Kulo naliphi na ishishini elifuna ukwenza okanye ukuthenga iimpahla ngaphandle kwe-US, kwaye emva koko zingeniswe e-US ukuze zisetyenziswe ekhaya, kubalulekile ukuba ube nokuqonda malunga nokukhutshwa kwempahla kunye nendlela esebenza ngayo. Iunited States Izithethe kunye noKhuseleko lweMida (CBP) inyanzelisa imithetho kunye nemimiselo kwimida yase-US, ilawula ukuba zeziphi iimpahla ezinokungena kweli lizwe, kwaye yeyiphi imisebenzi, iirhafu kunye nezinye iintlawulo ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ukwenza oko. Eli nqaku licacisa indima ye-CBP namahlakani ayo, nemiba ephambili yokukhutshwa kwempahla evela kumazwe angaphandle.
Isiqulatho
Zeziphi iziseko zokungeniswa kwe-US kunye nezeSiko?
Yintoni inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwempahla evela e-US?
Ngoobani amaqela abandakanyekayo kwinkqubo yokungenisa elizweni yase-US?
Yintoni ukuthobela iCustoms kunye neziphumo zako?
Ingaba iCustoms iluchaphazela njani urhwebo lwe-e-commerce kunye nexabiso eliphantsi lokuthenga ngaphandle?
Amanqaku aphambili ashwankathelayo
Zeziphi iziseko zokungeniswa kwe-US kunye nezeSiko?

Indima yeCustoms kunye noKhuseleko lweBorder (CBP)
I-United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP) ngomnye weyona mibutho mikhulu yokuthotyelwa komthetho ehlabathini. Inoxanduva lokukhusela kunye nokuququzelela urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, ukuvavanya nokuqokelela imisebenzi, iirhafu kunye neentlawulo, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho kunye nemimiselo yeCustoms yase-US. Ikwabonelela ngesikhokelo senkqubo yokunceda abathumeli bangaphandle baqinisekise ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwabo akunasiphazamiso esikhohlakeleyo, okanye ukuphazamisa imigqomo okanye iimpahla zorhwebo.
Umrhwebi weRekhodi (IOR) kunye noxanduva
Yintoni uMngenisi weRekhodi? Njengoko kuchaziwe yi-CBP, i Umngenisi weRekhodi kweli lizwe (IOR) inoxanduva lokufayilisha zonke amaxwebhu okungena afunekayo okungenisa elizweni kwi-port yokungena, kwaye inoxanduva ngokusemthethweni lokuchaneka kwamaxwebhu.
UMthengisi weRekhodi unokuba ngumnini, umthengi, okanye umthengisi omiselweyo onelayisenisi. Iifomu zokungenela i-CBP zicela inombolo yokungenisa elizweni, ekholisa ukuba nguMrhwebi weeRekhodi Inombolo yobhaliso yeshishini le-IRS okanye inombolo yokhuseleko loluntu.
Ukuqonda iimfuno zokukhutshwa kwezithethe zase-US kunye nokucubungula kunokuba nzima. Ke ngoko, umntu othenga kumazwe angaphandle angakwazi ukusebenzisana neenkonzo zomthengisi onelayisenisi oqhelene nenkqubo yokungenisa elizweni kunye neemfuno zempahla yakho ethile. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-broker ye-customs enelayisensi ayithathi uxanduva olusemthethweni kumntu ongenisa ngaphandle kumaxwebhu afakwe kwi-custos clearance.
Iziseko zemisebenzi kunye namaxabiso
Imirhumo kunye neerhafu zikhona ngenjongo yokunyusa ingeniso karhulumente, ukukhusela amashishini asekhaya, kunye nokuphembelela umgaqo-nkqubo worhwebo.
Imisebenzi kunye namaxabiso anokuthi abekwe kwiimveliso ezingeniswa e-US, kwaye isixa sabo esithile asinakuhlolwa ngokupheleleyo de yonke ingcaciso yokungena ihlaziywe yi-Customs. Ke ngoko, ukunika amaxwebhu achanekileyo kunye nolwazi kwiCustoms ayiyomfuneko yokuthotyelwa kuphela, kodwa kunokuchaphazela isixa esipheleleyo semisebenzi kunye neerhafu ngokunjalo.
Yintoni inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwempahla evela e-US?
Inkqubo yokungenisa elizweni ye-CBP
- Xa imithwalo ifika eUnited States, uMthengisi weRekhodi uya kungenisa amaxwebhu okungenela iimpahla kwi-CBP kwizibuko lokungena.
- I-bill of lading ingasebenza njengobungqina belungelo lokungena, okanye i-waybill yomoya isenokusetyenziswa kurhwebo olufika ngenqwelomoya.
- Ukubhengezwa kweempahla ezingeniswayo ukuba zisetyenziswe ekhaya kunokwenziwa ngekhompyutha kusetyenziswa ujongano oluzenzekelayo lwe-CBP .
- Emva kokungeniswa kokungeniswa kokungeniswa, ukuthunyelwa kunokuhlolwa, okanye uviwo lunokuchithwa. Ukuthunyelwa ke kukhululwa, ukubonelela ukuba akukho kuphulwa komthetho okanye ukulawulwa kwenzeke.
- Umrhwebi othenga kumazwe angaphandle kufuneka aqhagamshelane nezinye ii-arhente ukuba kukho imibuzo ephakamayo malunga neemveliso ezithile.
Ungeno lweCustoms kunye namaxwebhu
Ukwenzela urhwebo olusuka kumazwe angaphandle, i-CBP idla ngokusetyenziswa IFomu 7501 “isiShwankathelo sokungeniswa” ukugqiba ulwazi olufanelekileyo lwempahla yorhwebo ethunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle, kubandakanywa ukuxatyiswa kwexabiso, ukuhlelwa, ilizwe lemvelaphi, njl.
Isishwankathelo esifutshane sokukhapha maxwebhu kwifom yokungenela ibandakanya:
- I-Entry Manifest (iFomu ye-CBP 7533) okanye iSicelo, iMvume eKhethekileyo yokuHanjiswa kwangoku (iFomu ye-CBP 3461), okanye olunye uhlobo lokukhutshwa kwempahla efunwa yi-CBP.
- Ubungqina belungelo lokungena
- I-invoyisi yentengiso
- Uluhlu lokupakisha, ukuba kufanelekile
- Amanye amaxwebhu ayimfuneko ukumisela ukuvunywa kwempahla
Ukubalwa kwemirhumo, iirhafu kunye nemirhumo
I-CBP isebenzisa i- INkqubo yoMrhumo oLungelelanisiweyo (HTS) ukumisela iirhafu zemisebenzi kunye neerhafu. Kumrhwebi, iKomishoni yoRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe yase-US Isiseko seDatha seRhafu ingasetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngexabiso lentlawulo yemveliso ethile, ukuya kuthi ga apho ikhowudi yayo yerhafu imisiwe. I-CBP iya kuphonononga isixa-mali sokugqibela ngokusekwe kwikhowudi yoluhlu lwamaxabiso nakwixabiso elibhengeziweyo lempahla yorhwebo.
I-CBP ikwaqokelela iirhafu zomdibaniso egameni lezinye ii-arhente zomdibaniso, apho kufanelekileyo. Uvavanyo lwazo naziphi na ezinye iirhafu zokungenisa elizweni ziya kuxhomekeka kwimpahla yorhwebo ethunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle. Umzekelo, ukungeniswa kweziselo ezinxilisayo okanye iimveliso zecuba ziya kuxhomekeka kwiRhafu yeRhafu yeRhafu.
Intlawulo yomsebenzisi we-CBP
Ukongeza kwimisebenzi kunye nerhafu yerhafu, i-CBP ikwaqokelela 'iintlawulo zabasebenzisi' kwizinto ezingeniswa e-US. Oku kuya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lokungena kunye nendlela yokuthutha esetyenziselwa ukuzisa iimpahla e-US. Nantsi imizekelo embalwa.
Umrhumo wokuLungiswa kweMpahla (MPF)
Ungeniso olusesikweni nolungekho sikweni e-US luxhomekeke kwiMrhumo woLungiso loRhwebo (MPF). Lo mrhumo usekelwe kwipesenti yexabiso lempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle, ngaphandle kwentlawulo, imithwalo, kunye neentlawulo ze-inshorensi, kwaye ibalwa kwi-0.3464% kwixabiso lokungeniswa kwezinto ezisemthethweni. Kumangenelo angekho sikweni (umzekelo ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe kuxabisa ngaphantsi kwe-$2,500) i-MPF yintlawulo emiselweyo nokuba yi-$2.22, i-$6.66 okanye i-$9.99 ngempahla nganye.
Umrhumo wokuLondolozwa kweZibuko (HMF)
Ukuba iimpahla zingeniswa ngenqanawa, ngoko ke i-CBP ikwaqokelela i-Harbour Maintenance Fee (HMF) eyi-0.125% yexabiso lomthwalo. I-HMF ayiqokelelwa kumthwalo othunyelwa ngeposi okanye ongeniswe ngaphandle ngomoya.
Ngoobani amaqela abandakanyekayo kwinkqubo yokungenisa elizweni yase-US?
Amaqela aphambili abandakanyekayo kwinkqubo yokungenisa elizweni angashwankathelwa ngolu hlobo:
- Umthumeli/uMvelisi/uMthumeli: iqela elithumela iimpahla ukusuka kwimvelaphi
- Umamkeli/uMthengi/Umthumeli: iqela apho iimpahla zithunyelwa khona
- Umngenisi weRekhodi kumazwe angaphandle: iqela elinoxanduva ngokusemthethweni lokungenisa amaxwebhu apheleleyo nachanekileyo kwi-CBP
- I-Customs Broker: Iqela lesithathu elinikwe ilayisenisi yi-CBP ukuba lixhase/lenze egameni lalowo ungenisa impahla kweli lizwe
Indima ye-Customs Broker
Umrhwebi wezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle angaqeshwa ngumrhwebi ukuba enze egameni lakhe ukuba angenise onke amaxwebhu kwi-CBP ukuze kuqwalaselwe ukukhutshwa kweempahla neenkonzo. Lo ngumbutho okhoyo inikwe ilayisenisi yi-CBP njengoko sinolwazi oluyimfuneko lwemithetho/imimiselo yeCustoms yase-US, iinkqubo zokungenisa elizweni kunye neemfuno, kunye neempahla zorhwebo.
I-Customs broker iququzelela ukukhutshwa kwempahla kumrhwebi, kodwa ayingomrhwebi osemthethweni wempahla, kwaye ayinaxanduva ngokusemthethweni lokuhlawula imisebenzi kunye neerhafu.
Yintoni ukuthobela iCustoms kunye neziphumo zako?

I-US CBP isebenzisa inkqubo 'yokuthobela ulwazi' kunye nengcamango 'yononophelo olufanelekileyo' ngokunxulumene izibophelelo zokuthobela.
Ukuthobela ulwazi
Uthotyelo lolwazi luthatha uxanduva ekwabelwana ngalo phakathi kwe-CBP noluntu oluvela kumazwe angaphandle. I-CBP iyazizisa iimfuno zayo, imithetho nemigaqo kuluntu oluvela kwamanye amazwe, kwaye uluntu luyavuma ukuyithobela. Oku kuthobela ukwaziswa kuluncedo kuwo omabini amaqela.
Olona lindelo luphambili lokuthotyelwa kolwazi kukuba umrhwebi usebenzisa inkathalo efanelekileyo xa engenisa.
Inkathalo esengqiqweni
Ukhathalelo olufanelekileyo luxanduva olucacileyo lomrhwebi. Kulindeleke ukuba bathathe onke amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba uthutho luthobela yonke imithetho kunye neemfuno, kwaye onke amaxwebhu agqitywe ngokufanelekileyo nangokuchanekileyo.
Imiba yokungenisa eqhelekileyo
Amaxwebhu angachanekanga okanye angaphelelanga, okanye ulwazi olungachazwanga kakuhle, lunokudala ukulibaziseka kokungena kunye nokufumana izohlwayo, kodwa le yimiba eqhelekileyo ejongene nabathumeli bangaphandle.
Amaxwebhu kufuneka abe nalo lonke ulwazi olufunwa ngumthetho okanye imimiselo, kwaye zonke iingxelo mazibe yinyaniso kwaye zichaneke. Ulwazi olungachanekanga, olungaphelelanga okanye olulahlekisayo oluthiwe thaca kwi-CBP lunokubangela ukulibaziseka ekukhululweni kweempahla, izohlwayo ezinokubakho, okanye ekuvalelweni iimpahla.
Njengoko kuchazwa 'lunekekelo olufanelekileyo', umrhwebi ongenisa impahla evela kumazwe angaphandle kusenokufuneka aqinisekise ukuba uye wasebenzisa inkuthalo efanelekileyo, okanye wayengakhathali, ukuthintela izohlwayo ezinokubakho okanye ukulibaziseka kokukhutshwa kwempahla yi-CBP.
Iimfuno ze-Arhente kaRhulumente (PGA) zokungenisa elizweni
Ngaphandle kwe-CBP, kukho ezinye ii-arhente zikarhulumente ezilawula izinto zorhwebo e-US, ezifana nezityalo nokutya, amayeza neziyobisi, intlanzi nezilwanyana zasendle, utywala necuba. Ezi-Arhente zikaRhulumente zamaNtsebenziswano (PGAs) zilawula iindidi ngeendidi zeemveliso, kwaye ezinye zorhwebo zinokulawulwa yiPGA engaphezulu kwesinye.
Nangona iyi-Arhente zikaRhulumente (ii-PGAs) ezilawula izinto ezinxulumeneyo, i-CBP isebenza njenge-arhente yonyanzeliso lwaloo migaqo ye-PGA kwindawo yokungena.
Izohlwayo zeCustoms zase-US
Xa umrhwebi ongenisa impahla evela kumazwe angaphandle engaphumelelanga ukuthobela iimfuno ezifanelekileyo zokuthengwa kwempahla kweli, kukho izohlwayo ezinokuthi zibe kho kwi-CBP. Imiba yokungathotyelwa ingabandakanya ukwenza iingxelo ezibubuxoki, ukuxela kakubi imveliso okanye ixabiso layo, ukushiya ulwazi ngokwazi, okanye okunye ukusilela ekusebenziseni iqondo lokhathalelo olufanelekileyo olulindelekileyo.
Ngokuphathelele kwizohlwayo zoluntu, i-CBP inokusebenzisa oku kulandelayo:
Isohlwayo sase-US sobuqhophololo
Ngobuqhophololo, ixabiso langaphakathi lempahla ethengiweyo evela kumazwe angaphandle, elichazwa yi-CBP njengokuliphinda kabini ixabiso elibhengeziweyo.
Isohlwayo se-US Customs ngenxa yokungakhathali
Ngokungakhathali, ukuya kuthi ga kabini imisebenzi elahlekileyo, okanye i-20% yexabiso elibhengeziweyo kunye nokungakhathali okukhulu, ukuya kuthi ga kane imisebenzi elahlekileyo, okanye i-40% yexabiso elibhengeziweyo.
US Customs izohlwayo zolwaphulo-mthetho
Kwizohlwayo zolwaphulo-mthetho, kukho imithetho emininzi yolwaphulo-mthetho enokusebenza ngokuxhomekeke kumxholo othile. I-CBP iya kuqhuba uphando olunokukhokelela ekubeni ulwaphulo-mthetho luthunyelwe kwigqwetha lase-US.
Ingaba iCustoms iluchaphazela njani urhwebo lwe-e-commerce kunye nexabiso eliphantsi lokuthenga ngaphandle?

Isicwangciso se-CBP E-commerce/inyathelo
I-CBP iyayiqonda into yokuba uRhwebo lwe-E-Commerce licandelo elikhulayo loqoqosho lwase-US kwaye iinkqubo zokungeniswa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kufuneka zihambelane nale meko intsha yoshishino. Ngesicwangciso sayo se-E-commerce, i-CBP ichaza i-E-commerce ukuba ibandakanya umthamo ophezulu, ukuhanjiswa kwexabiso eliphantsi ukungena eMelika.
Ngokomzekelo, kwisibhengezo sangaphambili esinxulumene neendawo zokugcina iimpahla zasekhaya kunye namaziko okuzalisekisa, i-CBP ikhuphe isigwebo solawulo esicacisa ukuba ngaba ukungenisa kumazwe angaphandle okwenziwa ngumntu ongeyena umhlali ovela kumazwe angaphandle ngosuku olunye kwaye kwathunyelwa kwindawo yokuzaliseka kwe-US okanye kwindawo yokugcina impahla, inokufaneleka ukungena ngokungekho sikweni, ngokungenamsebenzi ngokusebenzisa "de minimis” ukukhululwa.
Iinkqubo ze-CBP/abaqhubi abamalunga ne-E-commerce
Ngo-2019, i-CBP yaqala iCandelo lama-321 loLingelo lweDatha, intsebenziswano yokuzithandela kunye namaqumrhu akhethiweyo oshishino ukuvavanya i-E-commerce supply chain kunye neenkqubo. Abathathi-nxaxheba bolingelo baquka uluhlu olubanzi lweenkampani zobonelelo lwe-E-commerce.
ICandelo 321, 19 USC 1321 ngummiselo wase-US ochaza amaxabiso e-minimis ukubonelela ukwamkelwa kwamanqaku simahla kunye nayo nayiphi na irhafu apho ixabiso lingagqithi kwixabiso elimiselweyo. I-de minimis threshold yangoku yi-US $800.
Amanqaku aphambili ashwankathelayo
I-arhente ye-US Customs kunye noKhuseleko lweBorder (CBP) ikhona ukukhusela imida yayo kunye norhwebo lwase-US kwingozi engafanelekanga, ngelixa i-US ilula ukwenza ishishini nayo.
Kumrhwebi othenga kumazwe angaphandle, kubalulekile ukuqonda iimfuno ezisisiseko zokungenisa elizweni kunye namaxwebhu, kunye nefuthe lokungenisa elizweni ukwazisa ngcono ukufunwa kwayo kunye nezigqibo zoshishino.
Xa ulungiselela ukuthunyelwa kwakho kumazwe ngamazwe, unokuphinda ufune uncedo kubaboneleli benkonzo abaqeqeshiweyo kuquka nabarhwebi bezithethe kunye abathumeli bempahla. Kukho ulwazi oluninzi oluluncedo malunga nokukhutshwa kwempahla evela kumazwe angaphandle kwi Iwebhusayithi ye-CBP yase-US, kwaye unokufumana iimbekiselo eziluncedo kwi chovm.com.

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