Ukukhetha ezona ziThuthi zeTV ziBalaseleyo ngo-2025

Usasazo lukamabonakude lubalulekile ekuziseni amava kamabonakude eluntwini, kwaye olu tshintsho lubalulekileyo lwenziwa lwenzeke ikakhulu ngobuchwepheshe bosasazo lukamabonakude. Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ujonge ukuba yintoni isisasazo sikamabonwakude, amandla ayo kwintengiso yehlabathi, kunye nendlela yokukhetha ii-transmitter eziya kuthandwa ngabathengi bakho ngo-2025.

Isiqulatho
Abasasazi beTV kunye namandla abo entengiso yehlabathi jikelele
Ukukhetha i-TV efanelekileyo yokuhambisa ukuthengisa
Ii-TV ezisasaza amaqela ahlukeneyo abasebenzisi
    Izithuthi zikamabonwakude ezinamandla aphantsi
    Izisasazi zikamabonwakude ezinamandla aphakathi
    Izithuthi zikamabonakude ezinamandla aphezulu
Umgca osezantsi

Abasasazi beTV kunye namandla abo entengiso yehlabathi jikelele

Iyonke inkqubo yosasazo lukamabonakude inokuba nde kwaye intsonkothe, ingaquki kuphela ijargon yobugcisa kunye nezixhobo kodwa nolwazi olubalulekileyo lwenkqubo yosasazo kamabonakude iyonke. Umzekelo, iisistim zokusasaza zikamabonakude, i-eriyali yeTV yangaphandle, i-eriyali yeTV yangaphakathi, kunye ne-eriyali eyandisiweyo, okanye iinqaba zokuhambisa iTV ziphakathi kwezixhobo eziqhelekileyo ezifumaneka kwiiseti zosasazo. Njengomthengisi, masigxininise kwizinto ezisisiseko kunye nokuba yintoni enokwenziwa sisixhobo sokuhambisa umabonakude ngokufanelekileyo.

Iseti yezixhobo zokusasaza zikamabonakude zisebenza njengezixhobo zonxibelelwano ezisasaza zombini imiqondiso yesandi kunye nevidiyo ukusuka kwisikhululo sosasazo lukamabonakude ukuya koomabonakude ekhaya nakumashishini, zincediswa ziintlobo ze-eriyali ezifanelekileyo ngokuxhomekeke kukhuselo olufunekayo. Oku kubandakanya ii-eriyali zeTV zangaphakathi zeendawo ezincinci, ezivaliweyo kunye nee-eriyali zeTV zangaphandle zokhuselo olubanzi, oluvulekileyo.

Njengazo zonke ezinye iitekhnoloji zosasazo, abasasazi beTV baqale njengezixhobo ze-analog kodwa ngoku baguqukele kwiinguqulelo zedijithali zokuphucula umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Nokuba yidijithali okanye Isidlulisi seTV ye-analog, iindima zabo eziphambili kukuhlala kumodareyitha, ukukhulisa, kunye nokuhambisa imiqondiso yeaudio kunye nevidiyo ukusuka kwisikhululo sosasazo ukuya kwiiseti zikamabonwakude ngamnye.

Abasasazi beDijithali beTV, nangona kunjalo, faka inyathelo elongezelelweyo le-encoding yedijithali kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwenkqubo yokumodareyitha okusemgangathweni, njengoko iimpawu zevidiyo kunye nesandi kufuneka ziqale ziguqulelwe kwiifomathi zedijithali kwaye zixinzelelwe ngaphambi kokuba zihanjiswe ngokufanelekileyo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba, nangona kunjalo, ii-TV zesathelayithi zedijithali, ezisebenzisa ikakhulu izitya zesathelayithi njengezixhobo zokusasaza, azifani ncam nezisasazo zikamabonakude wedijithali. Oku kungenxa yokuba ii-TV zesathelayithi zedijithali zixhomekeke kwiibhendi zamaza ohlukeneyo kunye nobuchwepheshe besathelayithi, zibenza bahluke kwii-TV ezisemhlabeni.

Isiphumo sokugqibela sokwamkela ii-TV zedijithali kwi-analog transmitters kukukwazi ukuhambisa amajelo amaninzi akhoyo kwi-high-definition (HD) ngaphakathi koluhlu lwamafrikhwensi afanayo, ukuhambisa ngokucacileyo ngakumbi, imiqondiso yedijithali ekhuselweyo ekuphazamisekeni kubaphulaphuli. Umxholo we-HD wenziwa ukuba kwenzeke ngokunyanzeliswa kunye nokusetyenzwa kwedijithali kwii-transmitter zedijithali, isakhono apho iinkqubo ze-analog zizabalazela ukufezekisa ngenxa yemida yazo ye-bandwidth.

Ngapha koko, imfuno ekhulayo yazo zombini i-HD kunye ne-ultra-high-definition (UHD) umxholo wamkelwa ngokubanzi njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuqhubeni ukukhula kwemarike yosasazo yeTV yehlabathi. Iingxelo ezimbini zemizi-mveliso zigqibe kwelokuba imakethi yosasazo lukamabonakude kwihlabathi liphela kulindeleke ukuba ikhule ngokuthe chu ngesantya sokukhula sonyaka (CAGR) se-2.3%.

The ingxelo yokuqala Kuqikelelwa ukuba imakethi, exabisa i-US $ 627.5 yezigidi ngo-2020, iya kufikelela kwi-US $ 737.1 yezigidi ngo-2027 ngexesha loqikelelo ukusuka ngo-2020 ukuya ku-2027. enye ingxelo Ukukhula okuqikelelweyo ukusuka kwi-US $ 643.1 yezigidi ngo-2023 ukuya kwi-US $ 755.5 yezigidi ngo-2030, kwisithuba seminyaka esixhenxe yoqikelelo. La manani abonisa ngokucacileyo ukuzithemba kwemarike kwindima eyandayo kunye nokufaneleka kobuchwephesha bosasazo lukamabonakude wedijithali kwihlabathi elisebenza ngokukhawuleza kwidijithali.

Ukukhetha i-TV efanelekileyo yokuhambisa ukuthengisa

Ngokufanayo nezinye iimveliso zosasazo, ukufumana isisasazo sikamabonwakude esifanelekileyo ukuba sithengiswe kuxhomekeke kakhulu kumacandelo ekujoliswe kuwo abathengisi abajonge ukufikelela kuwo. Kwimakethi yosasazo lweTV, amacandelo ekujoliswe kuwo abathengi anxulunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo nezinto ezintathu eziphambili: iindleko kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, indawo yokugubungela, kunye nofakelo kunye neemfuno zogcino lwexesha elide.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, abasebenzisi bokugqibela bafuna izisombululo zokhuselo olulinganiselweyo kuphela, olufana nosasazo loluntu okanye usasazo lweTV lwengingqi oluncinci, ngokubanzi banohlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluphantsi. Ngeli xesha, abo bafuna ukuhanjiswa okukumgangatho ophakathi kwindawo ethile yosasazo bahlala bexhaswa luhlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluninzi. Ngoko, phambili, ii-TV ezisasaza ixesha elide ezineemfuno eziphezulu zohlahlo lwabiwo-mali zifanelekile ngokubanzi kumaziko osasazo oluntu okanye amacandelo okwamkela iindwendwe eziphambili ezijolise ekufikeleleni kubaphulaphuli ababanzi nabahlukeneyo.

Ngaphaya koko, ukuntsonkotha kofakelo kunye neemfuno eziqhubekayo zokulondolozwa, kunye neemfuno zolawulo kunye neelayisensi, zithande ukunyuka kunye nobugocigoci bosasazo lweTV. Iimveliso zokusasaza zikamabonwakude ezineenkqubo zofakelo oluthe ngqo, ngakumbi uyilo lweplagi kunye nokudlala, phantse zisoloko zamkelwa ngabasebenzisi abasasazi abancinci beTV, njengamaziko emfundo, iihotele, kunye neeofisi zeshishini. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ii-TV zedijithali ezinamandla aphezulu kunye nezidluliseli zesathelayithi zihlala zifuna ukuntsonkotha ngakumbi, ukufakelwa kobugcisa kunye nokugcinwa, ngoko ke zifaneleke ngakumbi kumaziko osasazo amakhulu.

Ii-TV ezisasaza amaqela ahlukeneyo abasebenzisi

Izithuthi zikamabonwakude ezinamandla aphantsi

Izithuthi zikamabonwakude ezinamandla aphantsi ziyilelwe ngokukodwa inkonzo kamabonakude waMandla aPhantsi (LPTV), echazwa yi IKomishini yoNxibelelwano ye-Federal (FCC) "njengosasazo lukamabonakude olujoliswe ekuhlaleni." Ngamanye amazwi, ezi zisasazo zilulungele kakuhle usasazo loluntu ngaphakathi kweendawo ezincinci, zilungele izakhiwo ezithile, amaziko emfundo, iikhampasi, izibhedlele, okanye iindawo zokuhlala. Endaweni yokujolisa kusasazo lukawonke-wonke olubanzi, abasasazo be-TV abanamandla aphantsi benzelwe abantu abaqulathiweyo, abagxile kubaphulaphuli, abagubungela uluhlu lwamandla oluqhelekileyo lwe-100W ukuya kuma-600W ngoluhlu olulinganiselweyo losasazo.

Kukwafanelekile ukuvuma ukuba nangona amandla asezantsi aphuma kwezi zithutha, bahlala bebonisa ubuchule obuphezulu bezobuchwepheshe, kubandakanya ukuhambelana kwe-ATSC 3.0 kunye nemodyuli, ngelixa bexhasa imigangatho yedijithali eyaziwayo kumazwe ngamazwe njenge-ATSC 3.0, DVB-T/T2, kunye ne-ISDB-T.

Eyona nto iphawuleka ngakumbi ngolu hlobo lwesixhobo kukuba endaweni yokuba noseto olubanzi losasazo olufana nezo zisetyenziswa kwizikhululo zosasazo ezisebenza ngokuzeleyo okanye iinkqubo zamandla aphezulu (ezihlala zifuna izixhobo ezininzi ezinikezelweyo, ezinjengeemodyuli ezahlukeneyo, iiamplifiers, njalo njalo), iinkqubo zokusasaza umabonwakude ezinamandla aphantsi zinokuhlanganisa le misebenzi ibe yimbinana okanye iyunithi enye. Ngenxa yoko, ezi zithuthi zijolise ngokukodwa kwimakethi ye-LPTV, ngoyilo olulungelelanisiweyo olwaneleyo ngokubanzi, olusebenzayo, kwaye lufumaneka ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu.

Izisasazi zikamabonwakude ezinamandla aphakathi

Izisasazi zikamabonwakude ezinamandla aphakathi zifumaneka kancinci emarikeni, ngakumbi xa zithelekiswa namandla aphantsi kunye nezidlulisi zamandla aphezulu. Owona mahluko ubalulekileyo ngowokuba abanye abavelisi bayayigqitha imveliso yolu luhlu ngokupheleleyo, beyibona njengomahluko omncinci ukusuka kwezinye iimodeli ezimbini.

Ngokubhekiselele kwi-coverage, abathumeli bamandla aphakathi basebenza ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphakathi koluhlu lwamandla oluyi-1.2kW ukuya kwi-4.5kW, ngokuxhomekeke kwimigangatho yedijithali esetyenziswayo, efana ne-ATSC, ATSC 3.0, DVB-T, okanye ISDB-T. Esi siphumo siphezulu samandla sibonelela ngokufikelela kumgama omde kunezisasazo ze-LPTV, okubavumela ukuba bakhonze izikhululo zasekuhlaleni okanye izikhululo zikamabonakude zoluntu kwiidolophu okanye izixeko ezininzi. Ngenxa yoko, ezi zisasazo zamandla aphakathi zibonwa zifanelekile kusasazo lwesixeko okanye ingingqi, zinika amandla awoneleyo kunye namandla omqondiso owomeleleyo ukugubungela abaphulaphuli abaphakathi.

Ibekwe phakathi kwamandla aphantsi kunye nokhetho lwamandla aphezulu, ii-TV ezihambisa amandla aphakathi zihlala zinesuti epheleleyo yamacandelo othumelo, kubandakanya iimodyuli ezahlukeneyo, ii-amplifiers, kunye neekhowudi. Nangona kunjalo, ngokubanzi banikezela ngeendlela ezimbalwa zokwenza ngokwezifiso kunye nokuguquguquka okuncinci kuneenkqubo zamandla aphezulu.

Izithuthi zikamabonakude ezinamandla aphezulu

Ukusukela ukuba amandla osasazo lukamabonwakude anamandla, kokukhona anamandla osasazo lwawo, nto leyo ethetha indawo ebanzi kakhulu—ii-TV ezisasaza amandla aphezulu ngokwendalo ziyilelwe imibutho emikhulu okanye izicelo ezifuna ukufikelela kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto izikhululo zosasazo ezinamandla amakhulu kunye nenkonzo epheleleyo zifuna ukusetwa kosasazo olubanzi, rhoqo kubandakanya iiseti ezipheleleyo zezixhobo zothumelo, kunye necandelo ngalinye elinikezelwe ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho womqondiso owomeleleyo kunye nokungena ukuze kufikeleleke ngokubanzi.

Umzekelo, useto lokuhambisa amandla aphezulu rhoqo lubandakanya iimodyuli ezizimeleyo ukuguqula isiginali ye-baseband ibe yifrikhwensi efunwayo yokuhanjiswa. Kwakhona banama-amplifiers ahlukeneyo ukunyusa amandla omqondiso wokusasaza, kunye ne-encoders kunye ne-exciters ukuguqula iimpawu zomsindo kunye nevidiyo kwiifomathi zedijithali ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi njenge-MPEG okanye i-H.264.

Yiyo loo nto eneneni, nanini na abathengisi bebhekisa koosasazo beTV abanamandla amakhulu, bahlala bethetha ngeseti epheleleyo. Izixhobo zokusasaza zikamabonakude igcinwe ngaphakathi kweeyunithi ezifakwe kwi-rack, ezifana "neeseva" ezahlukeneyo zekhompyuter kodwa zisebenza njenge inkqubo yosasazo edibeneyo. Onke amacandelo athengiswa ngokubanzi kwaye apakishwe kunye, enza inkqubo yokuhambisa enye enamalungu amaninzi akhethekileyo asebenza kwi-tandem.

Ngenxa yesakhono sabo esinamandla esisusela kwi-3kW ukuya kwi-11kW ngomgangatho omnye we-19'' rack, izisasazi ze-TV ezinamandla amakhulu zinokugubungela iindawo ezinkulu kwaye zifanele usasazo lwesizwe okanye lwengingqi. Olu khuselo lubanzi lufanelekile kubasasazo bakawonke-wonke abafuna ukufikelela kubaphulaphuli ababanzi, abohlukeneyo kwiindawo ezibanzi zejografi, kuquka imimandla yasezidolophini, izixeko ezininzi, okanye ukunqumla imida yelizwe.

Umgca osezantsi

Usasazo lukamabonakude lubalulekile kulo naluphi na ulungiselelo losasazo lukamabonakude. Kanye njengokuba ukhetho lwe-eriyali ye-TV efanelekileyo lunokuba nefuthe elithe ngqo kumgangatho wokwamkela inkqubo yeTV, usasazo lweTV olusebenzayo luqala ngokukhethwa kwezona zisasazo zeTV ezifanelekileyo. Abadlulisi beTV beDijithali ngoku bakumgangatho weshishini lehlabathi, ngokuthe ngcembe batshintsha ii-analog transmitters ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kwabo kunye nobuchule babo ekuxhaseni ukuhanjiswa kwamajelo amaninzi kunye neempawu zokuphindaphinda ezivumela ukuthembeka HD kunye nokuhanjiswa komxholo we-UHD.

Ummandla ogubungelayo, unyino lohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, ukufakela, kunye neemfuneko zokulondolozwa kwexesha elide zezona zinto zintathu ziphambili abathengisi abafanele bazihlole ngocoselelo xa bekhetha oomatshini bosasazo bakamabonwakude abaza kuthengisa. Ezi ngqwalasela zibotshelelwe ngokusondeleyo kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zamacandelo ahlukeneyo abathengi. Amandla aphantsi, amandla aphakathi, kunye namandla aphezulu osasazo lukamabonakude wedijithali zezona ndidi ziphambili zijongana neemfuno zabathengi namaqela abasebenzisi; abathengisi kufuneka bakhethe ngononophelo ukuhlangabezana nezi mfuno zikhethekileyo ngokufanelekileyo.

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