Ukuthelekisa i-3-Axis, i-4-Axis, kunye ne-5-Axis CNC Routers

Isiqulatho
Ukuqonda i-3-axis, i-4th-axis, i-4-axis, kunye ne-5-axis ye-CNC umatshini wokuhambisa izixhobo
Ngowuphi umatshini womzila we-CNC ofanelekileyo kuwe?
Zingaphi iizembe ozifunayo?

Ukuthenga ikhithi yerouter ye-CNC kunokubonakala kukhathaza ngeemodeli ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kwimarike. Wazi njani ukuba ufuna i-3-axis, 4-axis, okanye i-5-axis CNC umzila? Yintoni umahluko? AWUKHO wedwa! Yingxaki eqhelekileyo kuye wonke umthengi we-router ye-CNC yokuqala. Funda esi sikhokelo silula ukukunceda uqonde ukuba kuthetha ukuthini konke, kwaye yeyiphi imodeli efanelekileyo kuwe kunye neemfuno zakho.

Ukuqonda i-3-axis, i-4th-axis, i-4-axis, kunye ne-5-axis ye-CNC umatshini wokuhambisa izixhobo

Ezi zezinye zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo oza kuzifumana kwimarike ngoku:

I-5-Axis: XYZAB, XYZAC, XYZBC (I-spindle inokujikelezwa i-180 ° kokubili kwesobunxele nasekunene).

I-4-Axis: XYZA, XYZB, XYZC (4-axis linkage).

I-4th-axis: YZA, XZA (i-3-axis linkage).

I-3-Axis: XYZ (unxibelelwano lwe-3-axis).

I-A, B, okanye i-C ye-axes ihambelana no-X, Y, no-Z iiasi zokujikeleza.

3-Axis CNC oomatshini router

I-3-axis CNC routers lolona hlobo lulula lomatshini kwaye inokuhamba kunye neeasi ezintathu ezahlukeneyo ngexesha elinye, kungoko igama.

Umgca we-X: ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene

I-Y-axis: ngaphambili ukuya ngasemva

Z-axis: phezulu naphantsi

I-3-axis Oomatshini be-router ye-CNC inokuhamba ngeezembe ezintathu ngaxeshanye; i-X-axis, i-Y-axis, kunye ne-Z-axis. Ukusika ecaleni kwe-X-axis kuhambisa i-router bit ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene, ukusika ecaleni kwe-Y-axis kuyihambisa ukusuka ngaphambili ukuya ngasemva, kwaye ukusika ngaphesheya kwe-Z-axis kuyinyusa kwaye isezantsi. Aba matshini basetyenziselwa ukusika isicaba, i-2D, kunye ne-2.5D iinxalenye. Nokuba icwecwe okanye ingqukuva ekroliweyo, kulula ukuyicinga nje njengokukrola okucaba. 

Oomatshini be-router ye-4th-axis CNC

Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa i-axis ejikelezayo yongezwa kwikhithi ye-3-axis ye-CNC yomzila, ebizwa ngokuba yi-A-axis, iba yi-4th rotary axis CNC router. Le yindlela enexabiso eliphantsi yokukuvumela ukuba wenze imisebenzi entsonkothileyo kodwa ayiguquguquki okanye ayisebenzi njengomatshini ofanelekileyo we-4-axis. 

Ke ungayahlula njani ikhithi yerouter ye-4-axis ye-CNC kwi-4th-axis enye? Umzekelo oqhelekileyo we-4-axis CNC umzila uya kuba ngumzobo we-Buddha oqingqiweyo ovela kwintonga emfutshane, ejikelezileyo yokhuni, oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa i-axes ye-4 njengoko i-3D cylindrical carving. I-4th-axis router ayinakukwazi ukwenza oku njengoko ingasetyenziselwa kuphela ukukrola kwindiza ye-cylindrical, kungekhona i-cylinder ye-3D. Yiyo loo nto oomatshini be-4-axis bebiza kakhulu.

4-Axis CNC oomatshini router

I-4-axis vs i-4th-axis

Itheyibhile ye-router ye-4-axis ye-CNC yenza umsebenzi ube nokwenzeka macala omabini, apho itafile ye-router ye-CNC ye-3 ayikwazi ukwenza. I-4-axis yezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC zineentsimbi ze-X, Y, Z, kunye ne-A (okanye i-B okanye i-C) ezihamba zonke. I-axis eyongezelelweyo inokubhekiswa kuyo njenge-XYZA, i-XYZB, okanye i-XYZC. Ii-ax ezi-4 zidibene, ziyakwazi ukuhamba kunye nokusebenza kunye ngexesha elinye. Oku kuvumela ukukrolwa okuqhelekileyo, okungaqhelekanga, okulinganayo, kunye ne-asymmetrical.

I-4-axis ithetha ukuba isixhobo somatshini sinokuhamba ecaleni kwe-X, Y, Z, kunye ne-Axs ngaxeshanye, ngoko ke kumacala amane ahlukeneyo onke ngaxeshanye. Ukrelekrele, eh? Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-X-axis isekhohlo ukuya kwicala lasekunene, i-Y-axis ingaphambili ukuya ngasemva, kwaye i-Z-axis yindlela ephezulu nasezantsi. I-axis ye-axis yindlela efanelekileyo kunye nengalunganga ye-axis yokujikeleza. 

Iizembe ezintathu ngokucacileyo azikwazi kudibanisa iizembe ezine ngaxeshanye. Oomatshini be-4th-axis CNC router luhlobo lwesiqingatha phakathi kwe-3 kunye ne-4-axis routers. Zinokwahlulwa ngokufanelekileyo zibe ziindidi ezimbini, i-4th-axis flat-plane koomatshini bomzila, kunye ne-4th-axis 3D CNC oomatshini bomzila. Njengoko igama libonisa, i-4th-axis i-flat-plane ye-router oomatshini baqingqa kuphela okanye banqumle kwelinye icala lezinto.

I-4th-axis 3D machining ithetha ukuba umatshini unokwenza i-3D ejikelezayo ukukrola okanye ukusika kwinqanaba elithile, kodwa enye ye-X, Y, okanye i-ax ye-Z iguqulwa ibe yi-A-axis yomzila. Makhe sichaze umahluko phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini zoomatshini be-3D CNC kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo:

1. Ngokombono, umahluko phakathi kwe-4-axis kunye ne-4th-axis oomatshini ingaba i-four-axis linkage ye-X, Y, Z, kunye no-A inokuphunyezwa ngaxeshanye.

2. Ukujonga kwiinkqubo zokulawula oomatshini, umatshini we-CNC we-4-axis usebenzisa i-four-axis linkage system, kwaye i-4th-axis isebenzisa inkqubo yokudibanisa i-three-axis.

3. Inkqubo yokudibanisa i-4-axis isebenzisa i-four-axis signal transmission ngokuhambelana neempawu zentshukumo zomatshini kunye neepulses. Unxibelelwano lwe-3-axis lusebenzisa kuphela ukuhanjiswa komqondiso we-axis ezintathu, enye ngaphantsi kwe-4-axis.

4. Ngokomphumo womzila, oomatshini be-4-axis banamandla okusebenza ngakumbi kunoomatshini be-4-axis, ukucubungula kufana ngokufanayo, i-angle efileyo incinci, kwaye inqaku eligqityiweyo liyinkimbinkimbi, licocekile kwaye likhangeleka. Uyakwazi ukukrola iipateni ezintle kakhulu.

5. Ezinye iiyantlukwano ziquka ukuba iindawo ezine-axis tooltip zingatshintshwa nangaliphi na ixesha. Isixhobo sesixhobo se-4th-axis sihlala sikhomba kumbindi we-workpiece. Ii-router ze-4-axis zihamba phambili kwaye zithembekile kune-4th-axis. I-4-axis luphuhliso kumatshini womzila we-3D CNC. Into ebalulekileyo ukuyiqonda kukuba ngaphezu kwe-60% ye-3D CNC koomatshini be-router kwimarike yi-4th-axis. Xa ukhetha i-4-axis 3D umatshini we-CNC, qaphela ukuba ungahluleli kuphela phakathi kwe-4-axis kunye ne-4th-axis imodeli ye-XNUMXth-axis, kodwa uhlalutye iimeko zomatshini, ezifana nobukhulu, ubunzima, ubulukhuni, kunye neendlela zokucwangcisa umsebenzi wakho. Qiniseka ukuba uyayazi into oyifumanayo ngemali yakho.

Umatshini womzila we-CNC we-5-axis

Ke ngoku sifika kwikhrimu yeerutha ze-CNC. Ezi routers ziyafana 3- kunye 4-Axis umatshini CNC kits, kodwa zineezembe ezimbini ezongezelelweyo bangakwazi ukuhamba kunye. Ezi zembe zongezelelweyo zenza ukuba ixesha lokusika okanye ukukrola likhawuleze kakhulu kuba zinokusika imiphetho emihlanu yempahla ngaxeshanye. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba aba matshini bane-X-axis ende, abazinzile kwaye ngoko banokufuna ingqalelo yakho ngaphezu kwekhithi ye-router ye-3- okanye 4 ye-CNC.

Makhe sijonge iinkcukacha zobugcisa ze I-5-axis oomatshini ngokusondeleyo

Oomatshini be-CNC be-5-axis banobuchule obuphezulu kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu, kwaye i-pentahedron inokucutshungulwa kwi-clamping enye ye-workpiece. Ukuba baxhotyiswe ngenkqubo yolawulo lwamanani ene-axis emihlanu enesiphelo esiphezulu, banokwenza ukuchaneka okuphezulu kwemigangatho yendawo entsonkothileyo kwaye bagqibelele ekusetyenzweni kokungunda kwale mihla okunje ngeemoto kunye nezakhiwo zenqwelomoya. Kukho iisetingi ezimbini ze-axis ezintlanu ezithe nkqo kwiziko lomatshini olujikelezayo. Enye yitafile ejikelezayo. Itheyibhile, ebekwe phezu kwebhedi, inokujikeleza malunga ne-X-axis, echazwa njenge-A-axis. Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lokusebenza lwe-A-axis luyi +30 degrees ukuya kwi-120 degrees. Embindini wetafile yokusebenza, kukho enye itafile ejikelezayo, ejikeleza i-Z-axis kwindawo eboniswe kumfanekiso. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba yi-C axis kwaye ijikeleza i-360 degrees. Ke ngoko, ngokudityaniswa kwe-A-axis kunye ne-C-axis, ngaphandle kweziko le-machining ye-axis emihlanu kumphezulu ophantsi we-workpiece, enye imigangatho emihlanu inokucutshungulwa yi-spindle ethe nkqo. Ixabiso elincinci lokugqwesa i-A-axis kunye ne-C-axis ngokubanzi yi-0.001 degrees ukwenzela ukuba i-workpiece inokwahlulwa kuyo nayiphi na i-angles, kunye neendawo ezithambekileyo, imingxuma ethambekele, njl., inokucutshungulwa. 

Imiphezulu yesithuba entsonkothileyo inokusetyenzwa ukuba i-A-xis kunye ne-C-axis zidityaniswe ne-X, Y, kunye nemigca engu-Z. Ngokuqinisekileyo, oku kufuna inkxaso yeenkqubo eziphezulu ze-CNC, iinkqubo ze-servo, kunye nesofthiwe. Inzuzo yolu lungiselelo kukuba ulwakhiwo lwe-spindle lulula, ukuqina kwe-spindle kulungile, kwaye iindleko zokwenziwa ziphantsi. 

Nangona kunjalo, i-worktable jikelele ayinakuyilwa enkulu kakhulu, kwaye umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo nawo uncinci, ngakumbi xa ujikelezo lwe-A-axis lukhulu okanye lulingana no-90 °. Ukuba inkulu kakhulu i-workpiece iya kubangela umzuzu omkhulu wokuthwala umthwalo kwitafile yokusebenza xa usika. 

Olunye uhlobo luxhomekeke ekujikelezweni kwentloko yokuphotha ethe nkqo. Isiphelo sangaphambili se-shaft ephambili yintloko ejikelezayo, enokuthi ijikeleze ngokupheleleyo i-Z-axis 360 degrees ukuze ibe yi-C-axis. Intloko ejikelezayo nayo ine-A-axis ekwazi ukujikeleza i-X-axis, enokufikelela ngokubanzi ngaphezu kwe-± 90 degrees. Inzuzo yale ndlela yokuseta kukuba inkqubo yokusonta ibhetyebhetye kakhulu, i-worktable nayo inokuba nkulu kakhulu, kwaye izinto ezinkulu ezifana ne-aircraft fuselage kunye namaqokobhe e-injini zinokulungiswa kolu hlobo lweziko lomatshini. 

Olu luyilo lunenye inzuzo enkulu: xa izisiki zokungqusha ezingqukuva zisetyenziselwa ukusetyenzwa komphezulu ogobileyo kwaye umgca osembindini wesixhobo ulungelelene nomphezulu owenziwe ngoomatshini, umgangatho womsebenzi womphezulu osikwe yincopho uya kuba mbi, kuba isantya somgca we-spherical milling cutter apex inguziro. Ukujikeleza kokuphotha kwamkelwe ukwenza i-spindle ijikeleze kwi-engile enxulumene nomsebenzi, iqinisekisa isantya esithile somgca, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wokucubungula umphezulu. 

Esi sakhiwo sithandwa kakhulu kwi-high-precision surface machining of molds, ekunzima ukuba amaziko omatshini ojikelezayo etafile aphumelele. Ukufezekisa ukuchaneka kokujikeleza okuphezulu, i-axis ephezulu ye-rotary nayo ixhotyiswe nge-circular grating feedback, kwaye ukuchaneka kwe-indexing kungaphakathi kwemizuzwana embalwa. Ngokwendalo, ubume bokujikeleza kolu hlobo lwe-spindle luntsonkothile ngakumbi kwaye iindleko zokwenziwa nazo ziphezulu kakhulu.

Inyani ye-5-axis vs fake 5-axis

Oomatshini bokwenene be-5-Axis banomsebenzi we-RTCP (I-Rotation Tool Centre Point) into ethetha ukuba inokuguqulwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngokobude be-spindle pendulum kunye netafile ejikelezayo ilungelelanisa oomatshini. 

Xa uqulunqa inkqubo, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe kuphela i-workpiece coordinates, hayi ubude be-spindle pendulum okanye indawo yetafile ejikelezayo. Zombini zokwenyani 5-axis kunye fake 5-axis oomatshini banokuba nonxibelelwano lwe-axis ezintlanu. Ukuba i-spindle ine-RTCP yenyani ye-5-axis algorithm kukwenza ukusetyenzwa kwesalathisi. Inyani ye-5-axis enomsebenzi we-RTCP ifuna kuphela ukuseta inkqubo yolungelelwaniso enye, kwaye isixhobo silungelelanisa kufuneka simiselwe kanye. I-axis emihlanu yobuxoki iyingxaki kwaye kufuneka iphetshwe.

Iinkqubo ze-CNC ezinomsebenzi we-RTCP zinokusebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo inkqubo yengcebiso yesixhobo ngaphandle kokuqwalasela umgama ojikelezayo we-axis. Emva kokufaka imowudi ye-RTCP, inkqubo ye-5-axis CNC machining inokujolisa ngokuthe ngqo kwincam yesixhobo endaweni yeziko lentloko elijikelezayo, ke inkqubo iya kuba nombulelo ibe lula kwaye isebenze ngakumbi.

Kwi-pseudo 5-axis double turntable, ulungelelwaniso oluninzi kufuneka lusekwe ukufezekisa ukusetyenzwa kwesalathisi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-5-axis intloko ye-axis, i-indexing processing ayinakugqitywa nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba intloko ye-swing ayikho enye i-Z motion xa iqhutywe ezantsi, kodwa i-Z ihamba kunye ne-X okanye i-Y. 

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Ngowuphi umatshini womzila we-CNC ofanelekileyo kuwe?

Ngelixa ezi routers zibonakala ngathi zithe tye ngokwezinto ezinokuthi zifezekise, zibuthathaka kakhulu kwaye ziphucukile. Ukuba ujonge ukufumana ubuchule obungakumbi kunye noyilo lwakho kwaye unohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, kuyacetyiswa ukuba utyale imali kwi-4-axis okanye i-5-axis ye-CNC router kit. Nangona kunjalo, i-3-axis okanye i-4th-axis ye-CNC iikhithi ze-router zihlala zifikeleleka ngakumbi.

Ngoku ekubeni unolwazi olusebenzayo malunga nendlela i-router esebenza ngayo ungawuqonda ngcono umahluko phakathi kweemodeli ezahlukeneyo eziya kukunceda ngethemba ukuba uthenge eyiphi. 

Ukushwankathela. Oomatshini be-CNC be-5-axis banokusika kunye neentsimbi ezimbini ezingaphezu kwe-3-axis CNC koomatshini. Ezi routers zinokusika kumacala amahlanu ento ngaxeshanye, eyandisa izakhono zomqhubi kunye nokuguquguquka. Ngokungafaniyo nabalingane babo be-3-axis, aba matshini badla ngokusetyenziselwa ukusika iindawo ezinkulu ze-3D. Ukongeza, oomatshini be-CNC be-5-axis bane-gantry ende kunye ne-X-axis ende, evumela ukuba banqumle iindawo ezinkulu; nangona kunjalo, oku kuza kwiindleko ezinzima; inde igantry kwaye inde i-X-axis, kokukhona ichaneka kwaye ingazinzile aba matshini. Ukulawula umgangatho ofanelekileyo, i-gantry kunye ne-X-axis kufuneka inqunyelwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Nangona ii-router zibonakala zifana noomatshini abalula, ziziqwenga zetekhnoloji ezintsonkothileyo ezifuna umgangatho othile wobuchule ukuze usebenze. Ukufunda ngokucokisekileyo le ncwadana okanye ukufumana uqeqesho kwingcali kucetyiswa kakhulu. Oomatshini be-CNC be-5-axis bathanda ukuba kubiza kakhulu kuneentlobo zemveli ze-3-axis, kodwa ekugqibeleni zibonelela ngokuguquguquka okukhulu kwaye zivumela abasebenzisi ukuba babe nobuchule ngakumbi kuyilo lwabo. 

Zingaphi iizembe ozifunayo?

Usenokuba uzibonile iirotha ze-CNC zinikezela ngeentsimbi ezisixhenxe, ezilithoba, okanye ezilishumi elinanye. Nangona ezo mazembe amaninzi ezongezelelweyo zinokubonakala zinzima ukuzibona, ingcaciso yejiyometri emangalisa ngolo hlobo ilula kakhulu.

Xa ujongana noomatshini abanangaphezulu kwesinye ukusonta okusontayo, ngoko sele unamazembe amaninzi.

Umzekelo, oomatshini abaneentsimbi zokusonta zesibini kunye nee-turrets ezisezantsi zineezembe ezininzi: i-turret ephezulu iya kuba nama-axes ama-4 kunye ne-turret esezantsi ye-2, emva koko uneentsimbi ezi-2 ezichasayo nazo. Abo matshini banokuba ne-9 xa bebonke.

Icandelo, njengevalve ye-aerospace, linokwenziwa kumatshini we-CNC we-5-axis. Okanye inokwenziwa kwi-multi-axis CNC umzila one-rotary B-axis kunye ne-spindles ezimbini ze-C-axis ezimbini, kunye no-X, Y, kunye no-Z. Kukho kwakhona i-turret esezantsi ekunika i-X kunye no-Z yesibini, ikunika i-axes eninzi, kodwa inxalenye ngokwayo ifana nejometri.

Zingaphi ke iizembe ozifunayo kwishishini lakho?

Njengoko kuhlala kunjalo kwimveliso, impendulo yalo mbuzo ixhomekeke kwizicelo zakho ezithile. Lo mzekelo ulandelayo kufuneka uncede:

Ibhleyidi yeinjini yomoya ngumgangatho okhululekileyo onokuntsonkotha kakhulu. Eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokugqibezela iblade efana naleyo kukusebenzisa umatshini we-axis emi-5, ukuthatha isixhobo sijikeleze i-blade airfoil. Ungasebenzisa imodeli ye-axis emi-3 kumatshini ukuba usalathisa iblade kwindawo kwaye emva koko usebenzise imigca emithathu yemigca yokumayini ukuyihombisa, kodwa ayisiyiyo eyona ndlela isebenzayo.

Ijometri yenxalenye iya kukuxelela ukuba ufuna i-3-, 4- okanye i-5-axis uqwalaselo.

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba inani leezembe ozifunayo lixhomekeke ngaphezu kwenxalenye enye. Inxalenye ibalulekile ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa iyakunciphisa into efunwa yivenkile yakho.

Umthengi unokuzisa inxalenye, yithi i-titanium aerospace bracket, kwaye unokucinga ukuba leyo yinxalenye egqibeleleyo yetafile ye-5-axis ye-CNC yomzila. Lo matshini unemisebenzi emininzi usenokungaphuculwa ngendlela efanayo nomatshini we-CNC we-5-axis, kodwa unokunika umthengi amathuba okwenza i-lathe, shaft, okanye i-chucker umsebenzi oyinxalenye yesicwangciso sabo sexesha elide.

Enye into ekufuneka uyiqwalasele yimvulophu yomsebenzi. Yeyiphi eyona nxalenye inkulu yesayizi onokuthi uyibeke kumatshini kwaye wenze utshintsho lwesixhobo kunye nokudluliselwa kwenxalenye? Ukuqonda izakhono zomatshini we-CNC kwaye yintoni onokuyenza kwaye awukwazi ukuyenza kubaluleke kakhulu kwishishini lakho.

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