Isikhokelo sokuthenga uMtshini wokwenza amalahle

Oomatshini bokwenza amalahle bazise inguqu ephawulekayo kwimveliso yamalahle. Ezi zixhobo zikrelekrele ziguqula imathiriyeli eyohlukeneyo yebiomass ibe ngamalahle, ebonisa enye indlela eluhlaza kubuchule obuqhelekileyo bokuvelisa. Ngokudibanisa itekhnoloji ye-cutting-edge, aba matshini baye bayenza lula inkqubo yemveliso kwaye bayikhawulezisa ngakumbi, bangenisa ixesha lenguqu kwishishini. 

Esi sikhokelo sijonga nzulu kwizinto eziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ufumana umatshini wokwenza amalahle.

Isiqulatho
Isabelo semarike koomatshini bokwenza amalahle
Ukwakhiwa komatshini wokwenza amalahle
Iindidi zoomatshini bokwenza amalahle
Isikhokelo sokuthenga oomatshini bokwenza amalahle
isishwankathelo

Isabelo semarike koomatshini bokwenza amalahle

Ingxelo epapashwe ngu Idatha ye-Intero ibonisa ukuba ubungakanani beemarike zehlabathi kumatshini wokwenza amalahle buya kukhula kwi-CAGR ye-6.1% ukusuka kwi-2022 ukuya ku-2028. Isabelo semarike saba matshini siye sanyuka ngenxa yokudibana kwezinto. Ngogqaliselo oluphezulu lwehlabathi kuzinzo, aba matshini babonelela ngesisombululo eco-friendly ngokuguqula i-biomass ibe ngamalahle. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwabo, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo, kunye nemveliso elungelelanisiweyo ibenze babaluleke kakhulu kumashishini ajolise kwiinzuzo zoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo. 

Imfuno ivakaliswa kwimimandla efana ne-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia (kuquka i-Indonesia, iThailand, neVietnam) kunye neendawo ezithile zase-Afrika, apho ezolimo kunye namahlathi zikhula kakuhle. Ngokufanayo, iindawo zaseYurophu nakuMntla Melika ezinemigaqo engqongqo yokusingqongileyo nazo zifuna oomatshini bokwenza amalahle kwizenzo eziluhlaza. 

Ukwakhiwa komatshini wokwenza amalahle

Inkqubo yokwenza amalahle iqulethe izongezo ezibalulekileyo zokuguqula ngokufanelekileyo i-biomass ibe ngamalahle. Inkqubo iqala ngegajethi yokondla, ethi iveze imathiriyeli ekrwada efana neetshiphusi zamaplanga okanye i-sawdust. Ezi zinto ke zifakwa kwigumbi le-carbonization, iziko lomatshini, apho zifumana ukufudumeza okulawulwayo ukunika amalahle. 

Ingaba ngumbane, igesi, okanye i-biomass, umthombo wokufudumeza uphendula ngokuqalisa kunye nokugcina ubuchule be-carbonization. Emva kokuba i-carbonization igqityiwe, ukuqokelela kunye nomatshini wokukhupha kuya kudlala, kuququzelela ukupheliswa kwamalahle agqityiweyo kwinkqubo.

Ulawulo lwezakhiwo kunye neempawu zokhuseleko zibandakanyiwe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhethekileyo kunye nokukhuselekileyo. Ezi nkqubo zibonisa kwaye zilungelelanisa ubushushu, zibandakanya iindlela zokhuseleko ezifana neevalvu zokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokuvalwa okungxamisekileyo, kwaye zongamela ubuchule bubonke. I-aggregate yaloo macandelo ivumela ukwenziwa kohlaza kwamalahle.

Iindidi zoomatshini bokwenza amalahle

1. Izitofu zemveli zamalahle

zeMveli kwiziko lamalahle zisetyenzisiwe kangangeenkulungwane kwaye zibandakanya ukucotha kwepyrolysis yezinto ze-biomass kwindawo eneoksijini ephantsi. Ngelixa ngokwenkcubeko ibalulekile kwaye ithe ngqo, bakholisa ukuba nezinto ezisilelayo malunga nokusebenza ngempumelelo kunye nokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo. Ezi zitshi ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezincinci, zemveli apho ubuchwephesha bale mihla busenokungafumaneki lula okanye bufikeleleke.

Izitofu zamalahle esintu, ezihlala zinomthamo osusela kwi-100 ukuya kwi-500 yeekhilogram ngebhetshi nganye, zigcina ilifa lazo elibekekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, basebenza ngokukhululeka, bethatha iiyure ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-8 ukuze ibhetshi enye igqitywe. Ngokwexabiso, ezi kilns zibonisa ukuguquguquka, kunye neemodeli ezincinci ezingena malunga ne-USD 1,000 ukuya kwi-USD 5,000, ngelixa izinto ezinkulu neziphucukileyo zinokufikelela kumaxabiso angaphezu kwe-USD 10,000.

eziluncedo

-Iziko lemveli libambe ukubaluleka kwenkcubeko, ukugcina iindlela zemveli

-Zilula ukusebenza ngaphandle kwesidingo setekhnoloji ephezulu

– Iindleko zokuqala zokuseta ziphantsi xa kuthelekiswa noomatshini bale mihla

neengozi

-Iikhilni zemveli zingasebenzi kakuhle ngenxa yenkqubo yabo ende ye-carbonization

– Ulawulo olulinganiselweyo lobushushu lunokukhokelela kumgangatho ongalinganiyo wamalahle kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-VOC ephezulu

– Amalahle avelisiweyo asenokungabi nawo umgangatho ofanayo

2. Ukubuyisela kwizitofu zamalahle

Ukubuyisela kwiziko lamalahle ziyilelwe ukubamba kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe iigesi kunye nobushushu obuveliswa ngexesha le-carbonization, ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa. Inkqubo ye-loop evaliweyo iqinisekisa ukuba iigesi ezenziwe ngexesha lenkqubo zitshiswa kwakhona ukubonelela ukushisa, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle. 

Izitofu zokutshisa amalahle zinika inyathelo lokunyusa umthamo, zivelisa i-1 ukuya kwi-5 yeetoni zamalahle ngebhetshi nganye. Ngombulelo kuyilo lwabo oluvaliweyo, bakhawuleza inkqubo ye-carbonization, bayigqibe kwiiyure ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6. Utyalo-mali lokuqala luqala malunga ne-USD 5,000 kwiimodeli ezincinci ukuya kwi-USD 20,000 okanye ngaphezulu kwiiyunithi ezinkulu, ezisebenza kakuhle.

Olu hlobo lweziko luthandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokukwazi ukuvelisa amalahle omgangatho ophezulu ngelixa kuncitshiswa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo. Iiretort kilns ziqhele ukuqeshwa ngabavelisi abaphakathi ukuya kwabakhulu, bebeka phambili umgangatho wemveliso kunye nozinzo.

eziluncedo

– Ukomeleza amandla ngokusetyenziswa kwerhasi nobushushu

– Ukuveliswa kwamalahle akumgangatho ophezulu ngolawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu

– Ukunciphisa izinto ezikhutshwayo ngokutshiswa kwakhona kwerhasi evaliweyo

neengozi

-Ifuna utyalo-mali oluphezulu kwizixhobo ezinzima

-Iikhilni ezisebenzayo zokubuyiswa zingafuna uqeqesho olungakumbi kunye nobuchule xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zemveli

– Eyona ifaneleka kakhulu kwimveliso ephakathi ukuya kwezinkulu, ayilungele imisebenzi emincinci

3. Iifurnas ze-carbonization eziqhubekayo

Ijolise kwimveliso yomgangatho woshishino, amaziko carbonization okuqhubekayo bonelela ngendlela yokwenza amalahle alungelelanisiweyo. Ezi ziko zisebenza ngokuqhubekayo, zivumela ukuphuma okufanayo kwamalahle. Ziye zinezinga eliphezulu lokushisa kunye nokulawula ukuhamba komoya, ukuvelisa i-carbonization esebenzayo kunye nomgangatho wamalahle afanayo. 

Nangona kunjalo, ezi ziko zifuna utyalo-mali olukhulu kwaye zifaneleke ngcono ukusebenza ngemithombo ebalulekileyo ye-biomass kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zemveliso. Ubume bazo obuzisebenzelayo kunye nobuchule bobukhulu obukhulu bubenza balungele amashishini anenjongo yokuvelisa amalahle kwinqanaba lezorhwebo.

Ezi ziko ngamahashe okusebenzela, anamandla asusela kwiitoni ezi-5 ukuya kwezingama-20 zamalahle ngosuku okanye nangaphezulu. Basebenza ngokuqhubekayo, beqinisekisa imveliso engaguqukiyo, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo bathatha i-1 ukuya kwiiyure ze-2 ngebhetshi nganye. Nangona kunjalo, ithegi yabo yexabiso ibonisa amandla abo kwimizi-mveliso, iqala kwi-USD 50,000 kunye nokunyuka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-USD 100,000 okanye ngaphezulu kwiimodeli ezinkulu, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani kunye neempawu zabo.

eziluncedo

– Umsebenzi oqhubekayo uqinisekisa imveliso yamalahle engaguqukiyo

-Ulawulo oluphezulu lukhokelela kwi-carbonization esebenzayo kunye nomgangatho wamalahle afanayo

-Ifaneleke kakuhle kumashishini orhwebo ngenxa ye-automation kunye nezakhono ezinkulu

neengozi

– Kuyafuneka utyalo-mali lwangaphambili kwizixhobo nakwiziseko ezingundoqo

-Ifaneleke kakhulu imisebenzi enezixhobo ezininzi ze-biomass kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zemveliso

– Isenokubandakanya ugcino oluntsonkothileyo kunye nokongamela

4. Oomatshini bebriquette yamalahle

Oomatshini bebriquette yamalahle gxininisa ekuguquleni uthuli lwamalahle okanye i-biomass ibe yibriquette edibeneyo. Aba matshini bahlala besebenzisa izibophelelo kunye nezongezelelo ukuququzelela ucinezelo kunye nokuphucula iimpawu zokutshisa i-briquettes. Iibriquette eziphumayo zifana ngokumila kunye nokuxinana, nto leyo ezenza kube lula ukuziphatha, ukuthuthwa nokugcinwa kwazo. 

Aba matshini badume ngokusetyenziswa kwasekhaya kunye norhwebo ngenxa yokuba lula kwabo kunye nexesha lokutshisa elongeziweyo. Oomatshini bebriquette yamalahle balungiselela abo babeka phambili ukusebenziseka lula kunye nokupakishwa ngokufanelekileyo kwamalahle.

Oomatshini bebriquette yamalahle banika amandla ahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwiiyunithi ezincinci, ezenziwe ngesandla ezivelisa malunga neekhilogram ezingama-50 ngeyure ukuya ezinkulu, iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo ezikwazi ukuvelisa ukuya kwiikhilogram ezingama-5,000 (okanye iitoni ezi-5) zeebrikethi ngeyure. 

Oomatshini bokungena kwinqanaba lokungena ngokuqhelekileyo baqala malunga ne-USD 500. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubukhulu, amandla aphezulu, kunye neeyunithi ezizityebi ezizenzekelayo zinokusuka kwi-USD 10,000 ukuya kwi-USD 100,000, kuxhomekeke kumthamo wabo wemveliso kunye nobuchule obuphambili.

eziluncedo

-I-Briquettes ibonelela ngokupakishwa okufanelekileyo kunye nemilo efanayo kunye noxinaniso

– Banika ixesha lokutshisa ixesha elide kunamalahle

-Ifanelekile kubasebenzisi basekhaya nabezorhwebo abaxabisa ukusetyenziswa ngokulula kunye nokupakishwa okusebenzayo

neengozi

– Ukuxhomekeka kwizibophelelo kunye nezongezo kunokuchaphazela ubunyulu bamalahle

– Aba matshini basebenza ngokukhethekileyo kwimveliso yebriquette kwaye ayinakuguquguquka kwezinye iimveliso zamalahle

– Kukho iindleko zokuqala ezibandakanyekayo ekuthengeni nasekugcineni oomatshini

Isikhokelo sokuthenga oomatshini bokwenza amalahle

1. Isikhundla

Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokungenamthungo, ukulungelelanisa imveliso yomatshini neemfuno zemveliso kubalulekile. Ukuhamba kumngcipheko omncinci wokungasetyenziswa kakuhle, okunokuthi kuthintele ukusebenza kakuhle, ngelixa ukhetha umatshini wokwenza amalahle odlula iimfuno kunokubangela iziphumo ezisezantsi. Useka imveliso ehambelanayo nesebenzayo ngokujonga iimfuno zemveliso ngokuchasene namandla omatshini. 

Iitoni zamalahle zesintu zihlala zivelisa malunga ne-1 ukuya kwi-5 yeetoni zamalahle ngebhetshi nganye, iitoni zamalahle ezibuyisela ilahle ziqhelekile ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-10 yeetoni ngebhetshi nganye, iitoni eziqhubekayo ze-carbonization zinokuphatha i-500 kg ukuya kwi-10 yeetoni ngeyure ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani kunye noyilo, kunye namalahle amalahle e-vary 100 aqhele ukuvelisa i-briquette ye-1000 idla ngokuvelisa i-vary XNUMX. iibrikethi ngeyure.

2. Ixabiso

Ngelixa ukuqwalasela ukufikeleleka kububulumko, ukuvavanya imbuyekezo enokubakho kutyalo-mali kubo bonke ubomi bomatshini kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Khumbula ukuba utyalo-mali ngakumbi ekuqaleni a umatshini wokwenza amalahle ebonelela ngokusebenza okuphuculweyo kunye nokuqina kunokukhokelela ekongeni kweendleko ezinkulu ekuhambeni kwexesha. 

Uluhlu lwamaxabiso kwizitofu zemveli zamalahle phakathi kwe-USD 300 kunye ne-USD 3,000. Iziko lokubuyisela amalahle ziqala malunga ne-USD 5,000, ezinokunyuka ziye kwi-USD 20,000 okanye ngaphezulu ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu kunye neempawu. Iifarnas zekhabhoni eziqhubekayo ziwa malunga ne-USD 10,000 ukuya kwi-USD 30,000, ngokuxhomekeke kumthamo kunye nobunzima bobuchwepheshe. Oomatshini bebriquette yamalahle babonisa uluhlu olubanzi lwexabiso, kunye neendleko ezihluka ngokubanzi ukusuka kwi-USD 3,000 ukuya kwi-USD 50,000 okanye ngaphezulu, 

3. Ukusebenza kakuhle

Oomatshini bokwenza amalahle ukubandakanya ubugcisa obuphezulu buhlala bubonisa ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuphucula umgangatho wamalahle kunye nokunciphisa ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma. Ngaphandle kweendleko zangaphambili ezinokuthi zibekho, ezi zikhetho ziphucukileyo zifanele ukuqwalaselwa kubuchule bazo bokubonelela ngexabiso eligqwesileyo ngokubanzi. 

Izitofu zamalahle zemveli zinokuba nokusebenza okuphantsi ngenxa yexesha elide lokusetyenzwa kunye nolawulo oluncinci. Izitofu ze-retort charcoal ziyilelwe ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wemveliso. Iinqwelo ze-carbonization eziqhubekayo zixhotyiswe ngolawulo oluchanekileyo lokulawulwa kweqondo lokushisa elichanekileyo kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo, kunye noomatshini be-briquette yamalahle, ngokuxhomekeke kuyilo lwabo, banokunikezela ngokufanelekileyo okuphezulu ekucinezeleni i-biomass kunye namaqhekeza amalahle kwiibriquette ezifanayo. 

4. Uhlobo lwemathiriyeli ekrwada

Ukuqwalasela ukuhlukahluka kwezinto ze-biomass, ezihambelana ne umatshini wokwenza amalahle ngezibonelelo ezikhoyo kubalulekile. Qinisekisa ukuba umatshini unobuchule bokulungisa imathiriyeli ekrwada efana neetshiphu zamaplanga, i-sawdust, inkunkuma yezolimo, okanye eminye imithombo.

Ngokomzekelo, izitofu zamalahle zidla ngokuphatha iinkuni okanye amasebe. Izitofu zeRetort charcoal zisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi kwaye zinokusebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ze biomass, kubandakanywa uthuli lwamaplanga kunye neentsalela zezolimo. Iifarnas ze-carbonization eziqhubekayo zenzelwe ukuhlalisa uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto ze-biomass. Oomatshini bebriquette yamalahle benzelwe ukucinezela ngokufanelekileyo umxube wothuli lwamalahle, i-sawdust, kunye nezinye izibophelelo kwiibriquette zokumila kunye nobukhulu obuhambelanayo. 

5. Isantya

Umlinganiselo apho a umatshini wokwenza amalahle imisebenzi inobunzima obukhulu, ngakumbi kumashishini orhwebo. Nangona kunjalo, ukulinganisa ukulinganisela phakathi kwesantya kunye nomgangatho wamalahle kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngelixa ukubeka phambili koomatshini abakhawulezayo kuhambelana neenjongo zemveliso, kubalulekile ukuba ungabeki esichengeni ukuthembeka kwemveliso yokugqibela. 

Ukubonelela ngengqiqo esebenzayo yesantya, izitofu zamalahle zemveli zisenokufuna iintsuku zokuqukunjelwa kwebhetshi, iitoli zamalahle ezibuyiselwayo zinokuyikhawulezisa inkqubo ukuya kwiiyure ezimbalwa, iziko le-carbonization eziqhubekayo zenza umsebenzi oqhubekayo ukusuka kwiiyure ezininzi ukuya kusuku olupheleleyo, kunye noomatshini bebriquette yamalahle banokuvelisa izinto ezininzi ezidityanisiweyo zomatshini kunye noyilo lomcimbi kwiyure enye.

6. Ukuqina

Ukukhetha ukwakhiwa ngamandla umatshini wokwenza amalahle yenziwe ngemathiriyeli eyomeleleyo ifana notyalo-mali kumatshini wobomi obandisiweyo bokusebenza. Obu bude bobomi sisithintelo ngokuchasene nokuphazamiseka okungalindelekanga okuvela kukonakala okunokwenzeka. Olu gxininiso ekomeleleni luqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwaye lugxininisa ukusebenza kwexesha elide kweshishini lokuvelisa amalahle. Ngokomndilili, oomatshini bokwenza amalahle banokuhlala phakathi kweminyaka eli-10 ukuya kwengama-30, kuxhomekeke kugcino kunye nobungakanani bokusebenzisa. 

isishwankathelo

Ukuqukumbela, ukuphonononga koomatshini bokwenza amalahle kufuna ingqalelo ecingisisiweyo yezinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. Ukusuka kumthamo kunye nexabiso ukuya ekusebenzeni kakuhle, imathiriyeli ekrwada, isantya, umgangatho, kunye nokuqina, icandelo ngalinye libumba kakhulu isiphumo salo naliphi na iphulo lokuvelisa amalahle. Jonga uluhlu olwahlukeneyo lweenketho kwaye ujonge nzulu Chovm.com.