuphazamiseka kokuqala emva kokuphela kwexesha lenguqu.

Ukulandela ukuphela kwexesha lenguqu, imiba ephambili ejongene necandelo lezoThutho kunye noGcino-iquka ukuguqulwa kwemithetho yendiza, ukuphazamiseka kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokunciphisa ukufikelela kwiimarike zabasebenzi ze-EU. I-EU-UK TCA iqinisekisa ukuphazamiseka okuncinci kwiinqwelomoya zase-UK, nangona imithetho emitsha yokufuduka iye yandisa ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi kwicandelo lezothutho.

Iinqwelomoya zase-UK awusawonwabeli amalungelo othutho ngaphakathi kwe-EU kwaye Iinqwelomoya ze-EU awusawonwabeli amalungelo etrafikhi asekhaya e-UK. Oku kuthetha ukuba iinqwelomoya zase-UK azisavumelekanga ukuba zibonelele ngeenqwelomoya ze-intra-EU, ngelixa abasebenzi be-EU bengakwazi ukubonelela ngeenqwelo moya zase-UK zasekhaya. Impembelelo yoku incinci ngokufanelekileyo, njengoko iinkampani zeenqwelomoya ebezithatha la malungelo ngaphambili ziye zaseka iinkampani ezincedisayo zokuwagcina.
Chartered kwaye iinqwelomoya zothutho bachatshazelwe yired tape entsha enxulumene neenqwelomoya ezingacwangciswanga emva kokuphela kwexesha lotshintsho. Abathwali abaqhuba iinqwelomoya ezingacwangciswanga ngoku kufuneka bafake isicelo semvume kumazwe angamalungu e-EU xa befuna ukubhabha apho. Le nkqubo ihlala ithatha iintsuku, ibangela ukuba iinqwelomoya ezincinci ezincinci ziphulukane nesixa esibalulekileyo seshishini.
Imithwalo eyongezelelweyo yolawulo ehambelana norhwebo lwempahla phakathi kwe-UK kunye ne-EU ibe negalelo elikhulu ukuphazamiseka kumazibuko ukusukela ekupheleni kwexesha lotshintsho. Kutshanje, ukungeniswa kwezibhengezo ezintsonkothileyo zamasiko kunye neefom zemvelaphi ukusukela nge-1 kaJanuwari ka-2022 kube negalelo ekulibazisekeni okukhulu kubaqhubi belori abathwele iimpahla ezisuka kwi-EU.
Utshintsho kwimithetho yenkululeko yokushukuma emva kokuphela kwexesha lotshintsho kwenze mandundu ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi Ushishino lwezoThutho eziNdleleni. Ngokutsho kweFreightlink, ubuncinci i-15,000 yabaqhubi baseYurophu bayishiyile i-UK ngenxa yokuphuma kwe-UK kwi-EU.
Ngokutsho kwe-ONS Business Insights kunye ne-Impact kuphando loQoqosho lwase-UK, i-26% yeefemu eziphononongwe kwicandelo lezoThutho kunye noGcino zithe zijongene neendleko ezonyukayo phakathi kwe-20 Septemba kunye ne-2 Oktobha 2022 xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kunyaka odlulileyo ngenxa yokuphela kwexesha le-EU-UK. Iindleko ezongezelelekileyo kumaxabiso eempahla kunye neenkonzo ezithengwe kumazwe angaphandle kunye neendleko ezongezelelweyo zothutho ibingoyena nobangela wokunyuka.
Iimvavanyo zimiselwe ukuba zenzeke ngo-Oktobha 2022 kwiNkqubo yokuNgena/yokuPhuma ye-EU (EES). Inkqubo entsha, eya kuqaliswa ngoMeyi 2023, iya kuqokelela idatha ye-biometric ngendlela yeminwe kunye nemifanekiso yobuso ethathwe kubahambi abangewona i-EU rhoqo xa bewela umda wangaphandle we-EU. Kukho uloyiko phakathi kweenkokeli zeshishini lokuba inkqubo entsha inokubangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwimida yase-UK.
Ngokutsho kwe-ONS, ixabiso leempahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwi-EU laliphantsi kwe-1111.8% kwi-2021 kunexesha le-2018. Ngokwahlukileyo, ixabiso leempahla ezithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle kwe-EU liye lancipha nge-5.6% kuphela xa kuthelekiswa ne-2018. Ukuthengwa kwempahla evela kumazwe e-EU kwehle nge-16.8% phakathi kwe-2018 kunye ne-2021, xa kuthelekiswa ne-non-EU kumazwe angaphandle kwe-12.5.
Icandelo lezomoya libonise ukukhula kweenqwelomoya zase-UK ukuqesha iinqwelomoya zaseYurophu, ivumela iinqwelomoya ukuba zidlule imfuneko yabasebenzi benqwelomoya ukuba babambe i-visa yaseBritani kwaye banqande ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi okunxulumene neBrexit.

Emva kokuphela kwexesha lotshintsho, imiba engundoqo ejongene necandelo lezokuHlala kunye neeNkonzo zoKutya kukunqongophala kwabasebenzi kunye namaxabiso aphezulu egalelo. Eli candelo libe lelinye, ukuba alichatshazelwa kakhulu kukunqongophala kwabasebenzi ukusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2021, xa inkqubo yokufuduka esekelwe kumanqaku yaqala ukusebenza. Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa yamagalelo ecandelo amaninzi athengwe kumazwe angaphandle, ukungqubana kwezorhwebo kunye nered tape ukususela ekupheleni kwexesha lotshintsho ziye zanyusa iindleko kwaye zalinganisa ukusebenza kwecandelo.

Owona mcimbi mkhulu ujongene namashishini kweli candelo kukunqongophala okukhulu kwabasebenzi ukusukela nge-1 kaJanuwari ka-2021, ubukhulu becala ngenxa yeBrexit kodwa ukwandiswa ngubhubhani we-COVID-19. Amawakawaka abasebenzi abuyele kumazwe abo okanye athathe eminye imisebenzi ngo-2021. Iipabhu, imivalo, ikofu, zokutyela kwaye iihotele bonke bachatshazelwe kakhulu kukunqongophala kwabasebenzi, ngelixa izithuba zemisebenzi ziye zanda. NgoJulayi ka-2022, i-ONS yafumanisa ukuba i-54% yamashishini kwicandelo axele ukuba anengxaki yokunqongophala kwabasebenzi.
Ngokwedatha evela ku-recruiter Caterer.com esekwe kuphando olwenziwe ngoJulayi ka-2022, inani labemi be-EU abasebenza kwindawo yokwamkela iindwendwe lehle malunga ne-41% ukuya kwi-172,000 yabemi be-EU, xa kuthelekiswa nenqanaba langaphambi kobhubhane kubemi abangama-293,000 be-EU. Abaqhubi abasemva koku ibe ziimpembelelo zokuphuma kwe-UK kwi-EU kunye nobhubhani we-COVID-19. Ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi kunempembelelo kwimveliso yeshishini. Kuphando olukhankanywe ngasentla, i-43% yamashishini athi kufuneka anciphise imisebenzi ngenxa yokunqongophala kwabasebenzi, ngelixa malunga ne-25% yamashishini anike ingxelo yezicelo ezingaphezulu ezivela kubaviwa baseBritane.
Ingxelo ekhokelwa ngabaphengululi abavela kwiYunivesithi yaseOxford yafumanisa ukuba kukho ukuhla okukhulu kwenani labasebenzi be-EU kwicandelo lokungenisa izihambi, kunye nokunqongophala okwandiswa yiBrexit. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuba abaqeshi banyuse imivuzo ukuze batsale abasebenzi, baye banciphisa imveliso. Kuphando lwamashishini angama-207 ngumbutho wezorhwebo weBritish Institute of Innkeeping ukusuka ngoJulayi 2022, i-15% yabaqhubi be-pub abazimeleyo bathi ishishini labo alisakwazi ukusebenza, beqikelela ukuba kuya kufuneka bavale ngokusisigxina, ngelixa phantse i-50% yathi kuye kwafuneka banciphise iiyure zokurhweba ngenxa yokunqongophala kwabasebenzi, njengoko ingxelo yeFinancial Times. Ukongeza, ama-75% ee-pubs ezizimeleyo anezithuba ezivulekileyo kwaye malunga ne-25% kuye kwafuneka ukuba bavale iingcango zabo usuku olunye okanye ngaphezulu kokurhweba ngenxa yokunqongophala kwabasebenzi.
Zingaphezulu kwama-65 iinkokeli zokwamkela iindwendwe zibongoze urhulumente ukuba enze lula imithetho ye-visa kubasebenzi ukuze basindise icandelo phantsi kwemithetho emitsha yeBrexit. Ngokwezi nkokeli zokubuka iindwendwe, iindima ezinje ngabapheki, iibartenders kunye ne-sommeliers kufuneka zongezwe kuluhlu lwemisebenzi enqongopheleyo. Urhulumente ngaphambili wathi eli shishini kufuneka liqeqeshe abasebenzi baseBritane endaweni yoko, nangona amashishini ephendule ukuba akukho msebenzi waneleyo wokuzalisa iindima ezingenamntu, kunye nokunqongophala kwabasebenzi kwamanye amacandelo.
I-UKHospitality ithe kwixesha elide lifuna ukuba urhulumente ahlolisise imiphumo yenkqubo entsha yokufuduka kukhuphiswano kunye nokubuyiselwa kwecandelo leendwendwe. Nakuphi na ukuthotywa kweemfuno zokungena kubasebenzi be-EU kwixesha elizayo, nangona kungenakwenzeka kwixesha elifutshane, kuya kuba luncedo kwicandelo. Ekupheleni kukaMeyi ka-2022, i-UKHospitality yasungula isicwangciso-qhinga sabasebenzi bokwamkela iindwendwe kwilizwe lonke njengoko ijonge ukunceda ukuvala isithuba semisebenzi ye-170,000 yecandelo.
Amaphepha amatsha, ukutshekishwa kwemida kunye nolawulo olufunekayo ngoku xa kurhweba kunye ne-EU kwandiswe iindleko zokuthenga kumashishini akwicandelo, kunye namaxabiso egalelo akhuphukayo. Iindleko eziphezulu zothutho kunye namaxesha awandisiweyo okukhokela nawo alinganisele ukusebenza kwecandelo. Ngenxa yoko, abaqhubi banokujonga ekutshintsheni ababoneleli, bezama ukuphepha ukungenisa iimveliso ezivela kwi-EU.

Emva kokuphela kwexesha lotshintsho, imiba engundoqo elijongene nayo icandelo loLwazi inxulumene ikakhulu nabasebenzi, inkxaso-mali kunye nolawulo. Ilahleko yenkxaso-mali kunye notshintsho lolawulo lunokuthi luthintele ukukhula kwecandelo, liphambuka kubume be-EU. Nangona kunjalo, oku kukwanika ithuba lokuba urhulumente angenelele ekuxhaseni ngemali kwaye azise umthetho oxhasa itekhnoloji kunye nokunye ukuqaliswa kwamashishini kunye nokutsha e-UK.

Amashishini akweli candelo angajongana nobunzima ekufuneni italente kumazwe aphesheya ngenxa yenkqubo yokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe. Oku kunokuthintela ukukhula kweli candelo, njengoko lixhomekeke kubasebenzi abanezakhono eziphezulu. NgokukaManyano loQeqesho kunye neNgqesho, malunga nesinye kwisihlanu sezikhundla zetekhnoloji eLondon zazaliswa ngabemi be-EU ngo-2019. NgoJuni ka-2022, icandelo le-BT's Openreach libanga ukuba iBrexit iyacotha ukukhutshwa kwebroadband ekhawulezileyo, igxeka inkqubo yokuqesha abasebenzi abanezakhono kwibloc ye-EU.
I-UK ayiseyonxalenye yenkqubo ye-Creative Europe, ukunciphisa inkxaso-mali kumashishini akwicandelo. Amashishini ase-UK nawo akabandakanywa kwiNgxowa-mali yeBhunga elitsha le-European Innovation Council, eyenzelwe ukuxhasa abaqalisi. I-UK iphinde yalahlekelwa inzuzo yokuthatha inxaxheba kwi-Digital Single Market (DSM).
Njengoko i-UK ayiseyonxalenye ye-DSM, i-UK ehamba phambili Abaqhubi benethiwekhi ephathwayo baye babuyisela iintlawulo zokuzulazula kwabanye abathengi ngo-2022. Urhulumente wenze umthetho wokukhusela abathengi kwiintlawulo ezingalindelekanga, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izibophelelo kubaqhubi beselula ukuba basebenzise umda wemali wokusetyenziswa kwedatha yeselula ngelixa phesheya zigcinwe kumthetho wase-UK.
Ukuba i-EU ithatha isigqibo sokuvimba ukuqhubeka kweBritani ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiprogram yeCopernicus yokujonga umhlaba, endaweni yoko iya kujonga ukudlala indima enkulu kwi-European Space Agency. Urhulumente wase-UK wayecebe i-£750 yezigidi zeerandi kwiminikelo yexesha elizayo kwi-EU's Copernicus, kwaye ngoku ujonge ukuyibuyisela kwenye indawo le mali.
I-Financial Times ibike ukuba i-UK iqalise iinkqubo zomthetho ezichasene ne-EU ngokuthintela ukufikelela kwayo kwiinkqubo eziphambili zesayensi kunye nophando, kuquka iHorizon Europe, Euratom kunye neCopernicus.
I-UK ngoku inenkululeko yokwazisa umthetho omtsha kunye nokwahlukana kwizicwangciso ze-EU. Ngaloo ndlela, urhulumente wazisa uMthetho oSayilwayo woKhuseleko kwi-Intanethi ngo-Matshi 2022. Ukongezelela, ngoJuni 2022, urhulumente wase-UK watyhila i-UK Digital Strategy entsha ngenjongo yokwenza i-UK ibe yi-world tech superpower ngokujongana nezakhono zecandelo le-tech, utyalo-mali kunye neziseko zophuhliso. Ngaphezulu kwe-£ 12 yeebhiliyoni zenkxaso-mali ye-venture capital ikhuselwe yi-UK tech start-ups kunye ne-scaleups ukususela ekuqaleni konyaka, ongaphezulu kwe-2020 yonke. Ibeka i-UK nje emva kwe-US nangaphambili kwe-China kwinkxaso-mali ekhuselwe yi-tech start-up firms.
Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti ka-2022, urhulumente wabhengeza loo mithetho inzima yokhuseleko Ebanzi kunye neenkampani eziphathwayo kuya kufuneka zilandele ukukhusela ngcono uthungelwano lwase-UK kwi-cyberattacks enokuthi iqalise ukusebenza ukususela ngo-Oktobha 2022. Oku kuza njengoko urhulumente we-Telecoms Supply Chain Review ufumene ababoneleli bahlala benenkuthazo encinci yokwamkela ezona ndlela zokhuseleko zingcono. I-Ofcom iya kongamela, ibeke iliso kwaye inyanzelise imisebenzi emitsha esemthethweni kwaye ibe negunya lokwenza uhlolo lwezakhiwo kunye neenkqubo zeefemu ze-telecom ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana nezibophelelo zazo. Ukuba iinkampani ziyasilela ukuhlangabezana nemisebenzi yazo, umlawuli uya kukwazi ukukhupha iintlawulo eziya kuthi ga kwi-10% yengeniso okanye, kwimeko yokuchaswa okuqhubekayo, i-£ 100,000 ngosuku.
NgoJuni ka-2022, urhulumente wakhupha impendulo kudliwano-ndlebe malunga nohlaziyo lwenkqubo yokhuseleko lwedatha yase-UK, enesihloko esithi 'Idatha: isalathiso esitsha', apho ijolise kukomeleza ukhuseleko lwedatha yobuqu yase-UK kunye nokunciphisa imithwalo kumashishini.

Emva kokuphela kwexesha lotshintsho, imiba engundoqo ejongene necandelo lezeziMali kunye ne-Inshurensi kukuphulukana namalungelo okupaspoti, ukulingana, ukungaqiniseki ngolawulo kunye nabasebenzi. Ukulawulwa kweeNkonzo zezeMali zase-UK kunye neemarike ze-Inshurensi zilawulwa yimimiselo emininzi ephambili, eninzi engazange ifakwe kwi-EU-UK TCA.

NgoJulayi 2022, i inshorensi kunye neshishini lokonga ixesha elide lingenise impendulo yalo kuthethwano lukarhulumente ngeSolvency II. Injongo ephambili yokuguqula umthetho ophuma kwi-EU kukuvula inkunzi yexesha elide ukuxhasa ukukhula notyalo-mali kwiziseko ezingundoqo. Nangona kunjalo, uMbutho wabaKhuseli baseBritane uphikise ukuba izindululo zangoku azinakuphumelela ukukhutshwa okucetyisiweyo kwe-10 ukuya kwi-15% yemali yotyalo-mali kwakhona kwaye. i-inshurensi yobomi Iifemu kuya kufuneka zibambe inkunzi engaphezulu kunoko kufunwayo ngoku, zithintele ekubeni zikwazi ukubonelela ngemali efunekayo kutyalo-mali kulo lonke elase-UK. NgoSeptemba, uNondyebo waqaphela owayesakuba yi-chancellor Kwasi Kwarteng uza kubhengeza uhlaziyo olude lulindelwe, oluya kubandakanya ukutshintsha i-EU's Solvency II Directive kwiifemu ze-inshurensi, ngo-Oktobha, nangona oku kunokwenzeka ukuba kulibaziseke emva kokutshintsha kweChancellor.
IMarkethi kwi-Financial Instruments Directive II (MiFID II) linyathelo le-EU lokumisela umgangatho, ukulawula nokuphucula ukungafihli kwiimarike zemali zaseYurophu. Imimiselo ilawula iimfuno zokuthotyelwa kwazo zonke iifemu zemali kwaye ijolise ekukhuseleni abatyali-mali ekusetyenzisweni kakubi kwezemali njengaleyo yabonwa ngo-2008 kwaye ichaphazela yonke imiba yorhwebo lwezemali, utyalo-mali kunye nobuchwephesha. Ngokomzekelo, ijolise ekunciphiseni nasekunciphiseni amachibi amnyama, utshintshiselwano lwabucala kunye nokungaziwa kwezemali ukuya kumthamo we-8% kwiinyanga ezili-12. Bakwajolise ekunciphiseni ukurhweba kwi-counter-the-counter, enokuthi ibe neengxabano ngamanye amaxesha. Ifake isicelo ukususela ngoJanuwari 2018. Iinguqu eziphambili ezicetywayo zase-UK zibandakanya ukunika iifemu ukhetho olukhulu malunga nalapho zinokurhweba khona kwaye zibavumele ukuba bafumane elona xabiso lihle kubatyali-mali, kunye nokwenza lula ukulawulwa kweeprospectus kunye nokususa iteyiphu ebomvu engeyomfuneko. NjengoSolvency II, utshintsho lwaluza kubhengezwa ngo-Okthobha ka-2022, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba luhlehliswe emva kotshintsho kwiChancellor.
UMthetho oYilwayo weeNkonzo zezeMali kunye neeMakethi, isiqwenga esibalulekileyo somthetho wokunyusa icandelo leenkonzo zezemali zase-UK emva kokushiya i-EU, yaziswa ePalamente ngomhla we-20 Julayi 2022. Lo mthetho usayilwayo uquka utshintsho kwisakhelo apho abalawuli beenkonzo zezemali basebenza khona, uhlengahlengiso lolawulo lweemarike ezinkulu kunye nokujongana nemiba ebalulekileyo echaphazela uluntu kwilizwe lonke, njengobuqhetseba kunye nokufikelela kwimali. Izinto eziphambili ziquka ukulawula i-stablecoins kunye nokunciphisa imithetho ye-inshurensi yenkunzi. Uqikelelo lwangaphambili lwe-Inshurensi ye-Inshorensi yePension Corporation lucebisa ukuba i-UK-specific reform of Solvency II ingakhulula i-£2 yebhiliyoni eyongezelelweyo ngonyaka kutyalo-mali kwimali enemveliso kwixesha elifutshane, kuquka i-500 yezigidi zeerandi kutyalo-mali kuyo. hlaziywa okanye ii-asethi eziluhlaza kunye nokukhulisa ukhuphiswano lwecandelo kunye nokutsala utyalo-mali lwangaphandle.
Ukulahlekelwa kwamalungelo okupasa kunye nokuqhubeka kokungaqiniseki kubangele amaziko emali amaninzi aseke okanye andise imisebenzi kumazwe aseYurophu, asuse amasebe kunye nabasebenzi kude ne-UK. Oku kube negalelo ekwehleni kwamanani okusekwa kunye namanani engqesho kwicandelo lezeziMali ne-Inshurensi kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo.
I-Ofisi kaNondyebo yase-UK iye yafudukela kwi-mini-bond elawulwayo, ezizibhondi ezingenakuthengiswa kuluntu. Le ntshukumo iza emva kokungaphumeleli komnikezeli we-mini-bond yaseLondon Capital & Finance ekuqaleni kuka-2019, eveze abatyali-mali kwilahleko ye-£ 237 yezigidi kwaye yachaphazela ukugcinwa kwabathengi abayi-11,600. Iyinxalenye yohlaziyo lwasemva kweBrexit kwimithetho yemalike eyinkunzi epapashwe emva kothethathethwano neSixeko kulo nyaka uphelileyo.
Njengoko kubhengezwe kwi-TCA, i-EU kunye ne-UK bavumelana ngeMemorandam yokuQonda (i-MoU) ekupheleni kuka-Matshi 2021 ukudala 'isakhelo sentsebenziswano yokulawula ngokuzithandela kwiinkonzo zemali phakathi kwe-UK kunye ne-EU' kwaye yaseka i-Joint EU-UK Financial Regulatory Forum, eya kusebenza njengeqonga lokuququzelela ingxoxo kwimiba yeenkonzo zemali. Nangona kunjalo, i-MoU ayizange iquke izibonelelo ngokulingana. Amaziko emali ase-UK ajongene nemiqobo ebalulekileyo yokulawula ukuze aqhubeke nokubonelelwa kweenkonzo zabo kwi-EU, kunye nale migaqo eyongezelelweyo ibeka amaziko emali asekhaya kwimeko yokukhuphisana xa kuthelekiswa noontanga baseYurophu.
Ukucoca izindlu ngumbutho apho urhwebo lwe-derivatives kunye nokhuseleko lwenzeka khona; babeka iliso kwintengiselwano kwaye babonelele ngenkqubo yolungiso lwemali kwaye babaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni ukungazinzi kwemarike. Ukufikelela kwe-EU kwizindlu zokucoca zase-UK kwakunokuphela ngoJuni 2022. Nangona kunjalo, ngoJanuwari 2022, iBrussels yaqala iingxoxo zokwandisa ukufikelela kwiinkqubo zokucoca zase-UK kude kube yi-2025.

Ukulandela ukuphela kwexesha lotshintsho, imiba engundoqo ejongene necandelo lezindlu ezithengiswayo kunye necandelo leRente kunye nokuQesha yimithetho yokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe, utyalo-mali kunye nokufuduka.

Idatha ye-ONS ithi imfuduko eshiyekileyo yabemi be-EU ukuya e-UK yajika yaba mbi ngo-2020 kwaye oku kunokwenzeka ukuba kuqhubeke ngo-2021. Oku kubangela ingxaki kwicandelo njengoko kuthintela imfuno yezindlu, ukurenta kunye neenkonzo zokuqeshisa.
Ukungaqiniseki okujikeleze i-Brexit kwakhuthaza ezinye iinkampani ukuba zifuduse iiofisi kwaye zihambe kude ne-UK, okanye ubuncinane ukunciphisa utyalo-mali kunye nezicwangciso zokwandisa, kunye nomsebenzi wokuthengisa ipropati engeyiyo yokuhlala ehla ukususela kwi-referendum ye-EU. Ngokutsho kwedatha ye-HMRC, imiqulu yentengiselwano yepropati ye-UK engeyiyo yokuhlala, ehlengahlengisiweyo ngamaxesha, iyancipha nge-7.9% phakathi kwe-2016-17 kunye ne-2019-20.
Imiqulu yokuthengiselana yepropati yokuhlala iye yahlala yomelele, kunye nedatha ye-HMRC ebonisa ukuba kukho i-7.24 yezigidi zentengiselwano phakathi kukaJulayi 2016 noMeyi 2022, ukunyuka kwe-14.4% kwiminyaka emithandathu edlulileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokutsho kwe-estate agency Knight Frank, ngelixa imimandla yase-UK yabona ukukhula okubonakalayo kumaxabiso ezindlu kunye neyonke, amaxabiso ezindlu e-UK anyuke nge-32% phakathi kukaJulayi 2016 noMeyi 2022, umbindi weLondon urekhode ukuhla kwe-16% kumaxabiso ukususela kwi-Brexit. Ngokubanzi, amaxabiso ezindlu eLondon akhule nge-12.7% ngeli xesha, emva kwelizwe liphela.
Umthengisi zindlu UBenham noReeves bathi phantse amakhaya angama-250,000 ngabathengi baphesheya kweelwandle, ngexabiso lilonke lentengiso yamakhaya angaphandle emi kwi-90.7 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kulo lonke elaseNgilani naseWales, njengoko kuxelwe yiSixeko AM. Oku kuphakamisa ukuba i-Brexit ayizange ikhokelele ekufudukeni kwabanini bezindlu zangaphandle.
Ukuthintelwa kwe-Brexit yokungabikho kwesivumelwano kunye nokuncitshiswa kokungaqiniseki kuloo nto inokuthi itsalele utyalo-mali kwimarike yepropathi yase-UK evela kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. Idatha yakutsha nje evela kumbutho ongenzi nzuzo iZiko leeNkcukacha zoLuntu lifumanise ukuba inani lamakhaya eNgilani naseWales aphethwe ngabathengi baphesheya kolwandle liphantse laphindaphindeka kathathu kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, kunye nabahlali abasuka kwiindawo zokurhafisa kunye ne-Asiya ngokukodwa bekhukula kwimarike. Ngaphezu koko, njengoko ukungaqiniseki kuye kwancipha, izivumelwano ezinkulu zepropati zorhwebo zenzeke, kunye ne-5 yeebhiliyoni ezixabisa utyalo-mali kwi-real estate yaseLondon eyenzeka kwikota yokuqala ye-2022, ebonisa ukuba i-capital iye yahlala inomtsalane kubatyalo-mali bangaphandle.
Njengoko intshukumo yokuwela imida iye yaba nzima ngakumbi, amaBritane afuna ukufudukela kwi-EU akufumanisa kunzima ngakumbi, kunye ne-visa ekhoyo kwaye ilizwe ngalinye linemfuno zalo zokuhlala. Oku kunokubayekile ukuba abanye abantu baseBrithani bajonge amakhaya aphesheya kwaye endaweni yoko babakhokelela ekubeni bathenge indlu e-UK, enceda icandelo.

Ubungcali, iNzululwazi kunye neMisebenzi yobuGcisa

Emva kokuphela kwexesha lotshintsho, imiba engundoqo ejongene necandelo leeNkonzo zobuGcisa, ezeNzululwazi kunye nezobuGcisa ngabasebenzi, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kunye nolawulo. Isivumelwano se-EU-UK TCA sasiqulathe amalungiselelo amancinane kwiinkonzo zobungcali.

I-TheCityUK ichaze ukuba kwiinyanga ezisithoba emva kokuphela kwexesha lotshintsho, iifemu zezemali kunye neenkonzo zobuchwephesha ezinxulumeneyo bezinika ingxelo yokonyuka kweendleko zokukhusela italente yezakhono eziphakamileyo, kuba kungenjalo ziya kukhuphisana kancinci kwinqanaba lehlabathi.
Ukunqongophala kokuqondwa kweziqinisekiso zemfundo kuthintele icandelo kwaye amanye amashishini angaphakathi kwicandelo aphulukene nawo, ngakumbi iifemu zeenkonzo zobungcali. Ngokomzekelo, amagqwetha ase-UK alahlekelwe amandla okusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-EU, ukwenza Iifemu zamagqwetha e-UK ukukhuphisana okuncinci kwaye abanye banokufudusa iiofisi kwi-EU okanye bavule iiofisi ezintsha kwi-EU. AbaCwangcisi baye balumkisa ukuba umsebenzi ophumeleleyo kwi-EU uye waba nzima. Nangona kunjalo, abo sele beneziqinisekiso zamkelwe kwi-EU baya kuqhubeka nolwamkelo.
NgoMeyi ka-2021, i-UK yazisa uMthetho oYilwayo weziQinisekiso zoBuchule, ovumela iingcali zangaphandle ukuba zivunywe iziqinisekiso zazo eBritani apho zadibana khona nemigangatho yase-UK, kunye nabalawuli banikwe ukuzimela ukuze bahlole ezo ziqinisekiso kunye nokufuna izivumelwano zokubuyisela, njengoko ingxelo ye-Financial Times.
I-Brussels ivalele i-UK ukuba ijoyine i-Lugano Convention, emisela ukuba zeziphi iinkundla zamazwe ezinegunya lokulawula iingxabano. Oku kuye kwachaphazela kakubi kakhulu iifemu ezisemthethweni, njengoko kudala iingxaki kuhlaliso loqhawulo-mtshato kunye namabhaso esondlo sabantwana.
Ukuthunyelwa kwenkonzo yase-UK kuqokelelwe i-113 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ezantsi ukusuka ngo-2016 ukuya ku-2019 kunokuba bekuya kuba njalo ukuba i-UK ibingavotelwanga ukuba imke kwi-EU ngoJuni ka-2016, ngokutsho kweYunivesithi yaseAston. Ukuthunyelwa kweenkonzo zezimali kumazwe angaphandle kube yeyona nto inzima kwisithuba seminyaka emine.
Iphulo elibizwa ngokuba yi-Stick to Science lisungulwe ngoosonzululwazi ngeenzame zokucenga i-EU ukuba ivumele i-UK kunye neSwitzerland ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwiminyaka esixhenxe ye-Horizon Europe, eyinkqubo yophando kunye nophuhliso exabisa i-95 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. Ubulungu kule nkqubo buya kuba luncedo kakhulu ngenkxaso yayo yesayensi, intsebenziswano kunye nokhuphiswano.
Kuye kwaxelwa ukuba i-EU ivalela izazinzulu zase-UK ukuba zithathe inxaxheba kwi-Horizon Yurophu phakathi komgca wokurhweba emva kweBrexit eNyakatho ye-Ireland. Ngenxa yoko, i-UK inokushiya inyathelo lezigidigidi, into eye yagxekwa zizazinzulu zaseBritane. NgoJuni ka-2022, umphathiswa wesayensi ngelo xesha uGeorge Freeman wathi uzakukhupha i-15 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zenkxaso-mali ukusuka ngoSeptemba 2022 ukuba i-UK ayibandakanywa kwiinkqubo zesayensi ze-EU ezifana neHorizon, Copernicus kunye ne-Euratom. Nangona kunjalo, izazinzulu zase-Bhritane zilumkise ukuba ukuphulukana nobulungu kwinkqubo ye-Horizon Europe kunokuba nefuthe elibi kwikamva lophando lwase-UK, kunye nezifundiswa eziphezulu ezinokulungiselela ukulishiya ilizwe ukuba ubulungu abuxoxisananga.
Ekupheleni kukaMeyi 2022, i-Financial Times yabika ukuba i-UK kunye neSweden basayine isivumelwano sentsebenziswano kwisayensi yobomi, ejolise ekomelezeni uphando lwezemfundo kunye nentsebenziswano yezorhwebo njengoko iBrithani ifuna ukujula ubudlelwane besayensi kunye nezinye iintlanga emva kweBrexit.

Emva kokuphela kwethuba lotshintsho, imiba engundoqo elijongene nayo icandelo lezeMfundo sisiphelo senkululeko yokuhamba-hamba yabafundi bamazwe ngamazwe kunye nenkxaso-mali, ngakumbi kubaboneleli bemfundo ephakamileyo. Nangona kunjalo, isiphumo sokuphela kwexesha lotshintsho kunzima ukusisusa kweso se-COVID-19.

Ukususela kwireferendamu ye-EU, abaphandi baye bavakalisa inkxalabo malunga ne-UK yokulahlekelwa ukufikelela kwiimali zophando ze-EU, iHorizon Europe. I-Horizon Yurophu iya kuqhuba kude kube yi-2027 iquka iBhunga loPhando laseYurophu (ERC), eliwonga ubudlelwane obungenakulinganiswa bophando olusisiseko kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe-95 yeebhiliyoni zeedola (i-84.1 yezigidigidi). I-TCA iquke amalungiselelo okuba i-UK ibe lilungu 'elisebenzisanayo' le-Horizon Europe, eliza kunika abaphandi abase-UK amalungelo afanayo okufumana inkxaso-mali njengeenzululwazi kumazwe e-EU. Ngaphandle kweenyanga ezili-18 zeengxoxo ngomanyano, nangona kunjalo, uthetha-thethwano luye lwamiswa ngenxa yokungavisisani malunga nendlela yokuphumeza umda phakathi kweRiphabhlikhi yaseIreland. Ngo-Agasti ka-2022, urhulumente wase-UK waqalisa uthethwano olusemthethweni kunye ne-EU, kumzamo wokuphelisa ukulibaziseka okuzingileyo kwi-UK yokufikelela kwiinkqubo zophando lwezesayensi ze-EU, kubandakanya iHorizon Europe. Nangona kunjalo, izazinzulu eziphezulu kunye nosekela-chansela balumkisa urhulumente ukuba akasazibophelelekanga kwisivumelwano sobulungu, kwaye uluntu lwezenzululwazi lulumkisile ukuba izifundiswa eziphezulu zilungiselela ukuya phesheya ngenxa yokulahlekelwa yinkxaso-mali. Isiphumo sokukhupha ubuchopho asiyi kuba ngoko nangoko, kodwa sivakalelwe kwixesha eliphakathi ukuya kwelide.
NgoFebruwari 2022, i-UK yazisa izicwangciso zokuchitha i-£ 6 yezigidigidi kwiminyaka emithathu kwingxowa-mali entsha yesayensi yehlabathi, eyaziwa ngokuba yiSicwangciso B, ukuba i-EU iyala ukuvumela ilizwe ukuba lithathe inxaxheba kwinkqubo yophando yeHorizon Europe. Nangona kunjalo, umba ophambili ngengxowa-mali entsha yesayensi yehlabathi kukungaqiniseki kunye nemigaqo engacacanga, ngokungafaniyo neHorizon Europe, esele yasekwa iminyaka emininzi. KwiYunivesithi Abaphandi baye baphawula ukuba ukungaqiniseki sele kukhokelela ekwehleni okujikelezayo kumsebenzi wentsebenziswano phakathi kweenzululwazi zase-UK nakwilizwekazi.
Okwangoku, phantse i-150 yabaphandi base-UK baphumelele ubudlelwane be-ERC kwifowuni yokuqala yenkxaso-mali yebhunga, kodwa i-EU ngoku ithi abaphandi base-UK banokuthatha izibonelelo kuphela xa betshintshela kwiziko kwilizwe elilungu le-EU. Okwangoku, abaphengululi abali-18 baye bakhetha ukwenjenjalo; ezinye ezisibhozo zilindele ukudluliselwa ukuze kuvunywe. I-ERC izirhoxisile izibonelelo-mali zabenzi-zicelo abaphumeleleyo abali-115 kwaye abanye aba-6 abawongiweyo baye bacela ixesha elongezelelweyo lokwenza isigqibo ngenxa yeemeko ezithethelelayo.
Ngokutsho kwe-UCAS, iiyunivesithi zase-UK zirekhode ukuhla kwe-53.1% kwinani labafakizicelo beyunivesithi abavela kwi-EU phakathi kwe-2020 kunye ne-2022. Ngelo xesha, inani labafundi be-non-EU bamazwe ngamazwe landa nge-24.9%. Inani lezicelo zesidanga sokuqala kunye neendawo zabafundi abavela kwi-EU ziye zachatshazelwa luluhlu lwezinto, kubandakanywa utshintsho kumalungiselelo enkxaso yabafundi kunye neentlawulo eziphezulu. Ukongeza, abaphathiswa baye bavakalisa inkxalabo malunga nenani labafundi abaxhomekeke kumazwe ngamazwe abanokuza nabo e-UK, ukuya kuthi ga kwisithandathu, kwaye baye babhekisela kwizicwangciso zokukhawulela inani labantu abaxhomekeke kuwe, ukubeka uxinzelelo olungakumbi kumanani obhaliso lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Ngokwedatha evela kwiiYunivesithi zase-UK International, inani labafundi abavela kwamanye amazwe amakhulu aseYurophu abasebenza kwimfundo ephakamileyo yase-UK, kuquka i-Itali, iJamani, iFransi ne-Netherlands, lehlile. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba kube sisiphumo sabafundi abajongene nemirhumo ye-visa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhla kwenyuka kwakungekho jikelele: inani labafundi base-Ireland abasebenza e-UK benyuka ngo-2.1% , ngelixa kukho ukwanda okuvela eSpain (0.4%), ePoland (2.1%) nasePortugal (2.4%).

Ukhathalelo lwempilo kunye noNcedo lweNtlalo

Emva kokuphela kwexesha lotshintsho, imiba engundoqo ejongene necandelo lezeMpilo kunye noNcedo lwezeNtlalo ngabasebenzi, ukubonelela ngamayeza kunye nezixhobo zonyango kunye nemithetho eyahlukeneyo. Isiphumo sokuphela kwexesha lotshintsho kunzima ukusisusa kwi-COVID-19.

NgoSeptemba 2022, i-Medicines kunye ne-Healthcare Regulatory Agency (MHRA) yamisela i-Body yokuqala eVunyiweyo yase-UK ukuba iqinisekise izixhobo zonyango ukususela kwi-Brexit. I-Dekra, esekelwe e-Buckinghamshire, iya kwenza iimvavanyo zezixhobo zonyango eziqhelekileyo, ezaziwa ngokuba yiCandelo le-II, kuyo nayiphi na inhlangano enokuthi ivunywe ukuba iqinisekise izixhobo zonyango e-UK. Inkampani iyinxalenye ye-Deutscher Kraftfahrzeug-Überwachungs-Verein eV, enengeniso engaphezu kwe-3.5 yezigidigidi kwaye iqeshe abantu abangama-47,770 kumazwe angaphezu kwama-60 kuwo onke amazwekazi amathandathu.
Ukuqaliswa kwamayeza amatsha kunamaxesha amade okukhokela kwaye izicwangciso zokulawula zicwangciswa kwiinyanga okanye iminyaka ngaphambili. Ukubonelela ngexesha elifanelekileyo lezicwangciso ezichanekileyo eziza kuphuhliswa, i-European Commission Reliance Procedure (ECDRP) yandiswe ngeenyanga ezili-12 ukuze ifake isicelo kulo lonke elase-Great Britain kude kube yi-31 kaDisemba 2023, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantu bayaqhubeka nokufikelela kwangexesha kumayeza ngelixa i-MHRA iphuhlisa izindululo zesakhelo esitsha sokuxhomekeka kwamazwe ngamazwe. I-ECDRP ivumela inkampani ukuba ingenise imveliso efumene imvume kwi-EMA kwi-MHRA. I-MHRA inokunika ilayisenisi enophononongo olulula ngakumbi kunokuba bebeya kuqhuba ngayo ngesiqhelo loo mveliso yezamayeza, bexhomekeke kwisigqibo se-EMA.
Ngaphandle kokuphunyezwa kwe-Visa ye-Health and Care Worker Visa (HCWV), indlela ye-visa ekhawulezayo ekwabonelela ngokukhululwa kwi-Immigration Health Surcharge, icandelo lezeMpilo kunye noLondolozo lweNtlalo lihlaselwe kukunqongophala kwabasebenzi kunye nokungaqiniseki malunga nabasebenzi bexesha elizayo. Kubongikazi nabatyeleli bezempilo, kuye kwakho inguqu ukusuka kwi-EEA ukuya kubafaki-zicelo abangeyiyo eye-EEA. Ngokutsho kweDatha ye-NHS Workforce ngoSeptemba 2021, umlinganiselo we-EU okanye i-EEA abajoyina behla ukusuka kwi-19% kwi-2015-16 ukuya kwi-6.1% kwiinyanga ezilithoba emva kokuphela kwexesha lokutshintsha. Ngaphaya koko, umyinge wabangeneleli bomongikazi abaxela ubuzwe obungeyo-EU okanye -EEA lenyuke laya kutsho kwi-25% ngo-2019-20 ngaphambi kokuba lehle laya kutsho kwi-19% ngo-2020-21, ngelixa idatha evela kwiBhunga labongikazi nababelekisayo (NMC) ibonisa ukuba baphantse babeyi-11,000 abongikazi bamanye amazwe bajoyine irejista ye-NMC, ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sokuqala se-2021 kwirejista yokuqala. 22-2020.
I-HCWV ayifumaneki kwabo bakukhathalelo lwentlalo yabantu abadala kwaye ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi kubonakala ngokukodwa. Ukujongana nokunqongophala, ngoJanuwari 2022, abasebenzi abanonophelo, abancedisi kunye umsebenzi wokunyamekela ekhaya izithuba zongezwa kuluhlu lwemisebenzi enqongopheleyo yee-Ofisi zezeKhaya kwaye iimfuno zokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe zancitshiswa okwethutyana. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwamanani avela kwiZakhono zokuKhathalela, abasebenzi bokhathalelo lwentlalo baye bancipha okokuqala malunga neshumi leminyaka ngaphandle kokunyuka kwemfuno kunye nokuxinana kweebhedi. ezibhedleleziphenjelelwa kukunqongophala kweendawo zokhathalelo. INgilani kulindeleke ukuba ifune kufutshane ne-500,000 yabasebenzi bokhathalelo ngakumbi phakathi kule minyaka ilishumi izayo, kodwa ngo-2021 kwabakho ukwehla kwenani labasebenzi abangama-50,000, kushiye malunga ne-165,000 imisebenzi ingenamntu. Umbutho uqaphela ingxowa-mali yezigidi ezingama-500 zeerandi eyenziwe ngurhulumente ngenyanga kaSeptemba njengenganelanga ukuzalisa isithuba sabasebenzi kwaye amabhunga acela i-3 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ukuba ifakwe kwintlawulo engcono kunye nokuqesha.
I-UK iwa ngasemva kwe-US kunye ne-EU ekutsaleni nasekuvumeni amayeza amatsha emva kokuphela kwexesha lotshintsho ngoJanuwari 2021. Ngokophicotho oluvunyiweyo olwenziwe yi-Imperial College yaseLondon egameni le-MHRA, ngama-35 kuphela amayeza anoveli avunyiweyo ukuba asetyenziswe e-UK ngo-2021 xa kuthelekiswa nama-40 e-EU kunye nama-52 e-EU. Kuye kwacetyiswa ukuba le lag ibangelwa ubungakanani obuncinci beemarike zase-UK xa kuthelekiswa ne-EU kunye ne-US, njengoko ngoku ilawulwa ngokuzimeleyo kwi-EU kunye nomthwalo wolawulo olongezelelweyo. Ukuwa kolwamkelo lwamayeza aqalayo kuqaqambise iinkxalabo malunga nomtsalane wamayeza e-R&D kwixesha elide.
Amagosa e-MHRA alumkise ukuba utshintsho olulawulayo ngenxa yokuphuma kwe-UK kwi-EU kunokubiza umlawuli phakathi kwe-£ 20 yezigidi kunye ne-30 yezigidi ngonyaka. Kuze kube yilapho i-UK iphuma kwi-EU, i-MHRA yayifumene isixa esibalulekileyo kwi-Arhente yeMithi yaseYurophu ngomsebenzi wayo wokuvavanya amachiza amatsha ukuba asetyenziswe kulo lonke elase-EU, kodwa igosa eliphezulu le-MHRA lathi kuya kufuneka baziqhelanise nenkqubo entsha yokumisela emva kwenguqu ngenxa yotshintsho.
Ukungaqiniseki kuhleli malunga neziphumo zexesha elide zokurhoxa kunikezelo lwamayeza zihleli ngenxa yowiso-mthetho olwahlukileyo. Umzekelo, i-UK ayizange iphumeze imiba ethile ye-EU Falsified Medicines Directive ka-2011, ethe yazisa inkqubo yezazisi ezizodwa kunye netywina lokhuseleko kwipakethi nganye yamayeza ukugada kwiimveliso ezinobuqhophololo. I-UK isemva kohlaziyo olujoliswe ekuphuculeni ukhuseleko kunye nentsebenziswano, ekulindeleke ukuba ibe ngumqobo kunikezelo lwamayeza.

Emva kokuphela kwexesha lenguqu, imiba engundoqo ejongene necandelo lobuGcisa, uLonwabo kunye noLonwabo kukufikelela kwinkxaso-mali, ngakumbi kumashishini oyilo, kunye nokuhamba ngokukhululekileyo kwabasebenzi kwiiklabhu zezemidlalo eziqeqeshiweyo.

Ukulandela ukuphuma kwe-UK kwi-EU, icandelo lokuzonwabisa lomculo lase-UK, kubandakanya mikhosi, bajamelane nocelomngeni. Omnye wemiba ephambili yimiba yazo zonke iisayizi ngoku kufuneka i-carnet - uxwebhu lwamasiko amazwe ngamazwe oluchaza zonke izixhobo kunye nezixhobo, kunye neenombolo ze-serial - ukuba zivunyelwe ukuhamba phakathi kwe-UK kunye ne-EU kunye nazo zonke izixhobo zabo, zibiza ubuncinane be-£ 600. Kanye kunye nokunyuka kweendleko kunye namaphepha kumaqela aseBrithani afuna ukuhamba ngaphesheya kweShaneli, amaqela e-EU afuna ukuza kunye nokudlala imithendeleko yase-UK ajongene nemiqobo efanayo.
Ngaphambi kwe-1 kaJanuwari 2021, abaqhubi kumashishini oBugcisa kunye noLonwabo, njenga abavelisi bemifanekiso eshukumayo, uzuze kakhulu kwinkxaso-mali evela kwi-EU. Ishishini ngaphambili lafumana inkxaso-mali ngenkqubo yeCreative Europe, inkqubo yesikhokelo eyamiselwa yiKhomishini yaseYurophu ukunika izibonelelo ezifikelela kwi-1 yezigidi zeerandi (£841,000) okanye i-10% yeendleko ezifanelekileyo (nokuba yeyiphi ephantsi) Imdidlalo eqhubayo yeTV eyayinamandla okujikeleza ngaphakathi kwe-EU nangaphandle. Olu chungechunge bekufuneka luveliswe ngabavelisi abazimeleyo kwaye kwafuneka ukuba lusekelwe kwilizwe elithatha inxaxheba kwinkqutyana ye-MEDIA. Ukulandela ukuphuma kwe-UK kwi-EU, abaqhubi base-UK abasayi kuxhamla kwinkqubo ye-Creative Europe. Nangona kunjalo, ngasekupheleni kuka-2020, urhulumente wase-UK waseka iGlobal Screen Fund ye-£ 7 yezigidi ukuze ithathe indawo yemali ekhutshwe kwinkqubo ye-Creative Europe.
NgoFebruwari ka-2022, urhulumente wase-UK wathembisa nge-50 yezigidi zeedola kumashishini ayilayo kulo lonke elase-UK. Utyalo-mali lubandakanya i-£ 21 yezigidi ukunceda ukwakha kwimpumelelo yamazwe ngamazwe kwimboni yefilimu yase-UK ngokusebenzisa i-UK Global Screen Fund yeminyaka emithathu. Oku kulandela impumelelo yonyaka omnye wokulingwa kwesikim esithe sakhulisa ukufikelela kwihlabathi kwiimveliso ezizimeleyo zase-UK. I-£ 18 yezigidi zenkxaso-mali iya kuxhasa amashishini okudala ngaphandle kweLondon njengoko edala amathuba amatsha ezoqoqosho kwiindawo zabo. I-8 yezigidi zeedola iya kunceda ukuqala abaphuhlisi bomdlalo wevidiyokulo lonke elase-UK ukwenza imidlalo emitsha. Le nkxaso-mali yongezelelweyo kulindeleke ukuba incede endaweni yenkxaso-mali elahlekileyo evela kwi-Creative Europe.
Izithintelo kwintshukumo yabasebenzi zibaluleke kakhulu kwabo basebenza kwindawo Ishishini leeKlabhu zeMidlalo. Ukususela ngoJanuwari 2022, abadlali bebhola ekhatywayo baphesheya abalindele ukutshintshwa kwi-EU ukuya e-UK baya kufuna i-Endorsement yeQumrhu eliLawulayo (GBE). Lo mthetho mtsha ubenza bahambelane nabadlali bebhola abasuswa kumazwe angekho kwi-EU besiwa kumaqela akwiPremier League. Ngokufanayo, iiklabhu zemidlalo zinokusayina kuphela abadlali abathathu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-21 ubuninzi ukuba bafuna ukufumana i-GBE kwaye abayi kuvunyelwa ukuba basayine abadlali abangaphezu kwesithandathu baphesheya kwisizini enye.

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