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Ingqikelelo yebhetri yegraphene eyenziwe ngeeseli zeathom uqhagamshelo lwehexagon

IGraphene isetelwe ukuphazamisa iMarike yeBattery ye-EV

I-Graphene ibonakala izimisele ukuphazamisa imarike yebhetri yemoto yombane (EV) phakathi koo-2030, ngokutsho kweqonga elitsha lohlalutyo lobukrelekrele (AI) eliqikelela impumelelo yobuchwepheshe ngokusekelwe kwidatha yelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza.

Uthe ufuna eyiphi?
Uthe ufuna eyiphi?

Ngotshintsho lwehlabathi olusingise kwinkqubo yombane yokuqokelela isantya, ukhangelo lwebhetri ye-EV egqibeleleyo - ebonelela ngexabiso elifanelekileyo, ukuxinana kwamandla, ukhuseleko kunye nokuzinza kokusingqongileyo - kuya kuphawuleka ngakumbi. Kukho malunga neshumi elinesibini leekhemistri zebhetri ezilwela ulawulo lwemarike; ngubani oza kuvela ephumelele ngumbuzo wokwenene weetriliyoni zeedola. Kwixesha elikufutshane ubuncinane, iibhetri ze-lithium-based based grips ziyakwazi ukugcina ukubambelela kwazo kwimarike, kunye neebhetri ezisekelwe kwi-sodium enikezela ngenye indlela engabizi kwaye eluhlaza kwizicelo ezithile, ngokutsho kophando olutsha oluvela kwi-Focus, iqonga lokuhlalutya kwe-AI eliqikelela impumelelo yobuchwepheshe ngokusekelwe kwidatha yepatent yehlabathi. Yigraphene evelayo kunye neebhetri-ion ezimbini, nangona kunjalo, ezinokuphazamisa ngokwenene imarike ngenye imini.

Uphando lucebisa ukuba iibhetri zegraphene ngokukodwa ziya kuvela ekuqaleni ukuya phakathi kwe-2030s ukucela umngeni koogxa babo be-lithium kwisithsaba se-EV, njengoko ixabiso lemveliso yegraphene liwa ngokukhawuleza. Olu phuhliso aluthembisi nje kuphela ukuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-EV kodwa lukwabonelela ngenzuzo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwamandla kunye neethagethi zokunciphisa ikhabhoni. “Ukuba kukho itekhnoloji yebhetri enye ekufuneka uyijongile, yigraphene,” utshilo uJard van Ingen, iCEO yeFocus kunye nomseki.

Iibhetri zegraphene zazinelona zinga liphezulu lonyaka wokuphucula itekhnoloji ngo-2023 kuzo zonke iikhemistri zebhetri.

Abazenzisi abancinci

Ugxininiso luhlalutya imeko yangoku yeekhemistri zebhetri ze-EV kunye noqikelelo lokuba zeziphi ezijongeka ukuba zilawule kwiminyaka ezayo. Ukusebenzisa indlela ephefumlelweyo yophando oluvela kwi-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, iqonga lokuGxininisa liqhuba umthamo omkhulu wedatha yehlabathi jikelele ngexesha lokwenyani kusetyenziswa iindidi ezintathu ze-AI: iimodeli zolwimi ezinkulu zenza uphando oluqhubekayo kwii-archives zedatha ye-patent ye-tech scouting, amanqaku kunye nothelekiso; uphendlo lweVector lubonelela ngobukrelekrele bexesha lokwenyani kutshintsho lwehlabathi kunye nobume betekhnoloji; kunye ne-multivariate regression inikeza uhlalutyo oluqikelelweyo ngokuchonga ubudlelwane phakathi kwedatha kunye neziphumo zehlabathi zangempela. Ugqaliselo lubala 'Amanqanaba okuLungela kweTekhnoloji' ekuvuthweni kobuchwepheshe bebhetri kunye 'neRate yokuPhucula ubuChwepheshe' ukulinganisa ukunyuka kwentsebenzo ngedola ngonyaka kwiikhemistri zebhetri ezahlukeneyo.

"Ngokwenene, kwii-EVs, konke malunga nokufumana indawo emnandi phakathi koxinano lwamandla, ukhuseleko, iindleko kunye nokuzinza," kusho uKacper Gorski, intloko yemisebenzi yeFocus. “Nganye kwezi khemistri izisa into eyodwa etafileni, kwaye uphuhliso lwabo luya kubumba ikamva lokushukuma kombane. Umbuzo ophambili ngowokuba, yeyiphi eneneni eqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza kwaye iphikiswa kakhulu? ”

Ugxininiso lufumene ukuba zonke iitekhnoloji ezisekwe kwibhetri ye-lithium ziyaphucuka ngezantya ezifanayo. Iikhemistri eziphambili zangoku, i-lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt kunye ne-lithium-iron-phosphate, ziphucula unyaka nonyaka (YoY) kumazinga e-30% kunye ne-36%, ngokulandelanayo. Iibhetri zesulfure ze-lithium ziphucula kwi-30% ye-YoY kunye ne-silicon anodes kwi-32%, oku kuthetha ukuba izibini azinakwenzeka ukuba ziphazamise imarike - ngokwenene iteknoloji ephazamisayo inezantya zokuphucula ezibaluleke kakhulu kwaye zihlala ziphezulu kunabo bakhuphisana nabo. Ngokufanayo, nangona kuninzi kubhaliwe malunga nokubanakho kweebhetri ze-lithium eziqinileyo, i-Focus ifumene iteknoloji iphucula kuphela kwizinga le-31% ye-YoY, oku kuthetha ukuba nayo ayinakwenzeka ukuphazamisa ababambeleyo.

NgoFebruwari ukubhaliswa kweemoto ezintsha ngo-2007 ukuya ku-2023

Okufanayo kuya kwiibhetri ze-sodium ezine-hyped ezifanayo, ezinezinga le-33% lokuphucula - libeka ngaphakathi kwempazamo yokulinganisa iibhetri ze-lithium-iron-phosphate. UVan Ingen ucacisa ukuba iibhetri zesodium zinoxinzelelo lwamandla oluncinci, zinciphisa umgama onokuthi zinike ii-EVs ngaphandle kokongeza ubunzima obuninzi kwisithuthi. Ziya kuthi, nangona kunjalo, zibe nengqiqo kugcino olumileyo, apho ubunzima bungasisithinteli. “Ke ukuba yonke into oyifunayo ziibhetri ezinexabiso eliphantsi kwiimfuno zegridi, ke iibhetri zesodium zenza ingqondo eninzi,” utshilo. “Basenokusebenzela ii-EV ezikumgangatho osezantsi- ngenene, ngexabiso eliphantsi, izithuthi zokuvelisa umthamo ophakamileyo ezenzelwe imigama emifutshane. Yitekhnoloji ephucula ngokukhawuleza, ayizukuphazamisa ngokupheleleyo intengiso. ”

Yenye yeekhemistri zebhetri ezisakhulayo ezivelisa olona lonwabo. Iibhetri ze-Magnesium-sulphur ziphucula ngesantya se-24.4% YoY, iibhetri ze-magnesium-ion kwi-26%, iibhetri ze-nanowire kwi-35% kunye neebhetri ze-potassium-ion kwi-36%. Nangona kunjalo, zonke ezi ziphaphatheka xa zithelekiswa neebhetri zegraphene, eziphucuka nge-48.8% YoY, okanye iibhetri eziphindwe kabini, eziqhayisa nge-48.5% yokuphucula i-YoY. “Ngenxa yokuba ukuphuculwa kwezantya zegraphene kunye neebhetri eziphindwe kabini ziphezulu kakhulu kwaye zihlala ziphezulu kunezinye iikhemistri zebhetri, ezi zinokuthathwa njengeziphazamisayo,” utsho uvan Ingen.

Nangona kunjalo, kwintloko ukuya-entloko phakathi kweekhemistri ezimbini, i-Focus ikholelwa ukuba iibhetri zegraphene zibambe amandla aphezulu, njengoko uphando luphuhliswa ngakumbi kwaye into ifumaneka kuyo yonke indawo. Itekhnoloji inikezela ngenyathelo elikhulu ekusebenzeni kwee-EV, ezithembisa ukuxinana kwamandla aphezulu, ubomi bomjikelo obongezelelekileyo (inani lentlawulo kunye nemijikelo yokukhupha ibhetri inokugqiba ngaphambi kokulahlekelwa ukusebenza) kunye nokutshaja ngokukhawuleza. Eyona nto iphantsi kwayo ngoku ziindleko zayo ezinganyamezelekiyo, iqhutywa lixabiso elixhomileyo lexabiso lemveliso yegraphene.

UVan Ingen uthi: “Igraphene sisixhobo esisisiseko esivela kuwo nawuphi na umthombo wekhabhoni. "Izinto ezisisiseko zininzi, zigcwele yonke indawo, kodwa indlela yokuyijika ibe yigraphene ngumda. Iindlela zemveliso zangoku zibiza kakhulu. ”

ICandelo lezeziThuthi iM&A abacebisi bezomthetho abaphezulu abali-10 ngexabiso lilonke lexabiso le-US $ (mn) kunye noMqulu ka-2022

Iibhetri zegraphene, isiphazamisi sokwenyani

Ukuze iibhetri zegraphene ziphazamise imakethi ye-EV, iindleko zokuvelisa igraphene kufuneka zehle kakhulu. I-graphene okwangoku iveliswa malunga ne-$200,000 ngetoni nganye, okanye i-$200 ngekhilogram (kg). Kunzima ukuqikelela ukuba imveliso ingabizi mali ininzi kangakanani na phambi kokuba abavelisi baqalise ukuyisebenzisa kwiibhetri zabo, kodwa iFocus ikholelwa ukuba oku kuya kwenzeka xa igraphene ithelekiswa ne-lithium.  

I-Lithium carbonate okwangoku ixabisa malunga ne-$16/kg ukuvelisa kwaye abahlalutyi bakholelwa ukuba ingehla ngakumbi nge-30% ukuya kwi-$11/kg ngo-2024. Indlela yokuqikelela ye-Focus's forecasting iqikelela isantya sokuphuculwa kwemveliso yegraphene kuma-36.5% YoY. Ke, kuqikelelwa ixabiso langoku le-$200/kg kunye nexabiso ekujoliswe kulo le-11/kg, uqikelelo lwentelekelelo ye-graphene iya kuba nexabiso eliphantsi ngokwaneleyo ukuze imathiriyeli inyanzelise indlela yayo kwiikhemistri zebhetri malunga no-2031.

Ikhadi lenqaku elinomxholo: Iinkampani zokuHamba kwikamva kumxholo wezithuthi eziZimelayo

Ngokuka Focus, kukho malunga nama-300 emibutho esebenza ngoku kubuchwephesha bebhetri yegraphene. Kwiinkampani ezilishumi eziphezulu ezikwindawo engcono kakhulu yokuphazamisa imarike yeebhetri ngegraphene, iFocus ibeka iGlobal Graphene Group njengenkokeli. I-subsidiary yayo, iNkampani yeBattery ye-Honeycomb, isandula ukubhengeza isivumelwano esibalulekileyo sokudibanisa kunye ne-Nubia Brand International ejolise ekwandiseni imveliso ye-Honeycomb kunye nesakhono sophando, ngokugxila okuphambili kwitekhnoloji yebhetri ephucukileyo yee-EVs.

Ngokufanayo, i-StoreDot, i-start-up kuphela kwi-top ten, yenze inkqubela phambili ekhangayo kwi-2023. Inkampani imiselwe ukuveliswa kobuninzi beeseli zayo zebhetri '100in5' ngo-2024. Ezi seli zenzelwe ukuhambisa ubuncinane beekhilomitha ezili-100 ububanzi kunye nemizuzu emihlanu nje yokutshaja. I-StoreDot yenze izivumelwano zobuchule nezinto ezifana neVolvo Cars (Geely), VinFast kunye neFlex|N|Gate. Ekuqaleni kuka-2024, yasebenzisana neVolvo Cars 'Polestar kwidemo yokuqala yehlabathi ye-EV yokutshaja yemizuzu elishumi. Umgangatho wayo webhetri uqinisekisiwe emva kovavanyo ngabavelisi behlabathi abahamba phambili abali-15, bengabonisi kuthotywa nasemva kwe-1,000 lemijikelo 'yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza okukhulu' ngokulandelelanayo.

I-Toray Industries, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ichongiwe yi-Focus njengoyena mdlali okhawulezayo wokuphindaphinda (elona xesha liphantsi lomjikelo). Inkampani yenze inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kuphando lwayo lwebhetri yegraphene, iphuhlisa isisombululo sokusasazwa kwegraphene esine-ultra-thin graphene enobumanzi obugqwesileyo kunye nombane kunye ne-thermal conductivity - iluncedo ngakumbi kwizicelo ezifana nebhetri kunye nezixhobo zocingo. I-Toray ke ngoko iyakwazi ukwenza igraphene encinci kakhulu, ekumgangatho ophezulu kwizinto ezingabizi kakhulu zegraphite. Itekhnoloji, ithi iToray, ibonelela nge-50% ubomi bebhetri obungcono kunee-carbon nanotubes zemveli ezisetyenziswa njengee-agent eziqhubayo.

"Ukukhangela phambili, eyona nto ibangela ukuba iibhetri zegraphene zifumane indlela yokuvelisa enokuyenza ngokwenene kwinqanaba," uphetha uvan Ingen. Iselibala elilawulwa kakhulu luphando, kodwa oku kuya kuphumela kwihlabathi lokwenyani kule minyaka ilishumi izayo, ngokutsho kuGxininiso.

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