Ngokutshintsha kwemozulu ibe yinyani engxamisekileyo, amashishini atshintshile indlela ajongana ngayo nobuchwephesha bemihla ngemihla, kubandakanya nezo zisetyenziswa kwifriji kunye nokupholisa. Nje ngeziphumo, Iinkqubo ze-CO2 zefriji ziye zavela njengezinye iindlela ezisebenzayo nezizinzileyo kwifriji yesintu, ezisebenzisa izikhenkcisi zokwenziwa ezifana nee-hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) eziziirhasi ezinamandla zegreenhouse kunye nexabiso eliphezulu lokufudumeza kwehlabathi (GWP) kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-CO2 yifriji yendalo ebonakaliswe yimpembelelo ephantsi yokusingqongileyo, uluhlu olubanzi lwamaqondo obushushu okusebenza, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. Oku kukhokelele ekwamkelweni okwandisiweyo kweenkqubo zesikhenkcisi se-CO2 ukuze zisetyenziswe kurhwebo nakwimizi-mveliso. Umzekelo, phantse 25% kwiivenkile zokutya eYurophu, malunga neevenkile ezingama-65,000, zisebenzisa itekhnoloji yesikhenkcisi seCO2. Oku kubonisa ukwanda okubonakalayo kwi Iivenkile ze-30,000 esebenzise iinkqubo zesikhenkcisi ze-CO2 ngo-2019 kwihlabathi liphela.
Ngoko ke le bhlog inikezela ngengqiqo ephambili kwizixhobo zefriji ze-CO2 kubathengisi, kwaye iphonononga ukuba ingaba yinkqubo yokupholisa ethembisayo kakhulu kwishishini.
Isiqulatho
Yintoni inkqubo yefriji yeCO2?
Imarike yehlabathi yezixhobo zefriji ye-CO2
Ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zefriji ye-CO2
Itekhnoloji exhasa ukwamkelwa kwefriji ye-CO2
Izibonelelo ze-CO2 yefriji
isiphelo
Yintoni inkqubo yefriji yeCO2?
A CO2 ifriji Inkqubo sisixhobo esilungele ukuphilisana kwendalo esisebenzisa ikharbon diokside (CO2) kwinkqubo yokupholisa endaweni yeefriji zokwenziwa ezifana nee-HFCs ezisetyenziswa kwiiyunithi zesikhenkcisi esiqhelekileyo. I-CO2, okanye i-R-744, yifriji yendalo efumaneka kwi-atmosphere kunye ne-GWP ye-1 kunye ne-zero ye-ozone yokunciphisa amandla (ODP). Kananjalo ayinayo ityhefu, ayinakutsha, ayinavumba, ayinambala, kwaye ayinancasa. Inkqubo yefriji ye-CO2 iquka amacandelo ahlukeneyo, kuquka i-compressor, i-condenser, i-valve yokwandisa, kunye ne-evaporator.
Icompressor yinxalenye ebalulekileyo esetyenziselwa ukunyusa uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu begesi esebenzayo, ebangela ukuba umjikelo wefriji. I-high-temperature, i-high-pressure gas esuka kwi-compressor iguqulwa ibe yindawo yolwelo kwi-condenser. Kule nxalenye, inkqubo ithatha kwaye ikhuphe igesi ecinezelweyo, ebonisa amandla ayo okugcina indawo epholileyo. Ifriji ishiya i-condenser njenge-high-pressure, i-low-temperature liquid kwaye idluliselwe kwi-valve yokwandisa.
Ivalve yokwandisa inciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-CO2 yolwelo, inciphisa ubushushu bayo. Ukongeza, ukuhla koxinzelelo kubangela ukuba enye ye-CO2 ibile ngokukhawuleza, iguqule ibe ngumxube womphunga kunye nolwelo. Ifriji ke ingena kwi-evaporator njengobushushu obuphantsi, umxube ophantsi woxinzelelo lwe-CO2 wolwelo-umphunga. Ipholisa umoya kwindawo eyingqongileyo ngokufunxa ubushushu, ngaloo ndlela ikhuphe umphunga kwaye ijike ibe yigesi yoxinzelelo oluphantsi kwaye igqibezele umjikelo.
Imarike yehlabathi yezixhobo zefriji ye-CO2
Iinkampani ezininzi kwihlabathi liphela zitshintshela kwiinkqubo zesikhenkcisi ze-CO2, ezikhokelela ekwandeni kokuthandwa kunye nemfuno. Ngo-2023, ubungakanani bentengiso ye-CO2 ebhaliweyo yaqikelelwa I-US $ 48.52 yezigidigidi. Kuqikelelwa ukuba iya kufikelela kwi-140.93 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2030, ikhula ngesantya sokukhula sonyaka esihlanganisiweyo (CAGR) se-16.5%.
IYurophu, uMntla Melika, kunye neJapan benza eyona marike inkulu yezixhobo zesikhenkcisi seCO2. Njengemakethi ekhokelayo, iYurophu inomlinganiselo Iivenkile ze-68,500 abasebenzisa iisistim zefriji ze-CO2, apho i-60000 ineenkqubo zokubeka i-centralized (iivenkile) kunye ne-8500 zineeyunithi zokunciphisa i-CO2 (iindawo zamashishini). IJapan ineevenkile ezimalunga nama-8385 kunye neendawo zemizi-mveliso ezingama-400 ezixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo ezibhaliweyo zeCO2. INorth America ineevenkile ezingama-2930 kunye neendawo ezingama-498 zoshishino ezisebenzisa iteknoloji yesikhenkcisi seCO2.
Izinto ezahlukeneyo eziqhuba imfuno ekhulayo yeeyunithi zesikhenkcisi seCO2, kubandakanya:
- Imithetho engqongqo karhulumente ethintela ukusetyenziswa kweefriji ze-HFC kunye nokuphunyezwa kweeshedyuli ezijoliswe ekunciphiseni ukuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweefriji ze-HFC. Umzekelo, uMthetho we-American Innovation and Manufacturing Act ka-2020 (AIM Act) ufuna ukunciphisa i-HFC ukuze 60% yamanqanaba esiseko ngo-2024.
- Utshintsho oluqhubekayo lwehlabathi ukuya kubuchwepheshe obuzinzileyo bendalo njengoko iinkampani zifuna ukunciphisa indawo yazo yekhabhoni.
- Inkqubela phambili kwezeteknoloji kwi izixhobo ezibhalwe CO2, ezikhokelele ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo, ulawulo olungcono, kunye nokuphuculwa kweempawu zokhuseleko.
Ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zefriji ye-CO2
Iinkqubo zesikhenkcisi zeCO2 zisetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo kunye noseto, kubandakanya:
- Iisetingi zemizimveliso ezifana nokulungiswa kokutya, amayeza, kunye nokuvelisa, kwiinkqubo zokupholisa kunye nezixhobo
- Ifriji yorhwebo, kubandakanya iivenkile ezinkulu, iivenkile eziluncedo, iindawo zokutyela, kunye nezinye iindawo ezithengisa ukutya.
- Ukugcinwa okubandayo kunye nokugcinwa kwempahla, apho ukulawula ubushushu kubalulekile ukugcina umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lweemveliso ezigciniweyo
- Iinkqubo zothutho ezifakwe efrijini kwiilori kunye neetreyila zothutho olukhuselekileyo lweempahla ezinobushushu bobushushu
- Kwiinkqubo zokufudumeza, umoya, kunye ne-air conditioning (HVAC) ukunciphisa iimpembelelo zabo zokusingqongileyo
Itekhnoloji exhasa ukwamkelwa kwefriji ye-CO2
Itekhnoloji esetyenziswa kwi CO2 ifriji iiyunithi ziqhubeka nokuvela, okwenza ukuba abavelisi benze izixhobo ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye neendleko ezifanelekileyo. Oku kunokubandakanya:
Iinkqubo ezingaphantsi kunye ne-transcritical CO2
Iinkqubo zefriji ze-CO2 zinokusebenza kwimijikelezo engaphantsi okanye ebhaliweyo. Iinkqubo ze-subcritical zisebenza ngaphantsi kwendawo ebalulekileyo ye-CO2 (31.1 ℃ kunye ne-7.37 MPa, ngenxa yokushisa kunye noxinzelelo, ngokulandelanayo), ngelixa iinkqubo ze-transcritical zisebenza ngaphezu kweli nqaku. Ukhetho phakathi komjikelo we-subcritical kunye ne-transcritical kuxhomekeke kwisicelo esithile kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo. Ngokomzekelo, imijikelezo ebhaliweyo ifanelekile kwiimeko zokuthengisa apho iifriji zendalo zisetyenziselwa kwiinkqubo ze-booster.
Iimpawu zokhuseleko
Ukhuseleko kwinkqubo yesikhenkcisi lubalulekile. Iiyunithi zefriji ze-CO2 zibandakanya iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zokhuseleko, ezifana nezixhobo zokunciphisa uxinzelelo, iinkqubo zokufumanisa ukuvuza, kunye neendlela zokuvala ngokukhawuleza, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo.
Iinkqubo zolawulo oluphezulu
Iinkqubo ze-CO2 ze-booster transcritical zidibanisa iinkqubo zolawulo oluphezulu ezinceda ukulawula ukuguquguquka kwenkqubo kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-CO2. Ezi nkqubo zolawulo zisetyenziselwa ukubeka iliso kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo ye-CO2 yefriji. Ngokomzekelo, baqinisekisa ulawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, kunye nokuguquguquka kweemeko zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo.
Iinkqubo zokubuyisela amandla
Kwiinkqubo zesikhenkcisi zesikhenkcisi, ubushushu obuveliswa ngexesha lokupholisa buhlala bulahlwa. Oku kwenza ukubuyiswa kobushushu kwaba yinkxalabo enkulu phakathi kwamashishini kunye nabathengi. Ngoko ke, iinkqubo zokubuyisela amandla kwi-CO2 efrijini ukujongana nalo mngeni ngokubonelela ngezisombululo zokubamba nokusebenzisa kwakhona ubushushu obumdaka obuveliswe ngexesha lenkqubo yesikhenkcisi. Le teknoloji iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, kunye nokuzinza.
Izibonelelo ze-CO2 yefriji
Iinkqubo zesikhenkcisi ze-C02 ziguqula ishishini lokupholisa, ngokuthe ngcembe zithabathel’ indawo izixhobo zesikhenkcisi zesiqhelo. Banikezela ngeenzuzo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya:
Ukusebenza kwamandla
I-CO2 inokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-thermodynamic, okukhokelela ekusebenziseni amandla aphantsi. Ukongeza, i-CO2 inobushushu obuphezulu bokukhupha (malunga ne-100 -120 ° C) kuneefriji zendabuko, eziphucula amandla okubuyisela ubushushu, isalathisi sokunyanzeliswa, kunye nokugatywa kobushushu.
Ukusebenza kweendleko
Izixhobo zesikhenkcisi seCO2 zineendleko eziphantsi zogcino kunye neendleko zokusebenza. Umzekelo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla ekugqibeleni kunciphisa iindleko. Ngaphandle koko, uphando olwandisiweyo kunye nophuhliso (R&D) lukhokelele ekwandeni kwemithamo yemveliso kunye nokudityaniswa kwezinto ezintsha ezintsha, ezizise iindleko zenkqubo ukuba zilingane nezo zeenkqubo zesikhenkcisi zeHFC.
Iimpawu zeekhemikhali ezizinzileyo
I-CO2 efrijini ineekhemikhali ezizinzileyo eziqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko ngexesha lokusebenza, njenge-non-toxicity kunye nokungatsha. Ubume bayo obungangeni bunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ayisebenzi kunye nezinye izinto kwi-system yefriji.
Impembelelo ephantsi kwendalo
I-CO2, njengefriji yendalo, ine-GWP ye-1 kunye ne-ODP ye-0, engaphantsi kakhulu kuneefriji zokwenziwa ezifana ne-CFCs kunye ne-HCFCs. Umzekelo, i-R-134 kunye ne-R-404A ine-GWPs ye-1400 kunye ne-3260, ngokulandelanayo. Ezi xabiso ze-GWP zenza i-CO2 ibe yindlela ezinzileyo yokusingqongileyo. Ukongezelela, ininzi ye-CO2 esetyenziselwa ifriji yimveliso yemveliso ekhutshwe kwiifektri. Ngoko ke, ukusetyenziswa kwayo njengefriji kunokuthathwa njengokuphinda kusetyenziswe, ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo.
isiphelo
Iiyunithi zesikhenkcisi seCO2 ziba ziinkqubo ezizezinye zokupholisa, ezithatha indawo yezixhobo zokupholisa zesintu. Ukusuka kwiivenkile ezinkulu ukuya kwiivenkile zokutyela kunye nezityalo zokwenza, iisistim zesikhenkcisi seCO2 ngokuthe ngcembe ziba yeyona ndlela ithandwayo yokupholisa.
Oku kudala ithuba lokuba amashishini angaphumeleli kuphela ukuzinza kokusingqongileyo kodwa ajongane nemfuno ekhulayo yezisombululo ezilungele indalo kwimarike. Ukubonelela ngoomatshini bokupholisa abaziwa ngefuthe labo eliphantsi lokusingqongileyo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigaqo engqongqo yokusingqongileyo kwenza ezi nkampani zikwazi ukuzibeka njengeenkokeli kwimisebenzi enoxanduva.
Ngaphandle kweenzuzo zokusingqongileyo, iinkqubo ze-CO2 zefriji zibonelela ngokusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokugcinwa kweendleko, ezixhamla zombini amashishini kunye nabathengi abajoliswe kuyo.
