IiNkqubo zokuGcinwa kwamandla ebhetri aphezulu ukuze kuthengwe

Ukubaluleka kwamandla ahlaziyekayo akukwazi ukugqithiswa. Ngenxa yoko, amazwe amakhulu anezicwangciso zokuguqula uqoqosho lwawo lube namandla acocekileyo. Umzekelo, urhulumente wase-United States wenze uphuhliso lwamandla acocekileyo kunye nokudityaniswa kwawo kuqoqosho a indawo ekugxilwe kuyo kulawulo lwayo. Kwangokunjalo, urhulumente waseTshayina ujonge uku ukufikelela kokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni ngo-2060.

Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yolu tshintsho kuhlaziyo amandla. Ukususela kwi amandla afunyenwe kwizinto ezihlaziyiweyo idla ngokuphazamiseka, iinkqubo zokugcina amandla zinika amandla okugcina amandla avela kwimithombo ehlaziyekayo xa kukho ubuninzi kwaye usebenzise la mandla agciniweyo xa kufuneka.

Iibhetri yeyona ndlela idumileyo yokugcina amandla, kwaye iya kuba yeyona nto iphambili kweli nqaku.

Isiqulatho
Ukukhula kokusetyenziswa kunye nefuthe leenkqubo zokugcina amandla
Iindidi ezi-5 zeenkqubo zokugcina amandla ebhetri
Ungazikhetha njani ezona bhetri zibalaseleyo zokusetyenziswa ekhaya nakwintengiso

Ukukhula kokusetyenziswa kunye nefuthe leenkqubo zokugcina amandla

Ngo-2020, iCalifornia yafumana ukuphela kombane kwigridi. Ngelixa oku kusenzeka ngoku kwaye emva koko, oku kwahlukile kuba imithombo yamandla engaphandle kwegridi yayinomthamo owaneleyo wokubuyisela igridi. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuzange kusetyenziswe kuba iinkqubo zokugcina amandla zazingaxhotyiswanga ukwenza oko.

Ukuthintela ukwenzeka okufanayo kwixesha elizayo, iCalifornia inezicwangciso zokuqinisekisa ukuba kukho ubuncinci 1 yesigidi seebhetri zasekhaya ngo-2028.

Eli linqaku nje elinye kwindlela jikelele ekuqondeni ukubaluleka kokuphuculwa kweenkqubo zokugcina amandla.

Ngoku ka Wood MacKenzie, amandla okugcina amandla ehlabathi aphantse aphindwa kathathu ngonyaka ngo-2021 ngokufikelela kumthamo we-12 GW. Ngaphaya koko, kulindeleke ukuba ifike kumanqaku e-1 TWh ngo-2030. Konke oku kukhomba kuhlumo olunokwenzeka kunye nethuba kwicandelo logcino lwamandla.

Iindidi ezi-5 zeenkqubo zokugcina amandla ebhetri

Iibhetri zezona ndlela ziphambili kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla. Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke iibhetri ezinokusetyenziselwa le njongo. Kukho iindidi ngeendidi zeebhetri onokuthi uzisebenzisele oku kunye neenzuzo kunye neengxaki.

Nazi ezinye zazo:

Iibhetri zeLithium-ion

Iibhetri zeLithium-ion lolona hlobo ludumileyo lwebhetri. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba uqhelene kakhulu nazo ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kuba zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iifowuni zombane kunye neelaptops. Ukongeza, malunga I-90% yeenkqubo zokugcina amandla ebhetri sebenzisa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion. Oku kungenxa yokuba zikhaphukhaphu, zixinene ngamandla, kwaye zinezinye izibonelelo ezininzi.

Nangona kunjalo, zihlala zibiza kakhulu xa zithelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zebhetri. Ngaphandle koku, iSebe lezaMandla lase-US libajonga eyona ndlela ilungileyo xa kuziwa ekusebenzeni.

Iibhetri ze-lead-acid

Iibhetri ze-lead-asidi zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba ziibhetri ezisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiimoto. Ezi bhetri zisebenziseka ngendlela engaqhelekanga njengoko malunga nama-80% amacandelo azo anokuhlaziywa kwakhona. Zikwanexabiso eliphantsi, nangona ziphila ubomi obufutshane.

Iibhetri ezihambayo

Ibhetri yokuqukuqela isebenzisa isisombululo solwelo se-electrolyte ukugcina amandla. Olu hlobo lwebhetri ludla ngokuba nomthamo omkhulu. Nangona kunjalo, inohambo oluphantsi olusebenzayo lokuya nokubuya, okuthetha ukuba ithatha amandla amaninzi ngakumbi kunokuba ibonelela. Ukuvuma oku, iSebe lezaMandla lase-US lithe kuya kubakho impumelelo izuza ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ngenxa yomthamo wayo omkhulu, olu hlobo lwebhetri lufanelekile kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu ezifuna amandla kumashumi e-megawatts. Kukwalula ukukala xa sele wenze utyalo-mali lokuqala.

I-sodium-sulfure

Iibhetri zesodium-sulphur zisebenzisa isodiyam etyhidiweyo kunye nesalfure. Isulfure yintlawulo elungileyo ngelixa

isodiyam yintlawulo embi. Olu qulunqo lunika ibhetri izinga eliphezulu lokugcina amandla-malunga ne-90%.

Kananjalo zigcineke ngakumbi kune Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ngenxa yokuba izinto zabo zininzi kumhlaba womhlaba.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuzisebenzisa, kufuneka uzigcine zishushu phakathi kwe-572 ukuya kwi-662 degrees Fahrenheit, uzenza zingakulungeli ukusetyenziswa kwindawo yokuhlala.

Kukho ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwale nkqubo yokugcina amandla ebhetri kwiindawo ezifana neJapan kunye ne-Abu Dhabi.

Iibhetri zamanzi etyuwa

Ibhetri yamanzi etyuwa isebenzisa i-sodium njengomqhubi wayo oyintloko, i-sodium efanayo esetyenziswa kwityuwa yetafile. Ke, ikhuselekile kwaye akukho mngcipheko omncinci wokuqhambuka komlilo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Kananjalo ayisebenzisi izinto ezinetyhefu ezifana neasidi yelothe okanye i-lithium, iyenza ikwazi ukuphinda isetyenziswe.

Nangona kunjalo, le bhetri inomlinganiselo ophantsi wamandla kwaye, ngenxa yoko, idla ngokuba nkulu kunezinye iibhetri. Oku kunyuka kobukhulu kwenza ukuba kubize kakhulu.

Ungazikhetha njani ezona bhetri zibalaseleyo zokusetyenziswa ekhaya nakwintengiso

Kufuneka uqwalasele izinto ezahlukeneyo xa ukhetha inkqubo yokugcina amandla ebhetri. Ziquka:

Amandla kunye namandla

Umthamo webhetri ngokubalulekayo kukuba inokuhlala ixesha elingakanani xa unika amandla ikhaya lakho okanye ishishini. Oku kudla ngokubonakaliswa kwiiyure zeKilowatt (kWh). Amandla ebhetri amisela ubunzulu bamandla ibhetri ewakhuphayo xa uwasebenzisa. Oku kubonakaliswa kW.

Ukuba ibhetri inamandla aphezulu kunye nomthamo ophantsi, ungayisebenzisa ukunika amandla izixhobo ezininzi, kodwa ixesha elifutshane. Ukuba inamandla aphantsi kunye nomthamo ophezulu, ungayisebenzisa kwisixhobo esincinci, kodwa ihlala ixesha elide.

Ubunzulu bokukhutshwa

Ibhetri kufuneka isoloko iphethe intlawulo ukuze isebenze. Oku kuthetha ukuba awufane usebenzise umthamo uwonke webhetri. Ubunzulu bokukhutshwa yindawo apho kufuneka uhlawule ibhetri.

Umzekelo, ukuba ibhetri inobunzulu obuyi-90% yokukhupha kwaye inomthamo we-10 kWh, ubuninzi obunokubusebenzisa yi-9 kWh phambi kokuba ufuneke uyitshaje.

Ukusebenza kakuhle kohambo

Ukusebenza kokubuya nokubuya kwebhetri yipesenti yamandla onokuwasebenzisa xa uthelekisa namandla owafakela ibhetri. Umzekelo, ukuba ubonelela ngebhetri eyi-5 kW yamandla kwaye unokubuyisela kuphela i-4 kW njengembuyekezo, ukusebenza kakuhle kohambo lokuya nokubuya yi-80%.

iwaranti

Iwaranti yebhetri idla ngokuba sisiqinisekiso esivela kumenzi kwimeko yomthamo webhetri emva kwexesha elithile. Umzekelo, ukuba iwaranti yebhetri yi-70% emva kweminyaka elishumi, oku kuthetha ukuba kwiminyaka elishumi, unokulindela ukuba ibhetri ilahlekelwe malunga ne-30% yamandla ayo.

producer

Kwakhona ufuna ukuqwalasela umvelisi webhetri xa uthenga. Ngaba kufuneka uye kuqaliso okanye igqala elinegriza? Iibhetri ezenziwe ngabaqalisi zihlala zivelisa ngakumbi, kodwa isiqalo sinerekhodi emfutshane.

Kumagqala amnyama, iindima zibuyiselwa umva. Unokuqiniseka ngerekhodi lomkhondo wegqala, kodwa kunokubakho ukuqanjwa okuncinci ekusebenzeni kwebhetri.

isiphelo

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, sixoxe ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenkqubo zokugcina amandla. Sikwakhankanye iingcebiso ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa ukhetha inkqubo efanelekileyo yokugcina amandla. Konke oku kukuqinisekisa ukuba ugqiba ngeyona nkqubo yokugcina amandla kwiimfuno zakho.