Isikhokelo sokuKhetha esona siLawuli sokuTjiswa kweSola

Ekufuneni kwethu izisombululo zamandla azinzileyo, amandla elanga avele njengendlela ethembekileyo. Kwezi nkqubo, izilawuli zelanga zidlala indima ebalulekileyo, ingekuko nje ukulawula ukuhamba kwamandla ombane kodwa nokukhusela iibhetri ekutshajweni ngokugqithisileyo, zinceda ukuqinisekisa ubomi obude nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo.

Eli nqaku lijonga kwihlabathi labalawuli bentlawulo yelanga, liphonononga iinkcazo zabo ezisisiseko kunye nokuhlelwa okwahlukeneyo, ukunceda uqonde indima yabo ebaluleke kakhulu kolu shishino lukhulayo. Ukongeza, siza kubonelela ngeengcebiso ezisebenzayo malunga nendlela yokukhetha isilawuli esifanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho.

Isiqulatho
Zithini izilawuli zesola?
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zabalawuli bentlawulo yelanga
Iinketho zokukhetha umlawuli
isishwankathelo

Zithini izilawuli zesola?

Abalawuli bentlawulo yelanga yinxalenye ephambili ye iinkqubo zamandla elanga, ukulawula i-current kunye ne-voltage ehamba ukusuka kwipaneli yelanga ukuya kwibhetri. Indima yayo ephambili kukukhusela ibhetri ekutshajweni nasekukhutshweni kakhulu, ukwandisa ubomi bebhetri kunye nokugcina uzinzo lwenkqubo. 

Umlawuli wentlawulo ubeka iliso kwimo yebhetri kwaye uhlengahlengise iiparamitha zayo zokutshaja ukuqinisekisa ukuba ihlawulisa ngokufanelekileyo ngelixa ikhusela amandla achithwayo. Ukongeza, iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwayo yonke inkqubo yamandla elanga, ngakumbi xa isebenza phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo kunye neemfuno zomthwalo. 

Ngokomzekelo, abalawuli bentlawulo ephezulu baxhotyiswe ngeteknoloji ephezulu yokulandelela i-power point (MPPT), enceda ukubamba ubuninzi bamandla obunokwenzeka kwiipaneli zelanga.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, abalawuli bentlawulo yelanga baquka uluhlu lweebhodi zeesekethe ezibeka iliso kwaye zilawule i-current and voltage ukusuka kwipaneli yelanga ukuya kwibhetri. Ikwabandakanya umboniso obonisa ulwazi oluphambili, olufana nenqanaba lokutshaja kunye nenqanaba lebhetri. 

Umthamo wangoku yiparameter engundoqo xa ukhetha umlawuli wentlawulo yelanga njengoko iya kugqiba umthamo wepaneli yelanga kunye nebhetri. Amanqanaba ombane, ubukhulu becala kwiintlobo ze-12V, 24V, kunye ne-48V, nazo zibalulekile kwaye kufuneka zihambelane nayo yonke inkqubo.

Iimodyuli ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu zinokubandakanya ezinye izinto ezinje ngokujongwa kude, iiLCDs, ukuhambelana kohlobo lwebhetri ezininzi, kunye nokunye. Ngokubanzi, ukhetho oluchanekileyo lwesilawuli sentlawulo yelanga kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zabalawuli bentlawulo yelanga

Izilawuli zentlawulo yelanga zihlelwe ikakhulu kwiindidi ezimbini: ukumodareyitha kobubanzi be-pulse (PWM) abalawuli kunye nendawo enkulu yokulandela umkhondo (MPPT) abalawuli.

Abalawuli bePWM

PWM abalawuli balawula inkqubo yokutshaja ibhetri ngokuhlengahlengisa ubude “bobubanzi bepulse.” Le ndlela yokulawula ibandakanya ukutshintsha phakathi kokutshaja kwangoku kunye nombane ukulinganisa imfuno yokutshaja yebhetri. 

Njengoko ibhetri isondela ekugqityweni, i PWM isilawuli sinciphisa amandla ombane wokutshaja ukunqanda ukutshaja, nto leyo enceda ukwandisa ubomi bebhetri. Le ndlela ifana nendlela inkqubo yokutshaja rhoqo "ithontsizwa" ukugcina ibhetri ikwimo elungileyo.

Olu hlobo lolawulo lwentlawulo lunolu ncedo lulandelayo:

Isebenza kakuhle emalini: Abalawuli be-PWM badla ngexabiso eliphantsi xa kuthelekiswa MPPT abalawuli kwaye bafanele ukufakela apho kukho uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olulinganiselweyo.

Ilula kwaye inokuthenjwa: Aba balawuli balula kuyilo, banokuthenjwa ekusebenzeni, kwaye banemfuno ephantsi yokugcinwa.

Ifanelekile kwiinkqubo ezincinci: Kwiinkqubo ezincinci zokuhlala okanye izicelo eziphathekayo zelanga, abalawuli be-PWM banikezela ngesisombululo esifikelelekayo.

Ukuhambelana okukhulu kwenkqubo: Ifanelekile kuluhlu olubanzi lweenkqubo zombane eziqhelekileyo, ezifana ne-12V, i-24V, njl., kwaye ihambelana ngokulula noluhlu olubanzi lweemodyuli zelanga.

Ukusebenza okugqwesileyo kokutshaja: Phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, isilawuli se-PWM siyasebenza ekuncedeni ukugcina ixesha elide lebhetri.

Ezi ntlobo zeenkqubo zineemeko ezahlukeneyo zesicelo:

Iinkqubo zelanga zasekhaya: PWM abalawuli lukhetho olungabizi kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokuhlala apho imfuno yamandla ingekho phezulu kakhulu.

Ngaphandle kwegridi kunye nezicelo eziphathwayo: Ngokomzekelo, iinkampu, iinqanawa, iikhabhini kwiindawo ezikude, njl.

Iiprojekthi ezinohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olunyiniweyo: Izibane zelanga ezitalatweni, iinkqubo zempompo ezincinci, okanye ezinye izicelo ezineemfuno zamandla aphantsi.

Lilonke, abalawuli be-PWM baxabisa kakhulu, balula, kwaye bathembekile. Zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizicelo ezininzi zelanga kwaye zifaneleke ngokukodwa kwiinkqubo ezincinci, ezinohlahlo lwabiwo-mali apho ukusebenza okuphezulu kungabalulekanga.

abalawuli beMPPT

MPPT abalawuli luhlobo olusebenzayo lwesilawuli sentlawulo yelanga esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkqubo zamandla elanga zemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo. Amandla abo angundoqo anxulumene nokukhupha amandla aphezulu anokubakho kwiiphaneli zelanga, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kuyo yonke inkqubo. 

Abalawuli beMPPT bafumana indawo ephezulu yamandla (MPP) ngokubeka iliso kwi-voltage ephumayo kunye nokukhoyo kweepaneli zelanga ngexesha langempela kunye nokulungelelanisa ukuchasana nomthwalo okanye izinga lokuguqulwa ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokwenza njalo, banokuphucula ukusebenza kweepaneli phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya kunye namaqondo okushisa, okubangelwa ukusebenza okuphezulu kunabalawuli be-PWM.

Olu hlobo lwesilawuli sentlawulo sinezi nzuzo zilandelayo:

Uguqulo olusebenzayo: Abalawuli beMPPT banokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kwamandla ukusuka kwipaneli yelanga ukuya kwibhetri, ngokuqhelekileyo i-20% ukuya kwi-30% ephezulu kunabalawuli be-PWM.

Ukuziqhelanisa neemeko zokukhanyisa: Banokuphucula ukusebenza kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya, ngakumbi ebusika okanye ngeentsuku ezinamafu.

Ilungele iiphaneli ezahlukeneyo: Abalawuli beMPPT banokusingatha iipaneli eziphezulu zombane, ukubonelela abasebenzisi ngeendlela ezininzi zokucwangcisa.

Ukunciphisa iindleko zexesha elide: Nangona utyalo-mali lokuqala luphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphuculweyo kunye nekhono lokuvuna amandla linciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokusebenza zexesha elide.

Ezi ntlobo zolawulo lwentlawulo zinezi nzuzo zilandelayo:

Iiprojekthi ezinkulu zorhwebo kunye neshishini lelanga: Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwabalawuli beMPPT kudlala indima ephambili kwezi projekthi ezifuna inani elikhulu lokuphuma kwamandla.

Ukuguquguqulwa: Abalawuli be-MPPT bakhulisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga kwiindawo ezinokukhanya okungahambi kakuhle okanye iiyure ezimfutshane zemini, kwaye baqinisekise ukuba inkqubo nayo isebenza ngokufanelekileyo.

ukuhambelana: Efanelekileyo kwiinkqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifuna iindidi ezininzi zeepaneli kunye nokucwangciswa kwebhetri, zibonelela ngokunyuka kokuguquguquka.

Ukwandiswa: Abalawuli beMPPT bayindlela efanelekileyo xa kukho imfuneko yokuphucula ukusebenza kwenkqubo ekhoyo yelanga.

Ngamafutshane, abalawuli beMPPT bathatha inxaxheba ebalulekileyo ekufuneni izicelo zelanga ngenxa yokusebenza kwabo okuphezulu kunye nokuguquguquka. Nangona iindleko zabo eziphezulu, zibonelela ngokulondoloza amandla amaninzi kunye nokukwazi ukugcina kwiindleko zokusebenza kwexesha elide. 

Ngoko ke, zinokuthi zifaneleke ngakumbi kwiinkqubo zelanga ezinkulu, ezinzima, okanye kufuneka zisebenze kwiindawo ezinokukhanya okungazinzanga.

Iinketho zokukhetha umlawuli

A PWM umlawuli kufuneka akhethwe kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• Inkqubo yakho incinci (umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwendawo yokuhlala okanye inkqubo encinci yegridi) kwaye unohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olulinganiselweyo
• Inkqubo ayifuni ukukhutshwa kwamandla aphezulu kwiipaneli zelanga kwaye ixhalabele ngakumbi ngeendleko-zokusebenza
• Ukhangela isixokelelwano esilula ekulula ukusifaka nokuyigcina

MPPT abalawuli kufuneka bakhethwe kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• Iinkqubo ezinkulu okanye abo bafuna usetyenziso olukumgangatho ophezulu (umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwezorhwebo okanye kushishino)
• Ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinokukhanya okuguquguqukayo kokukhanya okanye ukuhluka okuphezulu kwexesha lonyaka
• Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kuyafuneka, oko kuyenza ixabiseke kutyalomali oluphezulu

isishwankathelo

Ngaphambi kokuba uthenge isilawuli sentlawulo, kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo izinto ezininzi. Ezi ziquka:

• Sukuhambelana kwenkqubo: Qinisekisa ukuba isilawuli esikhethiweyo siyahambelana neepaneli zakho zelanga kunye neebhetri.
• Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali: Khetha umlawuli ofanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwakho. Khumbula ukuba abalawuli abanexabiso eliphantsi basenokungasebenzi kakuhle, ngelixa abalawuli abadurayo banokubonelela ngeempawu ezongezelelekileyo kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu.
• Uphawu kunye nomgangatho: Ukukhetha uphawu olwaziwayo kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wemveliso kunokunyusa ukuthembeka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yakho
• Iwaranti nenkonzo: Jonga ixesha lewaranti yemveliso kunye nenkonzo yabathengi enikezelwa ngumenzi

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