Yonke into omawuyazi malunga nokuTshaja kwe-EV

Izithuthi zombane zithathele kwishishini leemoto kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Abaninzi abavelisi beemoto balandela umkhwa, ongenayo iimpawu zokucotha ngokukhawuleza. Yintoni eyenza izithuthi zombane zibe yinto engcono kakhulu kukukwazi ukuvelisa ukukhutshwa kwe-zero tailpipe. Umngeni omkhulu oza nokusebenzisa izithuthi zombane kukuhlawulisa iziseko zophuhliso. Ukwandisa ukwamkelwa kwezithuthi zombane, kufuneka kubekho iindawo zokutshaja ezininzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. IYurophu kunye noMntla Melika ziphakathi kwabasebenzisi abahamba phambili be-EV, kwaye kukholelwa ukuba ngo-2025 le mimandla mibini iya kuba 7.9 million iindawo zokutshaja.

Eli nqaku liza kujonga ukuba ukutshaja kwe-EV kusebenza njani kunye neentlobo zeetshaja ze-EV ezikhoyo kwimarike. Iza kuxoxa ngemfuno, isabelo semarike, ubungakanani, kunye nezinga lokukhula elilindelekileyo lezithuthi zombane kwihlabathi liphela kule minyaka mihlanu izayo.

Isiqulatho
Amathuba ezithuthi zombane
Ukutshaja kombane kusebenza njani
Iindidi zeetshaja ze-EV
isiphelo

Amathuba ezithuthi zombane

Imarike yemoto yombane iye yanda kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Oku kukhula kubangelwa ukwanda kwenani lemizi-mveliso yemoto yombane. Oorhulumente abaninzi baye babeka imimiselo engqongqo kunye nezithintelo malunga nokukhutshwa kwezithuthi. Eli nyathelo likarhulumente libe nefuthe kakhulu ekukhuleni kwemfuno yezithuthi zombane.

Iinyaniso & Imiba ingxelo yokuba ubungakanani bemarike yemoto yombane yehlabathi ibiyi-USD 185 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2021. Ingeniso kuqikelelwa ukuba iya kubetha i-USD 980 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2028, ibhalisa isantya sokukhula sonyaka (CAGR) sama-24.5%. Oku kukhula kubalulekileyo kulindeleke ukuba kuqhutywe kukwandisa ulwazi malunga neenzuzo zokusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zombane.

Ngokuthetha ngokwejografi, iAsia Pacific ilawula imarike yeemoto zombane. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-China ingumvelisi we-EV ohamba phambili kwihlabathi kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe amacandelo emoto yombane. Ngexesha loqikelelo, i-China iya kuba malunga ne-57% yesabelo semarike. Okubangela umdla kukuba, iimoto zabakhweli zivelisa esona sabelo sikhulu sengeniso.

Ukutshaja kombane kusebenza njani

Isithuthi sombane ukutshaja kuye kwaphuhliswa kusetyenziswa amanqanaba okutshaja ahlukeneyo, iindidi zeeplagi, kunye neendlela zentambo. Olunye uphawu olwahlukileyo luhlobo lwentlawulo ye-AC kunye ne-DC. Amandla athatyathwa kwigridi, oko kukuthi, i-socket yasekhaya, i-alternating current (AC). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, nawaphi na amandla agcinwe kwiibhetri ngumbane othe ngqo (DC). Ingaba isithuthi sihlawuliswa yi-AC okanye i-DC, ibhetri yesithuthi iphelela kwi-DC.

I-AC, njengokuhamba kwentlawulo, ngamaxesha athile iyatshintshana okanye itshintshe indlela. Inokuveliswa ngokulula kwimithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo njengeenjini zombane wamanzi okanye ii-windmills. Uninzi lweegridi zombane zehlabathi zisebenzisa i-AC njengoko inokuhanjiswa ngokufanelekileyo kumgama omde. I-DC ihamba ngomgca othe ngqo kwaye inokuveliswa ngeepaneli zelanga. Ingasetyenziselwa ukugcina amandla kunye nokukhanya kwe-LED. Amandla agcinwe kwiibhetri ahlala eguqulwa ukusuka kwi-AC ukuya kwi-DC.

Le ilandelayo yimizekelo yeendawo zokutshaja ii-EV:

-Izikhululo zokutshaja ekhaya

-Izikhululo zokutshaja emsebenzini

-Izikhululo zokutshaja zoluntu

-Izikhululo zegesi ezine-EV yokutshaja

-Iitshaja zeemoto zombane kwiindawo zokuthengisa

Iindidi zeetshaja ze-EV

Ukutshaja isithuthi sombane kungahlelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ukuqwalasela amanqanaba okutshaja, ukuphakama kwinqanaba lokutshaja, liphezulu ukuphuma kwamandla. Kwakhona, imoto entsha ibiza ngokukhawuleza kunendala. Ukutshaja kwe-EV kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe ibhetri, ukukhutshwa kwamandla kwisikhululo sokutshaja, kunye nomthamo wokutshaja wesithuthi.

Ukongeza, isantya sokutshaja siyahluka ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, ezibandakanya:

– Ukutshaja okuphuma kwisikhululo sokutshaja

– Ukutshaja umthamo wesithuthi

-Ibhetri yemoto yombane

– Ilizwe okanye isixa sentlawulo eseleyo

-Ijiko lokutshaja le-DC

- Iimeko zemozulu

Itshaja yenqanaba lesi-1

Nqanaba 1 ukutshaja kubandakanya ukuplaga i imoto yombane kwisokethi eneplagi yamandla esemgangathweni ye-AC. Umbane osemgangathweni onokukhupha ubuninzi obuyi-2.3 kW. Oku kwenza ukutshaja kweNqanaba loku-1 kucothe kakhulu. Inika i-EV malunga. Iikhilomitha ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-8 zoluhlu ngeyure.

eziluncedo

– Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla njengoko ihambisa umbane ngesantya esiphantsi

-Iyonga kwiindleko zofakelo njengoko ingafuni kuphuculwa

nezingeloncedo

– Inexesha elicothayo lokutshaja

– Kuyingozi kukhuseleko lwemoto njengoko kungekho nxibelelwano phakathi kwesixhobo sombane kunye nesithuthi

Itshaja yenqanaba lesi-2

Nqanaba 2 ukutshaja kufumaneka nakwesiphi na isikhululo sokutshaja se-AC esimiselweyo esixhonywe epalini, eludongeni, okanye ekumeni phantsi. Itshaja ikhupha amandla aphakathi kwe-3.4 kW ukuya kuma-22 kW, anokongeza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-approx. Iikhilomitha ezili-120 ngeyure. Ngokuqhelekileyo zifumaneka kwiindawo zokumisa iimoto zikawonke-wonke, kwiindawo zokuhlala nakwiindawo zamashishini.

eziluncedo

– Inexesha elincitshisiweyo lokutshaja; ngoko, ikhawuleza.

– Iyahambelana nezithuthi ezininzi.

-Ixesha lokutshaja kwayo liqikelelwa ngakumbi.

– Igcina umjikelo wobomi bebhetri.

nezingeloncedo

– Kuyabiza ukuthenga nokufaka.

Itshaja yenqanaba lesi-3

A ishaja yenqanaba lesi-3 ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-DC fast charger. Isebenzisa kuphela okwangoku ngqo ukutshaja iibhetri zesithuthi njengoko idlula i-AC/DC kwi-onboard converter. Ngoko ke, olu hlobo itshaja yombane inika amandla amaninzi kwaye iyakhawuleza. Olu hlobo lwetshaja lukhupha uluhlu lwe-15 kW ukuya kuma-350 kW, nto leyo iguqulela ukuya kuthi ga kwiikhilomitha ezingama-32 ngomzuzu. Ikakhulu zibekwe kwiindawo zokugcina izithuthi kunye nezikhululo zerhasi.

eziluncedo

-Inika elona xesha likhawulezayo lokutshaja njengoko iyi-DC.

nezingeloncedo

– Yeyona nkqubo yokutshaja ibiza kakhulu.

-Ubomi bebhetri bunokonakala ngokukhawuleza ukuba kuphela komthombo wamandla.

– Amakhaya kunye neepropathi ezininzi azikwazi ukuxhasa ubungakanani bamandla afunekayo.

isiphelo

Xa abathengi bethenga izithuthi zombane, kufuneka bazame ukufumana izisombululo ezifanelekileyo zokutshaja. Ayinakwenza ngqiqo ukuba nemoto ehambelana nokusingqongileyo kwaye usilele ukuhamba nayo. Ukuphendula, iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zibonelela ngeemoto zombane ezihambelana neendlela ezikhoyo zokutshaja. Iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ziquka; I-Tesla, i-Nissan, i-Volvo, i-Zoox, njl. Chovm.com.