Isikhokelo sokuGcinwa kweSixokelelwano sePaneli yeSolar yeKhaya ngo-2024

Iipaneli zelanga inokuqina kakhulu, kwaye ezinye zeenkampani eziphezulu zofakelo lwelanga ziyakwazi ukunika abathengi babo iziqinisekiso zokusebenza ezihlala iminyaka engama-25 ukuya kwengama-30. Oko kwathiwa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abathengi bazi iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokugcinwa kweenkqubo zepaneli zelanga.

Kweli nqaku, siza kunika isikhokelo malunga nokuba ungazigcina njani iiphaneli zakho zelanga, kubandakanywa nendlela yokubona xa zifuna ukulungiswa, oonobangela abaxhaphakileyo bomonakalo wepaneli yelanga, iindleko zokulungisa iipaneli zelanga, kunye neenkcukacha ngokubanzi malunga neziqinisekiso zesolar panel.

Oku kufuneka kuncede abathengisi bephaneli yelanga kunye nabasebenzisi ukuba bahlale benolwazi ngezona ndlela zilungileyo zokuqinisekisa ukuba utyalo-mali kwilanga ligcinwa kakuhle kwaye iiphaneli zesola qhubeka nokuhambisa amandla acocekileyo asebenzayo kwaye athembekileyo.

Isiqulatho
Kufuneka zigcinwe kangaphi iiphaneli zesola?
Indlela yokubona xa iipaneli zelanga zifuna ukulungiswa
Umonakalo oqhelekileyo wepaneli yelanga ubangela
Iindleko zokugcinwa kwephaneli yelanga
Iziqinisekiso zephaneli yelanga
Utyalo-mali kwilanga

Kufuneka zigcinwe kangaphi iiphaneli zesola?

Iinkqubo zamandla elanga banokuthembeka kakhulu, kwaye xa befumana ukugcinwa okufanelekileyo kunye nenkonzo, banokusebenza ngaphandle kweengxaki ezinkulu ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-25. Nokuba unalo nqanaba lokuqina, kuyacetyiswa kubasebenzisi ukuba benze i Uhlolo lonyaka okanye kabini ngonyaka yeenkqubo zabo zelanga ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokucoceka kweepaneli zokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuchonga nayiphi na imiba enokubakho ngaphambi kokuba inyuke ibe yingxaki ebalulekileyo.

Eminye imiba ephambili ekufuneka iqwalaselwe xa kujongwa ukuba kaninzi kangakanani na iiphaneli zesola kufuneka zigcinwe ukuthambeka iiphaneli kunye nobuninzi uthuli kunye nemvula enokuna phezu kwabo. Xa kuziwa ekucoceni ngokubanzi iipaneli, abavelisi beepaneli zelanga bacebisa phakathi izihlandlo ezibini nezine ngonyaka.

Indlela yokubona xa iipaneli zelanga zifuna ukulungiswa

Indawo efanelekileyo yokuqala xa kumiselwa xa iipaneli zelanga zifuna ukugcinwa ngokuphonononga ukukhutshwa kwamandla ombane welanga ukugqiba ukuba ngaba ukuvelisa okanye ukuvelisa umthamo wamandla angaphakathi kwemida elindelekileyo.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba le nkqubo yokubeka iliso yenziwa ngaphandle komthungo nangokufanelekileyo, abasebenzisi banokusebenzisa umkhondo wemveliso yelanga. Ezi zixhobo ziyakwazi ukuchonga ngokulula ukungahambelani ngokuthelekisa ukuveliswa kwamandla ngamaxesha athelekisekayo kwiminyaka edlulileyo ukumisela ukuba ngaba kukho utshintsho kwimveliso okanye hayi.

Enye indlela yokufumana ulwazi ngakumbi ipaneli yelanga ukusebenza kukuba umsebenzisi ajonge ityala labo lombane. Abasebenzisi kufuneka baqhagamshelane nababoneleli beenkonzo zesola ukuba kukho utshintsho olukhulu kubungakanani bombane owutsalayo ngoku amakhaya abo kwigridi.

Iipaneli zelanga eveliswa ngabavelisi abathile beza bexhotyiswe ngezibane zesalathisi. Ezi zibane zinceda ukwazisa abasebenzisi ngobume beepaneli zelanga. Umzekelo, ukuba iipaneli zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo, ukukhanya okuluhlaza kunokuboniswa; nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho umba, isalathisi sinokudanyaza okanye sitshintshe umbala.

Umonakalo oqhelekileyo wepaneli yelanga ubangela

Nangona iiphaneli zesola Ithande ukungabonakalisi iingxaki ezibalulekileyo malunga nokulungiswa nokugcinwa, ezinye iimeko ezingalindelekanga zinokuvela ngamanye amaxesha. Ngezantsi zizizathu eziqhelekileyo zomonakalo wepaneli yelanga ekufuneka abasebenzisi kunye nabathengisi bazi:

Imozulu embi kakhulu kunye neengozi ezothusayo

Iipaneli zelanga zakhiwe ngamaleko ashinyeneyo weglasi epholileyo enokubonelela ngokhuseleko kwiimpembelelo ezimandla. Oku kuvumela iiphaneli ezininzi zelanga ukuba zikwazi ukumelana neemeko zezaqhwithi ezininzi, kuquka isichotho esinamandla kunye nemimoya ebhudla ngamandla. Oko kwathiwa, kunokubakho iingozi kunye neemeko zemozulu ezinzima ezenzekayo, ezibangela umonakalo wepaneli yelanga efuna ukulungiswa nokugcinwa.

Iimpazamo zeArc

Iimpazamo ze-arc zenzeka xa ukukhutshwa kombane okugqithisileyo kwenzeka phakathi kwee-conductor. Oku kungenza ubushushu obunokubangela umonakalo kwiintambo eziqhagamshelwe kwi ipaneli yelanga, kunye nezinye iingxaki kunye nezixhobo zombane.

Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba i-solar inverters ezininzi zixhotyiswe ngokukhusela i-arc fault, ngoko ke xa kwenzeka ukuba abaguquleli abanjalo babone i-arc enokuthi iphosakele, baya kungena kwimodi yephutha kwaye bakhubaze inkqubo yokukhusela umonakalo. Abasebenzisi banokuyibona ingxaki kwaye bayisombulule ngokubonisa.

Ukuphazamiseka kwesekethe ephantsi

Iinkqubo zamandla elanga nabo basesichengeni kwiingozi zombane, ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwesekethe yomhlaba. Oku kwenzeka xa umsinga wombane utenxa kwindlela obucetywa ngayo kwaye uqukuqela ukuya emhlabeni ngenxa yokophuka kwephaneli, ukonakaliswa kocingo (okubangelwa zizilwanyana ezifana noonomatse), okanye ukufuma okufunyenwe kwibhokisi yokuhlangana.

Ukuphazamiseka kwesiphaluka somhlaba kuya kubangela ukuba i-inverter yelanga ivale, kwaye umsebenzisi uya kwaziswa ngale nto ngokubonisa. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, umsebenzisi kufuneka aqhagamshelane nomboneleli wenkonzo yelanga ukuze enze uphando oluthe kratya.

Iindleko zokugcinwa kwephaneli yelanga

Kunzima ukubonelela ngeendleko ezithintekayo jikelele zokugcinwa kwelanga njengoko iindleko zixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi ezibandakanya, kodwa azikhawulelwanga, ukucwangciswa kwenkqubo yelanga, indawo, umenzi wezixhobo, uhlobo lwe-inverter, imeko yepaneli, i-slope yephahla, ukuphakama kwendlu, kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Ngaloo nto iqwalaselwe, umntu unokulindela ukuhlawula phakathi I-US $ 250 kunye ne-US $ 750 ngenkonzo yesiqhelo yelanga okanye utyelelo lolondolozo. Iinkampani zolondolozo lwelanga zineemodeli zeendleko ezahlukeneyo, njengoko ezinye ziya kuhlawulisa ireyithi emiselweyo yotyelelo ngelixa ezinye ziya kubiza ipaneli nganye. Oku kungahluka phakathi I-US $ 15 kunye ne-US $ 35 ngephaneli nganye.

Uphononongo olwenziwe yi-US National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) ibonisa ukuba, ekusebenzeni nasekugcinweni, izixokelelwano zelanga zokuhlala zineendleko zonyaka ezimalunga ne-US$31 ngekilowathi (kW) yomthamo wazo ofakelweyo. Oku kubonisa ukuba iindleko eziqikelelwayo zonyaka zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kwenkqubo ye-6 kW zingangaphantsi kwe-US$200.

Ukuhlolwa kwelanga lonyaka, abasebenzisi banokulindela ukuhlawula nantoni na US$ 150-300. Kwimeko apho ukuhlolwa kubonisa isidingo sokutshintsha okanye ukulungisa iipaneli, i-inverters, i-wiring, okanye amacandelo angasebenzi kakuhle okanye awonakaliswe, inkampani yokugcinwa kwelanga iya kubonelela ngokuqikelelwa kwezo nkonzo ekupheleni kokuhlolwa.

Iziqinisekiso zephaneli yelanga

Xa kuqwalaselwa iindleko zokugcinwa kwepaneli yelanga, kubalulekile ukujonga iziqinisekiso zepaneli yelanga ngokunjalo, njengoko ezi zinokunceda abasebenzisi bahlawule iindleko ezithile zogcino ngeziqinisekiso zokusebenza.

Abavelisi beepaneli zelanga kunye neenkampani zofakelo zibonelela ngoluhlu lweziqinisekiso ezisebenza ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nenkxaso kwimeko apho imiba ivela ngenxa yeemeko ezingalindelekanga, ezinje ngokuwa kwamasebe emithi okanye isichotho esiqatha. Nazi ezinye zeewaranti eziqhelekileyo:

• Iwaranti yokusebenza (okanye iwaranti yokuphuma kwamandla): Esi siqinisekiso siqinisekisa ukuba ukusebenza kwephaneli kuya kuhlala kukwinqanaba okanye ngaphezulu kwenqanaba elimiselwe kwangaphambili kulo lonke ixesha eliqhelekileyo leminyaka engama-25 yewaranti. Ngokomzekelo, umenzi unokubonelela ngewaranti yeminyaka engama-25 eqinisekisa ukuba amandla ombane aphezulu akayi kuwela ngaphantsi kwe-85%.
• Iwaranti yomsebenzi: Esi siqinisekiso ngokuqhelekileyo siza kunye neepaneli zelanga kwiminyaka emihlanu yokuqala yokusebenza, eqinisekisa ukuba uyilo lwesixokelelwano selanga, ukudibanisa kunye nofakelo zonke zenziwe ngokuchanekileyo.

Kubalulekile ukukhusela iwaranti ethembekileyo xa utyala imali kwisixokelelwano selanga, njengoko oku kunceda ukunciphisa iindleko zokugcinwa nokuqinisekisa ukuveliswa okusebenzayo kwamandla elanga kulo lonke ixesha lokusetyenziswa.

Utyalo-mali kwilanga

Iipaneli zelanga zifuna inkonzo okanye ugcino ngamaxesha athile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo kweenkqubo zamandla elanga. Abasebenzisi banokuthatha amanyathelo abonakalayo okuqinisekisa ukuba bayalukhusela utyalo-mali lwabo lwelanga, kubandakanywa ukugcinwa kunye nenkonzo yonyaka okanye kabini ngonyaka, ukucoca rhoqo, ukusebenzisa iitraki zesola zokuvelisa ukujonga iziphumo, kunye nokukhusela ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kunye neziqinisekiso zokusebenza ezivela kumenzi okanye inkampani yofakelo.

Ukuba ujonge umenzi wepaneli yelanga yokuhlala, tyelela Chovm.com ukubona uluhlu lwemveliso ekhoyo. Uya kuba nakho ukukhangela uluhlu oluninzi lwababoneleli ukuze ufumane olunomsebenzi kunye neziqinisekiso zokusebenza ozifunayo.