uluhlu lwamagama

Umthumeli wenqanawa ngumntu othumela iimpahla kwaye asayine isivumelwano sokuhamba kunye nomthuthi egameni lomntu okanye egameni lakhe kumaxwebhu omthwalo.

I-house bill of lading (HBL) kukuvuma ukufunyanwa kwempahla ekhutshwe ngumthumeli wempahla okanye inkampani engasebenziyo (NVOCC).

I-bill of lading (OBL) yinkontileka yokuthwala, ephindwe kabini njengesihloko somthwalo kunye nerisithi yomthwali wempahla.

Umthwalo okhutshwayo luhlobo lomthwalo ongekhoyo kwaye umthwalo ukhutshwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo.

I-master air waybill (MAWB) luxwebhu lwezothutho lomthwalo womoya oluneenkcukacha zemigaqo yokuhanjiswa ekhutshwe ngumthuthi wempahla yomoya okanye iarhente yakhe.

I-housebill yomoya wendlu (HAWB) luxwebhu lothutho lomthwalo womoya olukhutshwe ngabahambisi bempahla ngendlela yendalo yendlela yendlela yendalo yomoya kunye neenkcukacha zokuhanjiswa.

Isaziso sokufika luxwebhu oluthunyelwe kwiqela lokwazisa ukwazisa ngomhla wokufika komthwalo. Ikhutshwa ngumthumeli wempahla olwandle, umthuthi wempahla, okanye iarhente.

Uluhlu lokupakisha luxwebhu lwesibhengezo sesiqhelo kunye noluhlu lothutho ngalunye lweepakethe ezicacisiweyo ngamnye ngokobunzima, ubungakanani, kunye nobungakanani.

I-CFS (isikhululo somgodlo wempahla) yindawo yokugcina impahla apho ukuhlanganiswa kwempahla kwenzeka khona.

I-Incoterms® yimigaqo yorhwebo ephuhliswe yi-International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) ukucacisa iinkcukacha kwiikontraka zorhwebo zokuhanjiswa kwempahla yehlabathi.

Inqwelo ehlawulwayo ku (CPT) yi-incoterm ebhekiselele ekuhanjisweni kwempahla ngeendleko zomthengisi kumthuthi okanye nabani na otyunjwe ngumthengisi.

Ikhareji kunye ne-Inshurensi ehlawulwayo ku-(CIP) yi-incoterm apho umthengisi ahlawulela imithwalo kunye neendleko ze-inshorensi ukuya kwindawo yeqela elichongiweyo.

I-invoyisi yorhwebo luxwebhu oluchaza imali kunye nobungakanani bempahla ethunyelweyo ngeenjongo zokubhengezwa kwamasiko kunye noluhlu lokupakisha.

Umrhwebi werekhodi (IOR) ngumntu okanye iqumrhu elijongene nokufaka amaphepha kunye nokwenza iintlawulo kwizithethe.

Umthumeli werekhodi (EOR) unoxanduva lokulungiselela amaxwebhu achanekileyo ukuze ahambelane nemigaqo efunekayo yokuthumela ngaphandle.