Yintoni uHlahlelo lwe-ABC kwaye lungayinyusa njani intengiso yakho

Ukuba nolawulo olululo lwempahla njengosomashishini kubalulekile kuhlumo lweshishini. Nokuba lishishini lomntu, liyanceda ukugcina amanqanaba esitokhwe kunye nokuthintela ukunqongophala kwesitokhwe. Kodwa ulawulo lwe-inventri lunokuba ngumsebenzi onzima, ngakumbi njengomthengisi we-newbie.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho isisombululo somgangatho weshishini onawo - usebenzisa uhlalutyo lwe-ABC. Olu hlalutyo luqhekeza uluhlu lomntu olusekelwe kwizinto ezibonelela ngembuyekezo engcono kakhulu, evumela amashishini ukuba alawule uluhlu lwawo ngokufanelekileyo. Eli nqaku ke ngoko liza kunika isishwankathelo sohlalutyo lwe-ABC, phambi kokuqaqambisa indlela olunokusetyenziswa ngayo ukunceda ishishini lakho ukuba linyuse ingeniso.

Isiqulatho
Yintoni uhlalutyo lwe-ABC?
Ukuhlelwa kohlalutyo lwe-inventri ye-ABC
Indlela yokubala uhlalutyo lwe-ABC
Iinzuzo zohlalutyo lwe-ABC
Amanyathelo okuqhuba uhlalutyo lwe-ABC
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yohlalutyo lwe-ABC
Uhlalutyo lwe-ABC kumashishini ahlukeneyo
Umgca osezantsi

Yintoni uhlalutyo lwe-ABC?

Uhlalutyo lwe-inventri ye-ABC ibhekiselele kwinkqubo yokwahlulahlula eququzelela kwaye ichonge ixabiso leeyunithi ze-inventri ngokusekelwe kukubaluleka kwazo kwishishini. Idatha yomngcipheko, iindleko, kunye nemfuno zizinto eziphambili ezisetyenziselwa uhlalutyo lwe-ABC ukuhlula kunye nokuhlanganisa izinto ezahlukeneyo eziphambili. Ngenxa yoko, abathengisi baya kufumanisa iimpahla kunye neenkonzo ezibaluleke kakhulu kwishishini labo.

Ukuhlelwa kohlalutyo lwe-inventri ye-ABC

Kuhlalutyo lwe-ABC, abathengisi bahlela iimpahla kunye neenkonzo zabo ubuncinane kumaqela amathathu:

1. Iqela A libonisa eyona yunithi ibalulekileyo yokugcina impahla (SKU) ngokusekelwe kwintengiso okanye umthamo. Kwakhona, eli qela linelona nani lincinane lezinto.
2. Iqela B lilandela u-A — ngokokubaluleka, nangona kunjalo, izinto ezikweli qela zidla ngokuba zikhulu ngokwenani elinoncedo olungaphantsi kweqela A.
3. IQela C yi-SKU eyona nto ibalulekileyo. Iqulethe umthamo omkhulu weempahla, kodwa ezo zinexabiso elincinci lokuvelisa ingeniso.

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, abanye abathengisi bakhetha ukuhlanganisa iimpahla kunye neenkonzo zabo kwiindidi ezingaphezu kwezintathu.

Ngokuphathelele umgaqo wePareto, iqela A limele i-20% yezinto ezivelisa i-80% yengeniso. IQela B likwinqanaba eliphakathi elimele i-30% yeempahla neenkonzo ezikhupha i-15% ukuya kwi-20% yengeniso eyenziweyo. Ngelixa i-50% eseleyo kwiqela C ivelisa kuphela i-5% yengeniso. Ngenxa yoko, olu hlalutyo lunceda amashishini ukuba enze izigqibo ezinolwazi ngokugxila kwezo zi-SKU zibalulekileyo ezinoxanduva lweyona ngeniso.

Indlela yokubala uhlalutyo lwe-ABC

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba abaphathi be-inventri banokuqhuba ubalo lohlalutyo lwe-ABC kumntu ngamnye kunye neqela lempahla yempahla.

Nanga amanyathelo amahlanu ayimfuneko okuqhuba uhlalutyo lwe-ABC:

1. Phindaphinda-phinda ixabiso lento nganye ngomthamo wonyaka weemveliso ezithengisiweyo.
2. Ngokusekwe kwixabiso lento, yenza iqela lemveliso nganye ngokolandelelwano oluhlayo.
3. Okulandelayo, yongeza inani elipheleleyo lezinto kunye nexabiso labo lokusetyenziswa.
4. Bala ipesenti eyongezelekayo yexabiso lokusetyenziswa kwento nganye ngonyaka, kunye nepesenti yezinto ezithengisiweyo.
5. Ekugqibeleni, yahlula idatha yokugqibela ibe ngamaqela amathathu ngomlinganiselo we-80:15:5.

Nanku umzekelo wokubala uhlalutyo lwe-ABC kwivenkile yeehempe - ngamanyathelo asebenzayo ukubonisa inkqubo.

Inyathelo 1: Inyathelo lokuqala kuhlalutyo lwe-ABC kukuphinda-phinda iindleko zemveliso nganye ngesamba sezinto zizonke evenkileni.

izinto	Lilonke inani lezinto ezithengisiweyo (ngonyaka)	Iindleko ngokulungileyo	Ixabiso losetyenziso (ngonyaka)
Iihempe zedenim	7,500	$100	$750,000
Iihempe zenkampani	10,000	$250	$2,500,000
T-shirts	20,000	$25	$500,000
Iihempe zePolo	5,000	$30	$150,000

Inyathelo lesi-2: Okulandelayo, cwangcisa amanani ngokwehla.

izinto	Lilonke inani lezinto ezithengisiweyo (ngonyaka)	Iindleko ngokulungileyo	Ixabiso losetyenziso (ngonyaka)
Iihempe zenkampani	10,000	$250	$2,500,000
Iihempe zedenim	7,500	$100	$750,000
T-shirts	20,000	$25	$500,000
Iihempe zePolo	5,000	$30	$150,000

Inyathelo lesi-3: Yenza isixa sexabiso lokusetyenziswa konyaka kunye nobungakanani bempahla ethengisiweyo.

izinto	Lilonke inani lezinto ezithengisiweyo (ngonyaka)	Iindleko ngokulungileyo	Ixabiso losetyenziso (ngonyaka)
Iihempe zenkampani	10,000	$250	$2,500,000
Iihempe zedenim	7,500	$100	$750,000
T-shirts	20,000	$25	$500,000
Iihempe zePolo	5,000	$30	$150,000
Total	42,500		$3,900,000

Inyathelo 4: Fumana ipesenti yenani lonyaka lento nganye ethengisiweyo kunye nexabiso layo lokusetyenziswa.

izinto	Lilonke inani lezinto ezithengisiweyo (ngonyaka)	Iindleko ngokulungileyo	Ixabiso losetyenziso (ngonyaka)	I-% yezinto ezithengiswayo (ngonyaka)	% yexabiso losetyenziso (ngonyaka)
Iihempe zenkampani	10,000	$250	$2,500,000	23.52	64.1
Iihempe zedenim	7,500	$100	$750,000	17.65	19.23
T-shirts	20,000	$25	$500,000	47.05	12.82
Iihempe zePolo	5,000	$30	$150,000	11.76	3.84
Iyonke	42,500		$3,900,000

Inyathelo 5: Okokugqibela, hlanganisa idatha kudidi A, B, kunye noC.

Ukulinganisa	izinto	Lilonke inani lezinto ezithengisiweyo (ngonyaka)	Iindleko ngokulungileyo	Ixabiso losetyenziso (ngonyaka)	I-% yezinto ezithengiswayo (ngonyaka)	% yexabiso losetyenziso (ngonyaka)
83.33% ( A)	Iihempe zenkampani	10,000	$250	$2,500,000	23.52	64.1
Iihempe zedenim	7,500	$100	$750,000	17.65	19.23
12.82(B)	T-shirts	20,000	$25	$500,000	47.05	12.82
I-3.84 (C)	Iihempe zePolo	5,000	$30	$150,000	11.76	3.84
	Iyonke	42,500		$3,900,000

Iinzuzo zohlalutyo lwe-ABC

Kukho iingenelo ezininzi zokusebenzisa uhlalutyo lwe-ABC olwenza ukuba ibe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokusetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa ulawulo lwempahla kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza ngokubanzi.

Ukulungiswa kwempahla

Ngohlalutyo lwe-ABC, abathengisi banokuchonga ukuba zeziphi iimveliso ezifunwa kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, abaphathi beevenkile banokubeka ngaphezulu kwezinto ezifunwa kakhulu kwindawo yokugcina impahla kunye nokunciphisa isitokhwe seemveliso kwiindidi ze-B kunye ne-C. Oku kubavumela ukuba bagcine umlinganiselo wokusebenza kwemali kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko lwezoshishino.

Iminyinyiva yomthengisi ekwimizuzu

Kuba iinkampani zenza i-70 ukuya kwi-80 yepesenti yeentengiso zazo kwiimveliso zeqela A, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba uthethathethwano ngezivumelwano ezingcono nabanikezeli bezo mpahla zithile. Ukuba iindleko eziphantsi azisebenzi kunye nabavelisi okanye ababoneleli, abathengisi banokuthethathethana ngokuthunyelwa simahla. Kungenjalo, abathengisi banokucela ukuncitshiswa kwentlawulo ephantsi okanye isivumelwano emva kokuthenga ukuze banciphise ixabiso labo lokuqala lokuthenga.

Kuphuculwe umjikelo wobomi bemveliso kunye noqikelelo oluphuculweyo lwempahla

Uhlalutyo lwe-ABC lunceda amashishini ukuba aqonde ngokucacileyo umjikelo wangoku wobomi bemveliso kwaye enze uqikelelo oluchanekileyo lwemfuno yekamva lento. Ngenxa yoko, amashishini anokuba nenqanaba eliphantse ligqibelele le-inventri yesitokhwe. Kwakhona, abaphathi banokuba nentelekelelo yokuthengisa eneenkcukacha-oku kuthetha ukuba iinkampani zinokuseta amanqanaba exabiso achanekileyo.

Umbutho wonikezelo olusulungekileyo

Abathengisi banokunyusa uhlalutyo lwe-ABC ukwazi elona xesha lifanelekileyo lokusebenzisa umthombo omnye womthengisi ukwenza lula ukusebenza kwabo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko. Ngaphandle koko, banokujonga iziphumo zokuhlalutya kwaye baqinisekise ukuba bafuna ukudibanisa ababoneleli abaninzi ukunyusa ukuthengisa.

Umzekelo, ngodidi C olunomthengisi omnye kuphela, inkqubo yokusebenza ilula kuba umphathi uyaligcina ixesha lokukhangela kubaboneleli abahlukeneyo ukwenza eminye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abaphathi banokusebenzisa idatha yodidi A ukufumana uluhlu lwababoneleli, ngoko ke kwimeko apho umniki-nkonzo omnye akanikezeli, omnye umthengisi unokubizwa njengebambela. Ngaloo ndlela, inkqubo yonikezelo ikhuseleka ngakumbi.

Amanyathelo okuqhuba uhlalutyo lwe-ABC

Chonga oko kufuneka kuhlalutywe kwaye uqikelele i-quotient yempumelelo

Iinjongo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo ezinokuthi ziqhube ishishini ukuba lenze uhlalutyo lwe-ABC. Okokuqala, ukunciphisa iindleko zokuthenga. Okwesibini, ukonyusa umda wengeniso ngokuqwalasela nokugcina ezona mpahla zixatyiswe kakhulu kwindawo yokugcina impahla.

Ukuqokelela idatha efunekayo kuhlalutyo

Isinyathelo esilandelayo esibalulekileyo kukuqokelela idatha yokuthenga yonyaka kuyo yonke into yesitokhwe - njengeendleko zokuthutha, imveliso, i-weighted gross, kunye neendleko zomyalelo, phakathi kwezinye.

Chaza uluhlu lwempahla ngokolandelelwano oluhlayo

Apha, abathengisi balungiselela izinto ezahlukeneyo zesitokhwe kwaye bazixabisile ngokwehla ngokulandelelana - ukuqala ukusuka kweyona imveliso ukuya kweyona incinci.

Qikelela impembelelo eyongezelekayo

Eli nyathelo libandakanya abaphathi ukwenza uluhlu lweemveliso zabo kwaye bafake kwi-spreadsheet. Ngale nto, kulula ukubala isiphumo esongezelekayo kwishishini. Abaphathi banokuqala ngokwahlula iimveliso kwiikholamu ezimbini.

Ikholamu yokuqala sisimbuku seemveliso ezithengisiweyo, ngelixa eyesibini yeyeendleko zonyaka zeemveliso. Emva koko, abaphathi banokuhlela uluhlu ngokubala ipesenti eyongezelekayo yexabiso lokusetyenziswa konyaka.

Lungiselela uluhlu lwempahla ngokusekelwe kwimfuno ephezulu

Kweli nyathelo, amashishini kufuneka asebenzise uMgaqo wePareto. Akusoloko kuyimfuneko ukuba abaphathi basebenzise umthetho we-80/20, kodwa kufuneka basebenzise indlela efanayo yokubeka iimveliso. Umzekelo, abaphathi banokubandakanya amanyathelo afana nokuqinisekisa elona xabiso liphezulu lemveliso, ukuqulunqa isicwangciso sexabiso lemveliso, uthethathethwano olunenzuzo kunye nababoneleli, njalo njalo.

Jonga ukuhlelwa kwaye uhlele iimveliso ngokufanelekileyo

Ekugqibeleni, amashishini kufuneka ahlalutye ngononophelo ukuhlelwa kunye nokulungelelanisa iimveliso ngokusekelwe kwingeniso yabo. Ngoko ke, ukuba into ethile inembuyekezo ephantsi, iya kufakwa ezantsi kuluhlu, ngelixa iimveliso ezibuyiswayo eziphezulu ziya kuhlala phezulu. Kwakhona, amashishini kufuneka abeke iliso ekusebenzeni kwemveliso, amaxabiso, kunye nemfuno yabathengi.

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yohlalutyo lwe-ABC

Gcina ukwahlulahlula kulula

Enye yezona ndlela zilungileyo zohlalutyo lwe-ABC kukuhlela izinto ngendlela ekulula ukuyihlela. Abaphathi banokuhlela izinto ngokusekelwe kwindlela abahamba ngayo rhoqo kwinkampani. Basenokwenza kwakhona udidi "lokuphuma kwisitokhwe" kwiimveliso ezihamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye bahlele izinto ngokusekelwe kumda wabo wenzuzo enkulu.

Enye indlela esebenzisekayo kukwahlulahlula izinto ngokweeklasi A, B, noC. Udidi A luya kuba neemveliso ezibiza imali eninzi, uDidi B luya kuba neemveliso ezinexabiso elilinganiselweyo, yaye uKlasi C luya kuba nezona zinto zinexabiso eliphantsi.

Yabela amanqanaba eenkonzo kunye nabasebenzi ngaxeshanye

Amashishini kufuneka abele amanqanaba eenkonzo ngokusekelwe kudidi lwemveliso. Ngokomzekelo, banokuchitha iiyure ze-5 baphonononga izinto ze-50 zeKlasi A ezibiza kakhulu, kunye neeyure ze-5 zokuphonononga izinto ze-5,000 ze-Class C ezingabizi kakhulu.

Iibrendi zisenokuqwalasela ukubalwa komjikelo okucwangcisiweyo okusekwe kuhlelo lwemveliso. Ngaloo ndlela, umntu unokugxila ekubaleni umjikelo oqhelekileyo kwiimveliso zeKlasi A ngelixa unciphisa ixesha elichithwe kwezinye iiklasi.

Icandelo le-KPIs ngeklasi

Abaphathi kufuneka benze iideshibhodi eziqinisekileyo, ii-KPIs, kunye neengxelo ezihambelanayo kwiklasi nganye ukuqonda ukusebenza kunye namandla eshishini.

Yenza uphononongo lokusebenza

Xa ukugcinwa koluhlu olupheleleyo kufuneka, abaphathi bangenza uphononongo lokusebenza ngokusekelwe kuhlelo lwe-ABC. Kuya kunceda ishishini libe nokulibaziseka okumbalwa kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza njengoko iimveliso zifikelela kubathengi ngokukhawuleza ukwandisa ingeniso.

Vavanya isitokhwe sentsalela

Amanye amashishini akanaso isitokhwe esishiyekileyo kuba kusenokungafuneki kwaye kube yingozi ukusibamba. Kodwa ukuba isitokhwe esishiyekileyo sibonakala sithethelela ngokusekwe kuhlalutyo, amashishini anokuluhlela olu luhlu ngokufanelekileyo.

Kwakhona, kwindlela elungelelaniswe ngakumbi, amanye amashishini aphumeleleyo asebenzisa inkqubo yolawulo nje-ngexesha ukubanceda ukuba bafumane iimpahla kanye ngexesha elifunekayo. Ngaloo ndlela, bayakuphepha ukuzigcina ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba bafune.

Baleka kwiindawo ngeendawo

Abaphathi bekhonkco lonikezelo kufuneka babeke iliso kwiindawo ezibonakalayo kuba yonyusa ukwaneliseka kwabathengi ngokuhambisa iimpahla ngekhonkco lokubonelela ngeendleko ezifanelekileyo ngelixa iqinisekisa ukuthembeka.

Hlala ubala uluhlu lwezinto zokuhamba

Ngokuqhelekileyo, izinto zihamba phakathi kweendawo. Ke ngoko, abaphathi kufuneka balandele ezi zinto ngokubeka esweni ixesha eliphakathi kokuthunyelwa kunye nomhla wokufunyanwa. Ngaloo ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukugcina iirekhodi ze-inventory ngokulandelelana. Ukongeza, amashishini kufuneka abhalise ilahleko kunye nomonakalo.

Ukuhlelwa ngokutsha kwemveliso kufuneka kube bhetyebhetye

Ukuguquguquka kubalulekile xa uhlengahlengisa iimveliso. Umzekelo, abaphathi banokwenza uhlenga-hlengiso lwamaxesha ngamaxesha ngenxa yeendlela zokuthenga zabathengi, utshintsho kwii-KPIs, okanye ukunyuka kokuthandwa kweemveliso ezintsha.

Qwalasela i-inventri kunye neentengiso kumjikelo

Abaphathi kufuneka bavume ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-inventory kunye neentengiso. Xa kukho ukunyuka kweentengiso, uluhlu lwempahla luyenyuka, kwaye amashishini kufuneka aphinde abuyele kwishedyuli yawo. Ngokuchasene noko, xa ukuthengisa kuncipha, uluhlu lwempahla luyancipha, kwaye ukuphononongwa kwakhona kweeklasi zeemveliso kunye namanqanaba esitokhwe kufuneka kwenzeke.

Sebenzisa itekhnoloji kunye nokuqonda kwidatha

Iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo zinceda amashishini azalise imisebenzi ngexesha elifutshane, umzekelo ngokwazi ukunyusa kwimfuno, ukugqiba iinkqubo zokuzalisa, njalo njalo. Ngale datha, abaphathi banokubeka iliso ngokulula ukucwangciswa kwemfuno kunye namaxesha okukhokela.

Uhlalutyo lwe-ABC kumashishini ahlukeneyo

Uhlalutyo lwe-ABC kwintengiso kunye ne-e-commerce

Ulawulo lwe-ABC luluncedo kwi-e-commerce kunye neshishini lokuthengisa, ngakumbi malunga nokwahlulwa kwabathengi. Abathengisi banokusebenzisa idatha esuka kuhlalutyo lwe-ABC ukuze bazi iimveliso zabo eziphumelele kakhulu, kwaye ngenxa yoko, banokugxininisa ukukhuthazwa kweemveliso ezinjalo ngentengiso - enokunyusa ukuthengisa ngokubanzi.

zokugcina

Ukuhlelwa koluhlu lwempahla ye-ABC kubalulekile kwiindawo zokugcina kuba inceda kumjikelo wempahla. Umzekelo, abaphathi banokusebenzisa ukuhlelwa kwe-inventri ukubala izinto zeklasi A ngekota. Iimveliso zodidi B zinokufuna ukubalwa kabini ngonyaka, ngelixa izinto zodidi C zinokubalwa ngonyaka.

Uhlalutyo lwe-ABC kwishishini lemveliso

Ngohlalutyo lwe-ABC, abavelisi bayakwazi ukufumana umda kunye neemveliso ezifunekayo ukugcina i-20 yepesenti ephezulu yempahla ekhulayo. Ke, banokusebenzisa idatha ukubeka phambili izibonelelo zabantu, ixesha, kunye nemithombo yemali.

Uhlalutyo lwe-ABC kushishino lweemoto

Ngombulelo kuhlalutyo lwe-ABC, abavelisi kwishishini leemoto banoku:

• Ukubeka iliso kwixabiso labasebenzi babo
• Chonga ezona zixhobo zihlala ixesha elide
• Fumana idatha efunekayo ukulungisa imveliso kunye nokunyusa inzuzo

Ngenxa yokuba umenzi enolawulo lwempahla, ulwazi olunjalo lunokunceda ukuqonda amanqanaba okubonelela achanekileyo, oko ke kuvumele abavelisi ukuba bathethathethane ngezivumelwano ezingcono nababoneleli kunye nokwandisa imveliso yabo.

Umgca osezantsi

Kule mihla, amashishini amaninzi aphumeza uhlalutyo lwe-ABC njengendlela eqhutywa yidatha yokuphucula ukuchaneka, ukuphendula, kunye nokutsha. Ngale nkqubo, abaphathi be-inventory banokuhlula izitokhwe ngokusekelwe kwingeniso kunye nexabiso. Ikwavumela amashishini ukuba acwangcise inkcitho yawo ngokufanelekileyo.

Kukho isizathu sokuba uhlalutyo lwe-ABC lube yeyona nto ithandwayo kushishino, kwaye esi sikhokelo ke ngoko sijolise ekuqaqambiseni ukuba singakunceda njani ukuba ulawule uluhlu lwakho lwempahla ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye ke, ugxile kwiimveliso ezinokonyusa ingeniso yakho iyonke.