Indlela iManyano eNtathu eNkulu yoLwandle iLawula ukuThunyelwa koLwandle

Umanyano lwaselwandle lubuhlakani phakathi kweenkampani zokuthumela ngenqanawa ezenzelwe ukudibanisa izixhobo, ukwabelana ngendawo kwiinqanawa, kunye nokudibanisa iindlela zothungelwano. Eyona mpembelelo iphambili emva kokwenza umanyano lwaselwandle ibandakanya:

• Ukugcina imali: Ukusebenzisa iinqanawa ezinkulu kumgama omde kubiza kakhulu. Ngokwabelana ngezi nqanawa nezinye iinkampani, ilungu ngalinye lomfelandawonye linokonga imali eninzi kumafutha, imivuzo yabasebenzi, kunye nokugcinwa kweenqanawa.
• Ukufikelela kwiindawo ezininzi: Akukho nkampani inye yokuthumela ngenqanawa inokufikelela kwizibuko ngalinye emhlabeni iyodwa. Ngokubambisana, ezi nkampani zinokusebenzisa uthungelwano lwazo oludityanisiweyo ukufikelela kwizixeko namazwe amaninzi, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuthutha imithwalo kulo lonke ihlabathi.
• Ukubonelela ngeenkonzo ezingcono: Ukusebenza kunye kuvumela ezi nkampani ukuba zibonelele ngohambo rhoqo kunye neeshedyuli eziguquguqukayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba iimpahla zinokuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza nangokuthembeke ngakumbi, nto leyo ilungile kumashishini alinde ukuthunyelwa.
• Ukuhlala ukhuphisana: Ishishini lokuthumela ngenqanawa likhuphisana kakhulu. Iinkampani ezincinci zisemngciphekweni wokutyhalelwa ngaphandle zezona ezinkulu. Ezi nkampani zincinci zinokuhlala zifanelekile kwaye zikhuphisana ngokuchasene neentshaba ezinkulu ngokwenza umanyano.

Qhubeka ufunda ukuze uphonononge izivumelwano ezintathu zolwandle ezinkulu kwaye ufunde ukuba ezi ntsebenziswano zinamandla zaselwandle zabelana njani ngeenqanawa, amazibuko, kunye neendlela zokugcina amavili orhwebo lwehlabathi jikelele lujikeleza!

Isiqulatho
1. Umanyano lwe-2M
2. Umanyano loLwandle
3. UMTHETHO
4. Ulawulo lolawulo kwiimanyano zaselwandle

2M Umanyano

I-2M Alliance yintsebenziswano yaselwandle phakathi kwezigebenga ezimbini zolwandle: iMaersk Line kunye neNkampani yokuThumela iMeditera (MSC). IMaersk Line, esekwe eCopenhagen, eDenmark, yenye yeenkampani ezinkulu zokuthumela ngenqanawa kwihlabathi liphela. Ngeli xesha, i-MSC esekwe eSwitzerland yeyona ibalekayo, yandisa ukufikelela kwayo kuwo onke amazibuko abalulekileyo ehlabathi.

I-genesis ye-2M Alliance yaqala ngokubhengezwa kwayo kwi-2014, kwaye ihlabathi labona ukusungulwa kwayo njengamandla okusebenza ngo-2015, kuphawula isahluko esitsha kwimbali yolwandle. Iinzame zabo ezidityanisiweyo zijolise ikakhulu kwiindlela ezinkulu zorhwebo zaseMpuma-Ntshona-ezithatha iindlela zase-Asia ukuya eYurophu, ummandla omkhulu we-trans-Pacific, kunye nembali ye-Atlantiki.

Inani elimangalisayo kukuba, ukususela ngo-Matshi 2023, i-2M Alliance iyayala malunga ne51% yorhwebo lweAtlantiki lwamandla eenqanawa zehlabathi. Ukuze uqonde ubukhulu bolu khuselo, umntu kufuneka athathele ingqalelo ukuba ngokubanzi, umanyano ulawulo 11% yomthamo wenqanawa wenqanawa wehlabathi uwonke.

Ngokusebenzayo, i-2M Alliance isebenza njengeSivumelwano soKwabelana ngomkhumbi (VSA). Eli lungiselelo linobuchule njengoko lisebenza, livumela zombini i-Maersk Line kunye ne-MSC ukuba babelane ngeenqanawa kuzo zonke iindlela ekuvunyelwene ngazo ngelixa zigcina ushishino lwazo olulodwa.

Ubuhle besi sakhiwo bulula—inkampani nganye yokuthumela inqanawa inokusebenzisa ii-asethi zomnye ngaphandle kobunzima bokudibanisa iinkampani. Nangona kunjalo, le ntsebenziswano phakathi kwezi titans zokuthumela ayikho ngaphandle komhla wokuphelelwa kwexesha. Kwisaziso esibalulekileyo soshishino, kuye kwaxelwa ukuba i-2M Alliance iya kupheliswa ngo-2025. Bobabini i-MSC kunye ne-Maersk baye bavumelana ukuba baphelise intsebenziswano yabo ngoJanuwari 2025.

Umanyano loLwandle

Yaziswa ngamabhongo ngo-2017, i-Ocean Alliance yimbumbano yaselwandle eyathi yaqulunqwa ngombono wokulungelelanisa kunye nokomeleza imithambo yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kwisithuba sokuqala seminyaka emihlanu, kunye nemibono ebekwe ngokuqinileyo kwi-horizon ethembisa inketho yokuhlaziya.

Embindini wokwenziwa kwayo kume ii-titans ezine zeshishini lokuthumela ngenqanawa: i-COSCO (iNkampani yeShipping yaseChina yoLwandle), i-OOCL (i-Orient Overseas Container Line), i-CMA CGM, kunye ne-Evergreen Line, nganye izisa amandla kunye nobuchule bayo obukhethekileyo kolu manyano lolwandle.

Ukuyalela ngeenxa zonke 330 iinqanawa zeenqanawa ngomthamo omangalisayo odityanisiweyo wokuthwala omalunga nezigidi ezi-3.8 ze-TEUs (iiYunithi eziLingana ngeenyawo ezingamashumi amabini), i-Ocean Alliance imele malunga ne16% yomthamo wezithuthi zehlabathi. Ukugubungela imithambo ebalulekileyo yorhwebo lwehlabathi, umfelandawonye unikezela ngeenkonzo ezingaphezu kwama-40 ezithi zijikeleze kwiindlela zorhwebo eziphambili:

• Iinkonzo ezili-19 zeTranspacific lawula urhwebo olukhulu phakathi kwe-Asiya noMntla Melika, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla zihamba ngaphandle komthungo phakathi kweMpuma neNtshona yehemisphere.
• Iinkonzo ezisi-7 phakathi kweAsia neYurophu ukunqumla eyona paseji yorhwebo inkulu ehlabathini, idibanisa iimarike ezinkulu zase-Asiya kunye namazwe anamandla oqoqosho aseYurophu.
• Iinkonzo ezi-4 phakathi kweAsia kunye neMeditera unxulumanisa iimarike zase-Asiya kunye nemimandla yembali kunye neyoqoqosho eyahluka-hlukeneyo kumda woLwandle lweMeditera.
• Iinkonzo ezi-2 zeTransatlantic ibhulorho iAtlantiki ukuququzelela urhwebo phakathi koMntla Melika kunye noqoqosho oluguquguqukayo lwaseYurophu.
• Iinkonzo ezi-4 phakathi kweAsia kunye noMbindi Mpuma qhagamshela iindawo zemveliso zase-Asiya kunye namazwe atyebileyo ngamandla oMbindi Mpuma.
• Iinkonzo ezi-2 ze-Asia-Red Sea zibonelela ngamakhonkco abalulekileyo phakathi kweAsia kunye nommandla woLwandle oluBomvu, iqinisekisa ufikelelo olucwangcisiweyo kuMntla-mpuma weAfrika nakuMbindi Mpuma.

UMTHETHO

I-Alliance lumanyano olucwangcisiweyo oludibanisa amandla eenkampani ezine eziphambili zaselwandle, ezibonelela ngeenzuzo zokusebenza kunye nonikezelo lweenkonzo olwandisiweyo kuzo zonke iindlela ezibalulekileyo zehlabathi. Yang Ming iphambili kolu manyano, inegalelo elincomekayo le-80% yomthamo wayo wesikhongozeli, oko kuyenza ibe lelona qabane likhulu kulo mbutho.

Ukulandela ngokusondeleyo I-Hyundai Merchant Marine (HMM Co., Ltd), eyenza i-78% yesakhono sayo sokuthumela, igxininisa indima yayo ebalulekileyo kwintsebenziswano. I-Ocean Network Express (NYE) izisa enye i-69% yomthamo wayo wesikhongozeli. Okwangoku, IHapag-Lloyd, ukudibanisa i-43% yomthamo wayo, ijikeleza eli qela laselwandle.

I-Alliance isebenzisa iqela elikhulu leenqanawa ezingama-260, isenza amaza kumazibuko ehlabathi angama-82 kwaye iqinisekisa uluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo ezineminikelo eyahlukeneyo engama-31. Le canvasi inkulu isebenzayo ibandakanya iindlela zorhwebo ezibalulekileyo, kubandakanya iTrans-Atlantiki, iTrans-Pacific, kunye neendlela zaseAsia-Europe.

Ngomthamo odibeneyo osetyenzisiweyo we malunga ne-3.03 yezigidi ze-TEUs, UMNQOBI uyayalela malunga ne12% yomthamo wenqanawa yeenqanawa zehlabathi, ukuyivumela ukuba iphathe isabelo esibalulekileyo sorhwebo lwaselwandle lwamazwe ngamazwe.

Eyona njongo iphambili ye-Alliance kukunyusa ukusebenza ngokukuko kuzo zonke ezi ndlela zorhwebo zibalulekileyo. Oku kuzibophelela kuguqulela kumaxesha aphuculweyo othutho ukusuka kwizibuko ukuya kwizibuko, abalulekile ekufikeni kwexesha kweempahla kwaye aneempembelelo ezithe ngqo ekuthembekeni kwekhonkco lonikezelo lwehlabathi.

Ukongeza, olu manyano lolwandle lubeka ingqwalasela eyodwa ekunciphiseni iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo. Ngokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kweenqanawa kunye nokulungelelanisa iishedyuli akunciphisi ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha kunye nokukhutshwa kuphela kodwa konyusa ukuthembeka kwenkonzo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kubathengi bayo behlabathi.

Ulongamelo lolawulo kwiimanyano zaselwandle

Ezi manyano zintathu zinkulu zolwandle ziye zahlengahlengisa ngokungenakuphikiswa ukusebenza kolungiselelo, ukunciphisa iindleko zokuthumela ngenqanawa, kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kushishino lweenqanawa zehlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, enye yezona zinto zixhalabisayo zomanyano lwaselwandle kukubakho kokuziphatha okuchasene nokhuphiswano.

Ngesabelo esibaluleke ngolo hlobo somthamo wenqanawa wehlabathi ophantsi kolawulo lwazo, ezi manyano zaselwandle zinamandla amakhulu entengiso, okuthi, ukuba zisetyenziswe gwenxa, zikhokelele kuqheliselo olufana nokulungiswa kwamaxabiso, ukulawulwa kwamandla, okanye ukubekela ecaleni abo bakhuphisana ngenqanawe abancinane.

Iqaphela le mingcipheko, imibutho elawulayo kwihlabathi jikelele ifuna imimiselo engqongqo kunye nokongamela ngokusondeleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba olu manyano lwaselwandle lusebenza ngaphakathi kwemida esemthethweni nekhuphisanayo. Oku kunokuthetha ukunciphisa umda wentsebenziswano phakathi kwamalungu omfelandawonye, ​​ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho manyano lunokulawula ngokuzimeleyo iintsingiselo okanye amaxabiso emarike.

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