I-Inshurensi yeCargo: Yintoni na kwaye isebenza njani

Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kukhuselekile kwaye kukhuselekile, kodwa iziganeko ezingalindelekanga zinokwenza izinto zingahambi kakuhle. Kwaye kwiimeko ezinjalo, umthumeli wempahla oqeqeshiweyo okanye umthwali akanakuba noxanduva kuyo nayiphi na ilahleko okanye umonakalo.

Uxanduva lwabathumeli kunye nabathwali lulinganiselwe kuphela. Ukuba iimveliso zakho zidibana nesiganeko esingathandekiyo, kuya kufuneka ujongane noluhlu olude lwemigaqo kunye neemeko ezinzima.  

Yiyo loo nto ihlawulayo ukuziqhelanisa nemigaqo jikelele ye-inshurensi yempahla, inkqubo yamabango, kunye nendlela yokukhangela imiqobo. Ngoko funda kwisikhokelo esinzulu esijolise ekuncedeni abathengisi ukuba benze uninzi lwe-inshurensi yempahla. 

Isiqulatho
Intshayelelo kwi-inshurensi yempahla
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-inshurensi yempahla
Isebenza njani i-inshurensi yempahla?
Inkqubo yamabango kwi-inshurensi yempahla
Ukukhutshwa okuqhelekileyo kwipolisi ye-inshurensi yempahla
Iingcebiso zokukhetha i-inshurensi yempahla efanelekileyo
Ukuqukumbela: Ukutyhilwa kwe-dynamics ye-inshurensi yempahla

Intshayelelo kwi-inshurensi yempahla

Umthwalo wakho uvulelekile kwiziganeko ezingalindelekanga elwandle, endleleni, okanye ngexesha lokuhamba emoyeni. Izehlo ezinjalo zingonakalisa iimveliso zakho, kwaye uxanduva lomthwali aluyi kwanela ukuhlawula ngokupheleleyo ilahleko.

Ngelixa iminyaka yakutshanje ibone ukuhla okukhulu kwezi meko, amanani asephezulu. Malunga 661 izitya zalahleka elwandle ngo-2022. Nangona kunjalo, akufuneki ulahlekelwe yiyo yonke into ngenxa yeziganeko ezingalindelekanga. Kuza i-inshurensi yempahla.

Ukuqonda iziseko ze-inshurensi yempahla

Ngokwenyani, i-inshurensi yempahla ibhekisa kwisisombululo solawulo lomngcipheko esikhusela ishishini lakho kwilahleko ebangelwa ngumthwalo owonakeleyo okanye olahlekileyo. I-inshorensi inabela kwisixa se-inshorensi kwaye iyahluka kwi-carrier liability.

Ukufuna amanyathelo okuthintela ngaphambi kokuba isiganeko esibi siyimfuneko kubathumeli rhoqo. I-inshurensi yothutho okanye yomthwalo sisisombululo esinenzuzo sokukhawulela uxanduva lwemali ngexesha elinjalo. 

Ukubaluleka kokuba ne-inshurensi yomthwalo

Injongo ye-inshurensi yomthwalo kukukhawulela ilahleko yemali xa iimveliso zakho zonakele. Olu khuseleko lwe-inshorensi luza nezi zibonelelo zilandelayo:

• Lonke ukhuselo lomngcipheko -Ukhuselo luya kukukhusela kumonakalo omkhulu okanye ilahleko evela kwizinto zangaphandle ezingaphaya kolawulo lwakho. Oku kuquka izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo, ubusela, okanye ukuphathwa ngendlela engafanelekanga.  
• Indawo yokugcina impahla ukuya kwindawo yokugcina impahla -I-inshurensi yomthwalo wakho iqinisekisa ukhuseleko kumonakalo okanye ilahleko ngexesha lokuthuthwa ukusuka kwindawo yokugcina impahla ukuya kwenye. 
• Isiqinisekiso senzuzo -umonakalo okanye ukulahleka kweemveliso zoshishino kunemiphumo yemali ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa i-inshurensi yempahla inokukhusela inzuzo nasemva kokulahlekelwa kwempahla.
• Uxolo lwengqondo -Ukwazi ukuba utyalo-mali lwakho lukhuselekile kunika uxolo. Uya kuhlala phantsi kwaye uphumle njengoko ulindele ukuthunyelwa kwakho. 
• Isiqinisekiso sokuhamba kwemali -I-inshorensi ye-inshorensi iqinisekisa ukuhamba kwemali okungaguqukiyo kwishishini nakwixesha lokuthintela ukuthunyelwa kwempahla.
• Ukhuseleko kwimpahla ebuthathaka - A isitika esiethe-ethe kunye nepolisi ye-inshorensi yempahla iyafuneka ukuba ujongana nezi mpahla.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-inshurensi yempahla

Ngokubanzi, abanini bempahla banokukhetha kwezi ntlobo zintathu zilandelayo ze-inshurensi yomthwalo:

I-inshurensi yempahla yomhlaba

Eli gama libhekisa kukhuseleko lwe-inshorensi yomthwalo ohamba endleleni (intshukumo yangaphakathi) kusetyenziswa iilori okanye ezinye izithuthi eziluncedo. Iimveliso zakho ziya kukhuselwa kwizehlo ezibangelwa bubusela, ukonakala, kunye nobunye umngcipheko wokuthuthwa kwempahla. Yiya kuyo ukuba ujonge ukuthumela iimpahla ngaphakathi elizweni.

I-inshurensi yempahla yaselwandle

Olu khuselo lukukhusela kwilahleko yorhwebo ngelixa uselwandle. Ikhusela izilangazelelo zabahambi ngenqanawa, abathuthwayo, nabanini bamashishini ababandakanyeka kurhwebo lwaselwandle. Olu khuseleko lwezemali lukukhusela kwilahleko ebangelwe ziingozi ezifana nokutshona, ukungqubana, ubusela, okanye eminye imingcipheko echaziweyo ngexesha lohambo.

I-inshurensi yomthwalo womoya

Le inshorensi yomthwalo ikhusela iimpahla ezithuthwayo ngomoya. Imingcipheko equkwa ngulo mnikelo isukela kumonakalo kunye nelahleko ukuya kubusela kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwempahla. 

Isebenza njani i-inshurensi yempahla?

Ababoneleli be-inshurensi banikezela ngeepakethi ze-inshurensi yomthwalo owodwa. Akukho ukuhamba komsebenzi ekuvunyelweneyo, kodwa imigaqo-nkqubo ilandela inkqubo eqhelekileyo.

I-inshorensi ye-Cargo: ukusuka kwimvelaphi ukuya kwindawo

Owona mahluko uphawulekayo phakathi kwe-inshurensi yomthwalo kunye ne-inshorensi yomthwali kukuba eyokuqala ithatha uhambo lweemveliso zakho lulonke ukusuka kwimvelaphi ukuya kwindawo yokugqibela. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo uqala kwindawo yokusukela, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi “warehouse to warehouse” coverage. Yandisa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zothutho ngokuxhomekeke kwiindlela ezikhethiweyo zokuthumela.

I-inshurensi yempahla ikhusela iimpahla ngelixa zihamba. Uya kufumana izikhuselo ngokuchasene neziganeko ezingalindelekanga ezinokubangela umonakalo okanye ilahleko. Olu khuselo lulungiselelwe ukujongana nemingcipheko eyayanyaniswa nobunzima borhwebo lwehlabathi kunye nokwandisa ukuthunyelwa kweenqanawa zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe.

I-inshurensi yomthwalo wakho iyaphela xa iimveliso zakho zifika kwindawo oya kuyo. Igubungela iimpahla zakho nangexesha lokuthuthwa kunye nokugcinwa kwindawo ekuvunyelwene ngayo. 

Ukumisela ixabiso le-inshurensi yomthwalo

Ungamisela ixabiso le-inshurensi yomthwalo wakho ngokuvavanya ixabiso lempahla. Eli xabiso liya kubandakanya:

• Iindleko zempahla
• Iindleko zempahla
• Naziphi na iindleko ezongezelelweyo

Ababoneleli be-inshurensi basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuxabisa. Uza kudibana neenketho ezifana nexabiso le-invoyisi, ixabiso lemarike, okanye ixabiso lokutshintsha ngokusekelwe kwimiqathango othe wathethathethana ngayo ne-inshurensi yakho. Kuphela kungoqingqo-maxabiso oluchanekileyo oya kuthi uqinisekise ukuba i-inshurensi ibonisa ngokwaneleyo utyalo-mali lwemali kunye nelahleko enokwenzeka.

Ukuguquguquka kwexabiso lotshintshiselwano lwemali kunye neentlawulo ezongezelelweyo ezifana neentlawulo okanye iirhafu zinokuchaphazela ukumiselwa kwexabiso le-inshorensi. 

Izinto eziphembelela iindleko ze-inshurensi yomthwalo

Ezi zinto ziphambili ziya kugqiba ukuba yimalini oyihlawulayo kwi-inshurensi yomthwalo:

Uhlobo lokhuselo

Ukhuseleko olusisiseko lukhusela kwiingozi ezithile, ngelixa imigaqo-nkqubo ebanzi ilungisa imingcipheko eyongezelelekileyo. I-inshurensi yomthwalo obanzi ibiza iipremiyamu eziphezulu kuba igubungela umda obanzi womngcipheko.

Izinto ezithunyelweyo

Uya kuhlawula iipremiyamu eziphezulu ukuba ujongana nexabiso eliphezulu okanye iimpahla ezibuthathaka. I-inshurensi iya kugqiba inqanaba lomngcipheko wakho ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zomthwalo. Zezi:

• Uqhekeko
• Ukonakala
• Imfuno yentengiso

Imbali yelahleko

Inkampani yeinshorensi iya kuphinda ivavanye ukuphindaphindwa kwamabango akho angaphambili. Baza kukujonga njengomxhasi osemngciphekweni omkhulu ukuba irekhodi yakho inamabango rhoqo kwaye usete iipremiyamu eziphezulu kuneqabane lakho elinembali “ethandekayo”.

Indlela yokuthumela ngenqanawa

Uzinzo kwi-geopolitical, iimeko zemozulu, kunye nokuxhaphaka kobusela kuya kumisela inqanaba lomngcipheko wendlela. Uya kuhlawula iipremiyamu eziphezulu ukuba indlela yakho idlula kwimimandla “enobutshaba”. Yiyo loo nto amashishini ethathela ingqalelo le miba ingqalileyo xa ethethathethana ngokhuseleko.

Isicwangciso sakho solawulo lomngcipheko

I-inshurensi yakho iya kuvavanya amanyathelo akho okunciphisa umngcipheko wothutho lwempahla. Iiprothokholi ezichanekileyo zokhuseleko, imigangatho yokupakishwa, kunye nokuthobela ezona ndlela zilungileyo zoshishino ziya kuthoba iprofayile yakho yomngcipheko. Umnikezeli we-inshorensi uya kuhlawulisa iireyithi ze-inshurensi ezifanelekileyo.

Inkqubo yamabango kwi-inshurensi yempahla

Kufuneka ufake ibango lokubamba umthwali onoxanduva. Umboneleli we-inshurensi ofanelekileyo uya kubuyisela ixabiso elipheleleyo ukuba ibango liyaphumelela. Eli xabiso liya kuxhomekeka kwi-invoyisi yorhwebo okanye ixabiso lemarike. I-inshurensi iya kuthi emva koko ibambe umnikezeli uxanduva lweendleko ezifanelekileyo.  

Indlela yokufaka ibango kwi-inshurensi yempahla

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale inkqubo yamabango, uya kufuna la maxwebhu alandelayo axhasayo:

• Isiqinisekiso soqobo sepolisi
• Uluhlu lokupakisha kunye nee-invoyisi
• Ityala lempahla yokuqala
• Ingxelo yophando okanye obunye ubungqina bomonakalo okanye ilahleko
• Irekhodi yomthengisi we-stowage okanye i-akhawunti yokufika

Nje ukuba ezi zilungile, uya kuqhubela phambili kwinkqubo yolungiso lwebango olulandelayo:

Isaziso ngelahleko

Isinyathelo sokuqala sibandakanya ukwazisa umboneleli wakho we-inshurensi malunga nesiganeko esinokudala ibango. Yenza oku ngokukhawuleza emva kwesiganeko esibi. Isaziso kufuneka siquke ulwazi olufanelekileyo olunje:

• Ixesha kunye nomhla wesiganeko
• Indawo
• Ubume belahleko okanye umonakalo

Amaxwebhu kunye novavanyo

Emva kokwazisa i-inshurensi, uya kungenisa amaxwebhu afanelekileyo ovavanyo lomonakalo. Amaxwebhu akho kufuneka achanekile kwaye acokiseke ukwenza imeko eyomeleleyo.

Uvavanyo kunye novavanyo

I-inshurensi iya kutyumba umphandi ukuba ahlolisise iimeko zesiganeko kunye nobungakanani bomonakalo okanye ilahleko. Baza kudala ingxelo ezimeleyo eqinisekisa ibango loncedo.

Uphononongo lwebango

Isebe lamabango enkampani ye-inshorensi liya kuthelekisa ubungqina obungenisileyo kunye nengxelo yomhloli. Ezi ngcali ziya kubeka zonke ezi nyaniso ngokuchasene nemigaqo nemiqathango yomgaqo-nkqubo. Ukuba ibango lakho lisemthethweni kwaye liphakathi kwezikhokelo zokhuseleko, baya kubala imbuyekezo oyifaneleyo.

Ukunikezelwa kolungiso kunye nothethathethwano

I-inshorensi yakho iya kuthi ke ikunike isithembiso solungiso kunye nemiqathango yolungiso. Ukuba awanelisekanga sisinikezelo, ungathethathethana ngesivumelwano esamkelekileyo. 

Ukugqitywa kwentlawulo kunye nebango

Ukuba uyalwamkela unikezelo, umkhuseli wakho uya kwenza imbuyekezo ngesixa ekuvunyelwene ngaso. Ibango lilungiswa emva kokuba bakuhlawule kwaye uwagqibile amaphepha ayimfuneko.

Ixesha elimiselweyo lokuhlawulwa kwamabango

Amabango e-inshurensi ye-Cargo ayahluka, kwaye yonke le nkqubo ayinaxesha eliqhelekileyo. Ngokubanzi, kusenokufuneka ulinde phakathi kweentsuku ezingama-30 nezingama-60.

Ixesha elichithwe ekusonjululweni kothethathethwano liya kuxhomekeka kubunzima bebango kunye nobukhulu. Nangona kunjalo, imali iya kuthatha ngaphantsi kweveki ukufikelela kwi-akhawunti yakho emva kokuvumelana malunga nokuhlawulwa ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukukhutshwa okuqhelekileyo kwipolisi ye-inshurensi yempahla

I-inshurensi yempahla inokukukhusela kwilahleko yemali evela kuluhlu olubanzi lweengozi zokuhamba. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka wazi izinto ezininzi ezingabandakanywa kwi-inshurensi.

Yintoni engafihlwayo?

Iinkampani ze-inshorensi aziyi kuhlawula oku kungabandakanywayo kulandelayo. Uninzi lwezi lucinga ukuba luthinteleka ngokulula ngocwangciso olululo kunye nokuthobela ezona zenzo zilungileyo.

Ubugwenxa bendalo

Eli gama libhekisa kumonakalo oboniweyo okanye ilahleko yeempahla zokuhamba. I-inshorensi yempahla ayiquki nawuphi na umonakalo ngenxa yobume bemveliso. 

Isiphene esifihlakeleyo

Ababoneleli be-inshurensi abayifaki imiba yemveliso engayi kuphawuleka ngexesha lokuhlolwa. Abawubuyiseli umonakalo owenziwe kumgangatho wempahla.  

Ilahleko ebangelwa kukupakishwa okungafanelekanga

Imithetho ye-inshurensi yomthwalo ifuna umthumeli wakho ukuba akhusele imithwalo ngokufanelekileyo esebenzisa ilungelo iindlela zokupakisha. I-inshorensi yakho ayiyi kuhlawula ukuba umonakalo ubangelwe kukukrazula okungafanelekanga okanye ukusonga.

Ukuziphatha kakubi ngabom

Oku kukhutshelwa ngaphandle kwe-inshorensi ikhusela abathumeli kunye nabathwali ekuziphatheni kakubi ngabom kwamaqela afakwe kwi-inshorensi. Ii-inshorensi azibabuyekezi abantu abaziphatha kakubi ngabom okanye izenzo zobuqhophololo.

Ukunqongophala okanye ilahleko engachazwanga

I-inshurensi yempahla ayibandakanyi ilahleko engachazwanga eyenzeka kwisithuthi sakho. Uya kujongana nomthwalo wemali ukuba iimpahla ziyanyamalala emotweni yakho.

Ukuqonda imigaqo yomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokungabandakanywa

Kuyaqondakala ukuba, awukwazi ukungena kwisivumelwano apho unolwazi olulinganiselweyo. Ke, funda ushicilelo olucokisekileyo ngokucokisekileyo ukuze ufumane ulwazi malunga nemiqathango, iimeko kunye nemida ye-inshurensi yomthwalo wakho.

Imigaqo nemiqathango inika ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nemingcipheko esebenzayo kunye nokungabandakanywa. Uya kufunda kwakhona iimeko ezithile ezinokuchaphazela ukunyaniseka kwebango lakho. Ukuphonononga ngononophelo olu xwebhu kuya kubonelela ngengqiqo ebanzi yamalungelo kunye nezibophelelo zakho.

Zonke ezi ngcamango zibalulekile ukuba ufuna ukwenza ibango elinamandla. Iinkcukacha zichaphazela ngqo umphumo wetyala lakho. Yiyo loo nto abanini bamashishini abanolwazi bebeka phambili ukufunda nokuqonda imigaqo nemiqathango. 

Iingcebiso zokukhetha i-inshurensi yempahla efanelekileyo

I-inshurensi ye-Cargo lolona khuselo lubalaseleyo kumonakalo kunye nelahleko kwizinto zakho zokuhamba. Kodwa ababoneleli bayahluka, kwaye iminikelo enkulu inokudida. Nangona kunjalo, awufuni ukwenza ukhetho olungalunganga.

Iingqwalasela xa ukhangela umboneleli we-inshurensi yempahla

Jonga ezi zalathisi ziphambili zilandelayo xa uthelekisa ababoneleli beinshorensi:

Ubukho bomboneleli

Umboneleli wakho we-inshurensi yempahla kufuneka akwazi ukuhlawula amabango kwilizwe oya kulo. Funda imigaqo nemiqathango yomgaqo-nkqubo kwaye uqinisekise ukuba inkampani ebhala phantsi iyasebenza na kwilizwe lakho.

Iindleko zepremiyamu

Thelekisa iipremiyamu zeinshorensi kunye neminikelo evela kwii-inshurensi ezininzi kwaye ubonise ireyithi yokhuphiswano. Ziphephe iipremiyamu eziphantsi kakhulu kuba uninzi luneendleko ezifihlakeleyo kunye nokhuseleko lwaneleyo.

Imida yokhuseleko

Iipremiyamu eziphezulu ziza nemida yokhuseleko olukhulu. Ngokusisiseko, yiya kumda wokhuseleko onengqiqo kubume beshishini lakho, uhlobo lomthwalo, kunye nenqanaba lomngcipheko wendlela.

Ukutsalwa

Qinisekisa uxanduva lwakho olutsalwayo xa ufaka ibango. Soloko uthethathethana malunga neemali ezitsalwayo ezisezantsi njengoko ziqinisekisa iipremiyamu ezisezantsi.

Isidima se-inshurensi

Uphando oluncinci lunokuhamba umgama omde. Fumana igama lenkampani ye-inshurensi kunye nokuzinza kwemali. Uphononongo lwe-Intanethi lunokubonelela ngamagqabantshintshi axabisekileyo.

Ukwenza umgaqo-nkqubo ungqinelane neemfuno zeshishini

Ishishini lakho likhula yonke imihla, kwaye iimfuno zakho zokhuseleko ziya kuqhubela phambili ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ke ngoko, kuya kufuneka ukhethe i-inshurensi ebhetyebhetye ngokwaneleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba u-inshorensiwe ngokwaneleyo.

I-inshurensi yakho kufuneka ibonelele ngeminikelo enokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ezinokuhambelana neemfuno zakho ezizodwa. Iiphakheji eziguquguqukayo zinokukunceda ufanise i-inshurensi yomthwalo ekukhuleni kweshishini lakho. 

Ukuqukumbela: Ukutyhilwa kwe-dynamics ye-inshurensi yempahla

I-inshurensi yempahla likhaka lakho elixabiseke kakhulu ukuba uyinxalenye yorhwebo lwehlabathi. Ukhuselo luqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemali ngokuchasene nokujika okungalindelekanga kunye nokujika kwezothutho. Lo mnatha wokhuseleko uvumela ishishini lakho ukuba lihambe ngeelwandle kunye nesibhakabhaka sorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngokuzithemba.

Ukuvula amandla apheleleyo e-inshurensi yempahla kuya kuxhomekeka kukhetho lwakho lomnikezeli we-inshurensi. Kodwa okona kubaluleke kakhulu, kufuneka ufunde kwaye uqonde imigaqo kunye neemeko zokugubungela.