IsiKhokelo soMqali oGqibeleleyo woKutyabeka ngePowder yeShishini

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ishishini lokugquma umgubo liyenyuka, oosomashishini abaliqela benomdla malunga nalo. Eli shishini liyakhula ngenxa yokuba ukupeyinta umgubo kwenza umzobo, oqinileyo, kwaye ugqibeke kakuhle kuyo nayiphi na intsimbi. 

Eli nqaku linika ingqiqo kwabo bafuna ukufaka umgca wabo wokuqala ophumeleleyo kunye nezixhobo ezifunekayo kwisinyathelo ngasinye. 

Isiqulatho
Yintoni ukugquma ngomgubo?
Inkqubo yokugquma umgubo kunye nezixhobo ezibandakanyekayo
Yintoni ekufuneka uyiqwalasele xa uthenga izixhobo zokugquma umgubo

Yintoni ukugquma ngomgubo?

Yinkqubo yokugqiba ebandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi apho umgubo owomileyo, i-thermoset, okanye i-thermoplastic powder ifafazwe phezu komhlaba, inyibilike, kwaye ipholiswe kwi-coating elinganayo. 

Umphezulu onokuthi uqatywe unokuba yiplastiki, isinyithi, ibhodi yokucima umlilo ephakathi kunye neglasi. Ukugquma umgubo kungaphezulu kokwalekwa kolwelo lwemveli kuba inokufikelela ngokulula kwiinjongo zokuhombisa kunye nokusebenza kwimiphetho eyahlukeneyo, imibala kunye nokuthungwa. 

Kuthatha amanyathelo amathathu ahlukeneyo-inyathelo lokuqala libandakanya ukulungiswa kunye nokucocwa komphezulu wokugquma, inyathelo lesibini libandakanya ukugquma umphezulu ngomgubo ocolekileyo, kwaye inyathelo lokugqibela libandakanya ukuphilisa umphezulu opeyintiweyo kwi-oven apho umgubo unyibilika kwaye uqukuqela ukwenza i-coating efanayo. 

Nangona kunjalo, amanyathelo anokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomgubo wokugquma. Ukusetyenziswa kwebhedi e-Fluidized kunye ne-electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) iyahluka kwinqanaba lokunyanga.

Inkqubo yokugquma umgubo kunye nezixhobo ezibandakanyekayo

Ukugquma umgubo kuthatha amanqanaba amathathu: ukulungisa, ukufakwa, kunye nokunyanga ubushushu. 

Inqanaba lokulungiselela

Ukulungiswa linyathelo lokuqala kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yokugquma umgubo, apho umphezulu we-material ucocwa kwaye uphathwe ukukhupha uthuli, i-rust, i-debris, i-oyile, i-solvent, ukungcola, kunye nepeyinti endala. Ukuba izinto eziphathekayo azicocwanga ngokwaneleyo, iidiphozithi eziseleyo kunye neentsalela zinokuphazamisana neempawu zokubambelela kwipowder kunye nomgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela. 

Inkqubo yokulungiselela iyahluka kwizinto eziphathekayo; nangona kunjalo, izigaba eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukucocwa, ukukrolwa, ukuhlanjululwa, ukuqhushumba, kunye nokomisa.

Izixhobo zokulungiselela

Eli nqanaba libandakanya izixhobo ezintathu eziphambili, njengoko kuxoxwe ngezantsi.

Igumbi lokudubula

Ekubeni ukulungisa umphezulu ngamanye amaxesha kubandakanya umoya oxinizelelweyo ophezulu ukuze uqhubele phambili izinto eziqhumayo, oku kufuneka kwenziwe kwigumbi elivaliweyo lokuqhushumba. Ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto eziphathekayo, umntu unokusebenzisa imidiya eyahlukeneyo yokuqhushumba efana negrit okanye i-steel shot ukususa i-debris engafunekiyo kumphezulu wesinyithi ukuze ibe ngumgubo. 

Amagumbi okuqhuma zibalulekile kwiivenkile ezisebenza ngemathiriyeli ekrwada engacocekanga, njengemibhobho eneendawo ezineoksijini okanye intsalela yentsimbi. Amagumbi aneziqhushumbisi akwaqinisekisa ukuba uthuli, inkunkuma, okanye amasuntswana esinyithi acikizekileyo aqulathiweyo ukuze athintele abasebenzi noluntu olubangqongileyo ekubeni bawaphefumle. 

Isikhululo sokuhlamba

Isikhululo sokuhlamba siyafuneka ukususa i-oyile, i-solvent, igrisi, okanye intsalela yeekhemikhali ukusuka kumphezulu wemathiriyeli ukuze igqunywe. Kwisikhululo sokuhlamba, umphezulu utshizwa usebenzisa i-alkali ebuthakathaka, i-agent ye-chemical pre-treatment agents, amanzi ashushu, okanye i-detergents engathathi hlangothi. 

A isikhululo sokuhlamba kunokunceda ukususa naluphi na uthuli oluhlala luhleli emva kokuqhushumba komphezulu, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa ukunamathela komgubo kunye nomgangatho wokugqiba. Ngelixa ezinye izikhululo zokuhlamba zakhelwa ukusetyenziswa kwemichiza yezandla, ezinye zinjalo ngokuzenzekelayo, apho ibhanti yokuhambisa idlulisa iinxalenye ekucoceni, ukuhlanjululwa, kunye nezigaba zokulungiselela.

I-oveni eyomileyo

Nangona esi sixhobo sisetyenziswa kwinqanaba lokunyanga i-electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) yomgubo wokugquma, kukwaluncedo kwinqanaba lokulungisa ibhedi. Amalungu ahlanjiweyo agqithiselwa kwi-oveni ukuze abe ngumphunga nawaphi na amanzi okanye imichiza. 

Ukongezelela, i i-oven eyomileyo iqinisekisa ukuba iindawo zentsimbi zikubushushu obufanelekileyo phambi kokufakwa komgubo. 

Izixhobo zonyango zangaphambili zingenza umehluko kumgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela. Umntu akadingi ukuthenga izixhobo zokucoca ezibiza kakhulu, kodwa eli nqanaba liyimfuneko ekuphumeleleni kwenkqubo yokugqoka ipowder. 

Inqanaba lesicelo

Emva kokuba izinto zicocekile, zihambela kwinqanaba lesicelo. Zimbini iindlela zokugalela umgubo: ukusetyenziswa kwebhedi emanzi kunye ne-electrostatic spray deposition (ESD). 

Kwi-electrostatic spray deposition (ESD), umgubo ugalelwa kusetyenziswa i-electrostatic spray deposition ngaphambi kokuba ithathwe ukucutshungulwa. 

Kwelinye icala, ukugquma komgubo webhedi olwelo kubandakanya ukuntywila iindawo ezifudunyeziweyo zibe yimathiriyeli yomgubo kwibhedi enamanzi. Omnye unokusebenzisa i-electrostatic fluidized bed powder coating, apho amasuntswana omgubo ahlawuliswa ngombane ukwenza ilifu phezu kwebhedi emanzi. Iinxalenye ezifudunyeziweyo zigqithiswa kuyo ukuze zigqunywe. 

Izixhobo zenqanaba lesicelo

Nazi izixhobo ezinokwenzeka ezifunekayo ngexesha lesicelo.

Electrostatic powder spray gun

Ukugqithiswa kwepowder kudla ngokusetyenziswa ngokungaqhelekanga umpu wokutshiza ngomgubo yenzelwe lo msebenzi kuphela. Umoya oxinanisiweyo uvuthelwa kumgubo ukuze uwususe ngompu wenze ilifu. Njengoko umgubo onjengelifu ushiya umpu, uhlatywa ngombane. 

Ilifu elihlawulweyo elingumgubo ligquma kwaye lincamathele kwindawo yezinto. Ke, umpu wokugquma umgubo sisixhobo esiyimfuneko kwinkqubo. Ngethamsanqa, imarike ineentlobo ezininzi zemipu yobuchwephesha anokuthi usomashishini atyale kuyo. 

Indawo yokutshiza yomgubo

Umpu wokutshiza ngomgubo ufuna indawo efanelekileyo yokusetyenziswa kunye nokugcinwa. Xa usebenzisa umgubo wokutshiza, eminye imisi inokuphelela emoyeni naphantsi. Indawo yokutshiza ngomgubo inceda ukugcina i-overspray kude nendawo yokusebenza, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ungcoliseko kunye neengozi zempilo.

The indawo yokutshiza ngomgubo iqinisekisa ukuba indawo eseleyo yokusebenzela icocekile kwaye ibonelela ngendawo ekhanyiswe kakuhle ukuze abapeyinti babone into abayenzayo. Beza nenye okanye ezimbini exhaust fans ezifakelwe izihluzi ukubamba inxalenye overspray. Iindawo zokutshiza ngomgubo zikhusela ukugqiba okugqunywe ngumgubo kwizinto ezingcolisa umoya, ngakumbi ukuba ubume bevenkile bubandakanya ukuqhushumba kunye nokuwelda. 

Igumbi lokusingqongileyo

Igumbi lokusingqongileyo, elikwabizwa ngokuba ligumbi elicocekileyo, liyafuneka kwiimfuno ezingqongqo zokugqiba. Injongo yalo kukuphelisa ukungcola okuphuma emoyeni kunye nokulawula ukufuma kunye nobushushu ngexesha lokusetyenziswa komgubo, ngaloo ndlela kuthintela nayiphi na i-clumping, ungcoliseko, okanye imiba ehambelanayo. Ukuba imveliso ineenkcukacha zokuncamathela ngqo okanye indawo yevenkile ihlala imdaka, kufuneka amagumbi acocekileyo ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezingcono zokugquma. 

Inqanaba lokunyanga

Indlela kunye nohlobo lwezinto zokugquma umgubo ezisetyenzisiweyo zimisela ukuba kuqhubeka ntoni na kwinqanaba lokunyanga.

Ukuba umqhubi ukhetha indlela ye-ESD, izinto ezigqunywe nge-ESD kufuneka zinyangelwe kwi-oven yokunyanga engumgubo. Ixesha elithathwayo ukunyanga impahla ixhomekeke kubume bayo, ubungakanani, kunye nobukhulu.

I-oven ihlala isebenza kumaqondo obushushu ukusuka kwi-325 ukuya kuma-450 degrees Fahrenheit, ngelixa ixesha lokunyanga lisuka kwimizuzu eyi-10 ukuya ngaphezulu kweyure. Xa izinto ezigqunywe nge-ESD zifikelela kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu lokunyanga kwi-oveni, amasuntswana omgubo onyibilikisiweyo aya kuqukuqela agubungele. 

Inkqubo ihluke kancinane kwindlela yokulala, apho iindawo zifudumala kwi-oven ngexesha lokulungiselela kodwa ngaphambi kwesigaba sokufaka isicelo. Indawo eshushu igqithiselwa kwilifu elinyibilikisiweyo lokwaleka. 

Izixhobo zenqanaba lokunyanga

I-oven yokucoca umgubo

The i-oveni ifudunyezwa kwiqondo lobushushu elilelona liphezulu (325 ukuya kuma-450 degrees Fahrenheit), ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto eziphathekayo. Inceda ukususa amanzi kwizinto ezigqunyiweyo. Kwaye ikwatshisa izinto kwaye inyibilika umgubo, ibavumela ukuba banamathele kunye ngokulula. 

Yintoni ekufuneka uyiqwalasele xa uthenga izixhobo zokugquma umgubo

Ukukhetha ezona zixhobo zibalaseleyo kuwo nawuphi na umzamo kubalulekile ukuba umntu ufuna impumelelo kwishishini lakhe. Ishishini lokugquma umgubo kuqikelelwa ukuba liya kukhula $ 18.95 billion ngo-2028, ebonisa i-CAGR ye-6.2% ukusuka kwi-2021 ukuya ku-2028, oku kuthetha ukuba nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zithembisa impumelelo. 

Qwalasela ezi zinto zibalulekileyo xa ukhetha izixhobo zokugquma umgubo ofanelekileyo kwishishini.

Ukugquma rhoqo

Ukuthenga izixhobo kuya kuba noqoqosho ukuba umntu unenjongo yokuseka ishishini lokugquma umgubo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isityalo sisebenzisa umatshini ngamanye amaxesha, ukuqesha kuya kuba yinto efanelekileyo kunokuthenga entsha. 

Iindleko zenkqubo

Nangona abanye abantu bejolise ekunciphiseni iindleko ngokuthenga izixhobo ezingabizi mali ininzi, inokubuya izokuluma ishishini. Kunokuba ugxile kwiindleko zokuqala, jonga izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nezihlala ixesha elide kuba zihlala zinembuyekezo engcono kutyalo-mali. Umntu kufuneka enze uphando olucokisekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umatshini uvela kumthengisi othembekileyo, nokuba ubiza imali encinci. 

Indawo yokugcina

Ngaphambi kokulungisa izixhobo zokugquma umgubo, umntu kufuneka ahlole ukuba banendawo eyaneleyo yokugcina. Oomatshini babandakanya utyalo-mali olukhulu kwaye abanakushiywa nje emoyeni. 

Ekubeni i-powder coating yinkqubo yamanqanaba amathathu, kunengqiqo ukuvavanya ukuba indawo yokulungiselela kunye nedokodo inkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zoshishino. 

Ukuba isicwangciso kukuthenga izixhobo ezinkulu, kufuneka kubekho indawo eyaneleyo yokuzigcina. Ukuqonda iindawo ezikhoyo kunokunceda usomashishini enze izigqibo ezifanelekileyo zokuthenga. 

uphawu

Wonke umntu uyonwaba ngoomatshini abakumgangatho ophezulu abahlala ixesha elide. Oomatshini bomgangatho baphucula imveliso kwaye bakhokelela kwimbuyekezo entle kutyalo-mali. Kwelinye icala, izixhobo zokugquma umgubo ezikumgangatho ophantsi zinokubiza kancinci, kodwa zinokukhokelela kwiimveliso ezikumgangatho ophantsi. 

Ubungakanani bendawo eza kugqunywa

Ukuba ishishini linxibe iindawo ezinkulu, umntu unokufuna oomatshini abakhulu ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuhlangabezana nemihla yokugqibela yemveliso. Utyalo-mali kwimipu yokutshiza encinci, eqhutywa ngesandla kunye nezinye izixhobo zifanelekile kwiindawo ezincinci ezigqunyiweyo.

Ukwaleka ubukhulu

Ngethuba lokuhlolwa kunye nezigaba zokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokugqoka, umqhubi unquma ubukhulu befilimu ye-powder yecandelo lensimbi. Ukubonakala kunye nokusebenza kwezinto ezigqunyiweyo zichatshazelwa bubunzima befilimu eyomileyo (DFT).

Ubungqingqwa bokwambatha bukwachaphazela ukuthungwa, umbala, ukuncamathela, ukuqina, ukuguquguquka, ukuxhathisa ukubola, kunye nendlela amalungu ahamba kwaye afaneleka ngayo. Umntu unokukhetha iimatshini ezifanelekileyo zokugquma umgubo eziza kuvelisa ubukhulu obufunekayo kunye nemisebenzi. 

imveliso

Oomatshini abazenzelayo bokugquma umgubo basebenza ngakumbi kwaye banokugquma iindawo ezininzi kunezo zisebenza ngesandla. Nangona kunjalo, imveliso ixhomekeke kwimfuno yeshishini yezinto ezigqunywe ngumgubo. Ukuba ii-odolo ziphezulu, umtyalo-mali uya kufuna izixhobo ezinomgangatho ophezulu wemveliso. 

Izinto ezifanelekileyo 

Uhlobo lwezinto eziza kugqunywa yenye into ekufanele iqwalaselwe phambi kokuthenga izixhobo zokugquma umgubo. Umzekelo, ishishini lokugquma umgubo elisebenza ngezinto ezineoyile, isinyibilikisi, intsalela yeekhemikhali, kunye negrisi liya kutyala imali kwisikhululo sokuhlamba inqanaba lokucoca. Esandleni, ukuba izinto eziphathekayo zinepeyinti ezindala kuphela, uthuli, inkunkuma, kunye nokungcola, ishishini linokukhetha ukutyalomali kwigumbi eliqhumayo kwaye liphephe isikhululo sokuhlamba.

isiphelo

Inkqubo yokugquma umgubo ifuna utyalo-mali olukhulu ngokuhambelana noomatshini kunye nendawo. Ke ngoko, umntu kufuneka avavanye iimfuno zabo kwaye aziphathe ngokucokisekileyo ngaphambi kokuba alungiselele umatshini. Esi sikhokelo sabaqalayo sokugquma umgubo sigxininise ukuba yintoni kwaye yintoni ekufuneka umntu axhume kuyo kweli shishini.