Indlela yokukhetha iGenereyitha yaMandla aVuselelekayo eLungileyo kwiKhaya nakuShishino

Amandla ahlaziyekayo achazwa njengamandla esikwaziyo ukuwathatha ngokuthe ngqo indalo, njengamandla elanga nawomoya, njl. 

Abantu ngabanye banokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana iiphaneli zesola kunye nekhaya iinjuba zomoya ukwenza ezabo izikhululo zombane ezincinci kwaye banciphise ukuxhomekeka kwabo kunikezelo lwamandla lwangaphandle. Okwangoku, amashishini, ngokufaka i-solar-scale photovoltaic systems okanye iinjuba zomoya, inokunciphisa kakhulu amatyala abo ombane. 

Eli nqaku liza kwazisa iikhonsepthi ezisisiseko zeejenereyitha zamandla avuselelekayo kwaye zeziphi izinto onokuthi uziqwalasele ngaphambi kokuba ukhethe ukuba yeyiphi efanelekileyo kwikhaya lakho okanye ishishini.

Isiqulatho
Ziziphi iijenereyitha zamandla ahlaziyekayo?
Ukwahlulahlulwa kwejenereyitha yamandla ahlaziyekayo
Ubungakanani bemarike kunye nokukhula
Ijenereyitha ezisebenza ngelanga zasekhaya kunye neshishini
Iijenereyitha zomoya zasekhaya kunye neshishini
Amazwi okugqibela

Ziziphi iijenereyitha zamandla ahlaziyekayo?

Iijenereyitha zamandla ahlaziyekayo, ngakumbi iinkqubo zamandla elanga nawomoya, zisebenzisa ubutyebi obunokuhlaziywa obufumaneka kwindalo ukuvelisa umbane. Le nkqubo ayihambelani nokusingqongileyo nje kuphela kodwa ikwanoqoqosho kwixesha elide. 

Iinkqubo zamandla elanga zisebenza ngokuguqula imitha yelanga ibe ngumbane ngokusebenzisa iiphaneli zephotovoltaic (PV) ezenziwe ngemathiriyeli yesemiconductor (ngokuqhelekileyo isilicon). Ukuguqulwa ngokuthe ngqo kokukhanya kwelanga kumbane kuphelisa isidingo seenkqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zomatshini okanye ukuveliswa kokukhutshwa okuyingozi.

Oku kwenza iinkqubo zamandla elanga zifaneleke ngokukodwa ukufakela kuphahla lwezakhiwo zokuhlala kunye nezakhiwo zorhwebo, kunye nezisombululo ezingaphandle kwegridi kwiindawo ezikude kunye namazwe asaphuhlayo apho ukufikelela kwigridi yamandla emveli kunokungabikho ngokupheleleyo.

Ngeli xesha, ukuveliswa kwamandla omoya kuxhomekeke iinjuba zomoya, iincakuba zazo ezijikelezayo phantsi kwamandla omoya, ngaloo ndlela ziqhuba ijenereyitha ukuba ivelise umbane ngendlela evumelana kakhulu nendalo. 

Ukusuka kumathafa amakhulu ukuya kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni nakwiifama zomoya ezikude nonxweme, iinjuba zomoya inokuguqula ngokufanelekileyo amandla omoya abe ngumbane. Ngokomzekelo, iDenmark, njengelizwe elinguvulindlela ekusebenziseni amandla omoya, iyakwazi ngezinye iintsuku ukuthembela ngokupheleleyo kumandla omoya ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno zayo zombane wasekhaya.

Ngokwembono yokwenzeka kwemali, amaxabiso eenkqubo zamandla elanga nawomoya zehle kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yobuchwepheshe kunye nokwandiswa kwesikali semveliso. Iindleko ezincitshisiweyo kunye nokwanda kokusebenza kakuhle kwe iiphaneli zesola benze umbane welanga ibe lolona khetho luthandwayo kumakhaya amaninzi nakumashishini. 

Ngaxeshanye, iinkxaso-mali zikarhulumente kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yenkuthazo nazo zenze obu buchwepheshe bunomtsalane ngakumbi. Kumazwe amaninzi, utyalo-mali kwiinkqubo zamandla elanga nezomoya akunako nje ukukhokelela kugcino lwezoqoqosho lwexesha elide ngokuncitshiswa kwamatyala ombane kodwa kwakhona kuvelise ingeniso eyongezelelekileyo ngokuthengiswa kombane othe chatha ubuyela kwigridi.

Ngamafutshane, iijenereyitha zamandla elanga nawomoya ayizozixhobo ezinamandla kuphela zokunciphisa iintlungu zentlekele yamandla ehlabathi kodwa zikwasindululo sotyalo-mali esinoqoqosho olukhulayo. Ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji eqhubekayo kunye nokwehliswa kweendleko ezongezelelekileyo, obu buchwephesha bamandla ahlaziyekayo kulindeleke ukuba budlale indima ebalulekileyo kwimarike yamandla yehlabathi.

Ukwahlulahlulwa kwejenereyitha yamandla ahlaziyekayo

Phakathi kweejenereyitha zamandla ahlaziyekayo, iijenereyitha zelanga kunye nezomoya zezona fom zimele kakhulu. Basebenzisa ubutyebi bendalo ukuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kunye namandla omoya abe ngumbane, ukunika amandla acocekileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenzisa. Oku kulandelayo kugxininise kwezi ntlobo zimbini zeejenereyitha, ngengcaciso emfutshane yezinye iifom.

Ijenereyitha ezisebenza ngelanga

Siseko

Amandla elanga aveliswa ngokuyinhloko ngenkqubo ye-photovoltaic (PV), eyona nto iphambili iiphaneli zesola. Ezi panels ziquka iiseli ezininzi zelanga, nganye isebenzisa izinto ze-semiconductor (ezifana ne-silicon) ukubamba ukukhanya kwelanga. Xa iiphotons (amasuntswana okukhanya kwelanga) zibetha ezi zixhobo zesemiconductor, iiathom zazo zikhupha ii-electron, ngaloo ndlela zivelisa umsinga wombane.

iimveliso

Isilicon yemonocrystalline iiphaneli zesola: Ukusebenzisa i-silicon yococeko oluphezulu, ezi panels zinokusebenza okuphezulu kodwa zibiza kakhulu.

I-silicon yepolycrystalline iiphaneli zesola: Yenziwe kusetyenziswa inkqubo elula yokuvelisa, ukwenza iindleko zabo zibe ngaphantsi, kodwa ukusebenza kwazo kuphantsi kancinane kuneepaneli ze-silicon ze-monocrystalline.

Ifilimu encinci iiphaneli zesola: Ukusebenzisa i-silicon ye-amorphous okanye ezinye izinto, ezi ziphaneli ziyakwazi ukuguquguquka, zizenze zilungele iindawo ezingaqhelekanga, kunye nokusebenza okuphantsi kunye neendleko eziphantsi.

Iimeko zesicelo kunye nemizekelo

Izixokelelwano zamandla elanga zingasetyenziswa kuphahla lwezindlu, kwizakhiwo zorhwebo, kumaziko ezolimo, kubonelelo lombane ongekho kwigridi kwiindawo ezikude, nakwizikhululo zamandla elanga ezikhulu. 

Umzekelo, iSikhululo soMbane weSola esiKhulu saseTshayina sesinye sezona projekthi zikhulu zelanga ehlabathini, ebonisa amandla ombane welanga kwimveliso yamandla amakhulu.

Ijenereyitha ezisebenza ngomoya

Siseko

Ukuveliswa kwamandla omoya kuxhomekeke iinjuba zomoya, engundoqo wabo ubuchwephesha obuguqula amandla e-kinetic omoya abe ngumbane. Xa umoya udlula kwiincakuba ze-injini yomoya, iiblade ziyajikeleza, ziqhube ijenereyitha eqhagamshelwe kwi-blade shaft, ngaloo ndlela ivelisa umbane.

iimveliso

Iiinjini zomoya ezixwesileyo: Olona hlobo luxhaphakileyo lweiturbine esetyenziswayo ngoku, enamaphiko agxininiswe kwishafti ethe tye kumphezulu wenqaba.

Iiinjini zomoya ezithe nkqo: Iibhleyidi zijikeleza kwi-axis ethe nkqo, izenza zilungele iindawo ezinezalathiso zomoya eziguquguqukayo.

Iimeko zesicelo kunye nemizekelo

Iinjini zomoya zisetyenziswa kakhulu kuzo zombini iifama zomoya eziselunxwemeni kunye naselwandle. Iifama zomoya eziselunxwemeni zihlala zihlala kumathafa avulekileyo, iintaba, okanye ezinye iindawo ezinomoya onamandla. Iifama zomoya ezikude nonxweme zithatha ithuba lomoya ozinzileyo kunye nonamandla elwandle. 

Umzekelo, iLondon Array e-UK yenye yeefama ezinkulu zomoya ezikude nonxweme zehlabathi, isikali sayo esikhulu esibonisa ukubanako kwamandla omoya ekuboneleleni ngombane omkhulu ococekileyo.

Ezinye iijenereyitha zamandla ahlaziyekayo

Nangona amandla elanga nawomoya efumene impumelelo ebalulekileyo yorhwebo, ezinye iindlela ezifana nombane wamanzi, i-geothermal, kunye neejenereyitha ze-biomass nazo zinegalelo kumxube wamandla, nangona kumlinganiselo omncinci okanye olinganiselweyo ngokwejografi.

Iijenereyitha zombane wamanzi: Ezi zisebenzisa ukuhamba kwamanzi ukuqhubela iiinjini zomoya, ikakhulu ngamadama okanye iinkqubo zokuqhutywa komlambo.

Iijenereyitha ze-Geothermal: Ezi zisebenzisa ubushushu bangaphakathi boMhlaba ukuvelisa umphunga, iiinjini zokuqhuba.

Iijenereyitha zeBiomass: Ezi ziguqula izinto eziphilayo zibe ngumbane, ngokufuthi ngokutshiswa okanye imveliso ye-biogas.

Ubungakanani bemarike kunye nokukhula

Ngoku ka Uphando lweGrandview, Imarike yephaneli yelanga yelanga ye-photovoltaic panel ifikelele kuqikelelo lwe-USD 170.25 yezigidigidi ngo-2023. Ukusukela ngo-2024 ukuya ku-2030, le marike kulindeleke ukuba ikhule ngesantya sokukhula sonyaka esihlanganisiweyo (CAGR) se-7.7%, ebonisa ukukhula okukhulayo kobuchwepheshe belanga kunye nokwamkelwa kweemarike.

Ukukhula kumashishini elanga kuye kwaba kubaluleke kakhulu e-US Kwikota yesithathu ka-2023, efakwe amandla elanga e-US ifikelele kwi-6.5 gigawatts DC (GWdc), i-35% yonyuka ngonyaka. 

Oku kukhula kuqhutywe ngokukodwa kukuphunyezwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yamandla ahlambulukileyo e-federal, kwaye i-US bekulindeleke ukuba yongeze i-33 gigawatts (GW) yomthamo omtsha welanga ngo-2023, ngakumbi ukomeleza isikhundla selanga njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yomxube wamandla ase-US.

Imakethi ye-injini yomoya yehlabathi ixabisa i-USD 53.4 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2020 kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba iza kukhula ngesantya esihlanganisiweyo sonyaka sokukhula (CAGR) se-6.3% phakathi kuka-2020 no-2030 ukuya kuthi ga kwi-98.4 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2030, ngokwengxelo ka-XNUMX. Uphando lweNtengiso yeZizwe eziManyeneyo. 

Olu qikelelo luqaqambisa amandla okukhula olomeleleyo kwimarike yeinjini yomoya, ebonisa ukukhula kwemfuno yehlabathi notyalo-mali kumandla omoya njengomthombo wamandla ococekileyo, nohlaziyekayo.

Ngaphezu koko, Umthamo wamandla omoya onyukayo, ofakwe kwihlabathi jikelele ufikelele malunga nama-906 egigawatts (GW) ngo-2022, ebonisa amandla amakhulu emarike yamandla omoya. Kuloo nyaka, i-77.6 GW yomthamo wamandla omoya iye yongezwa kwihlabathi jikelele, inyuka nge-9% ukusuka ngo-2021. 

Esi santya sokukhula asibobungqina nje bokuthembeka kobuchwepheshe bamandla omoya, kodwa lukwabonakalisa inqanaba eliphezulu lokwamkelwa kwamandla omoya.

Ijenereyitha ezisebenza ngelanga zasekhaya kunye neshishini

Iijenereyitha zelanga zinokuxabiseka kumakhaya nakumashishini ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, amandla abo okuguqula amandla elanga kumbane anika amakhaya kunye namashishini kunye nomthombo wamandla azimeleyo kwiigridi zendabuko, oku kuthetha ukuba banokuqhubeka nokubonelela ngombane xa kwenzeka ukungazinzi kwegridi okanye ukuphazamiseka, ukukhusela amakhaya kunye nokuveliswa kokuphazamiseka. 

Ukongezelela, ngokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwabo kwigridi, abantu kunye namashishini banokunciphisa kakhulu amatyala abo ombane. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuba i-generator yelanga ivelisa umbane ongaphezulu kunokuba ifuna, inokuthengisa ukugqithisa kwigridi, ivelise ingeniso eyongezelelweyo. 

Ngokubanzi, iijeneretha ezisebenza ngelanga zibonelela ngesisombululo esisebenzayo, esizixhasayo samandla kumakhaya nakumashishini.

Isikhokelo sokukhetha amandla elanga

Xa ukhetha ijeneretha yelanga (ikakhulu iiphaneli zesola), kukho izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba kukhethwe eyona mveliso ifanelekileyo:

uhlobo

Iiphaneli zelanga zeMonocrystalline: Ifanele iimeko ezifuna ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuqina, ezifana nophahla lwezindlu kunye nezakhiwo zorhwebo. Banikezela ngeyona mveliso yamandla iphezulu yobukhulu obufanayo, kodwa zibiza kakhulu.

Iiphaneli zelanga zePolycrystalline: Amaxabiso aphantsi kodwa asebenza kancinci kancinci. Ilungele iimeko ezinohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olunyiniweyo kunye nendawo enkulu ekhoyo, efana nezicelo ezinkulu zorhwebo okanye ezolimo.

Iiphaneli zesola ezinefilim ezincinci: I-Flexible kunye nekhaphukhaphu, ilungele uphahla olungathwali umthwalo, izinto eziphathekayo, okanye iimeko zokufakela okwethutyana. Ukusebenza kancinci kwaye kufuna indawo ephezulu.

Ukumelana nemozulu

Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zemozulu yendawo yokufakela (umzekelo, ukushisa okuphezulu, ukufuma okuphezulu, imithwalo yomoya kunye nekhephu, njl.), khetha iipaneli zelanga ezinokumelana nemozulu efanelekileyo. Abanye iiphaneli zesola ziyilelwe ngokukodwa ukusebenza kwiimeko zemozulu ezigqithisileyo.

uhlobo

Khetha uphawu oluthembekileyo kwaye ubeke ingqalelo kwisiqinisekiso somgangatho wemveliso kunye nenkonzo emva kokuthengisa. Iziqinisekiso zexesha elide zinokubonelela ngokhuseleko olungcono lotyalo-mali.

Indawo yokufakela

Qwalasela ubungakanani kunye nokuma kwendawo yakho yokufakela kwaye ukhethe uhlobo kunye noyilo lweepaneli zelanga ezisilungele kakuhle eso sithuba.

Ukubakho kwemali

Ukubakho ngokwemali kweeJenereyitha ezisebenza ngelanga kubandakanya imiba emininzi, kubandakanywa iindleko zofakelo lokuqala, ubungakanani benkqubo, ixabiso lombane, iindleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa kwazo, kunye nobomi benkqubo. Nantsi imizekelo emibini elula yokukunceda uvavanye ukusebenza kweejenereyitha zelanga kusetyenziso lwasekhaya kunye norhwebo.

Iijenereyitha zomoya zasekhaya kunye neshishini

Iinjini zomoya ukubonelela amakhaya kunye namashishini ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zamandla ahlaziyekayo ukusuka kwiijenereyitha zelanga ngokusebenzisa amandla omoya ukuvelisa umbane. Ngokungafaniyo namandla elanga, axhomekeke kubukhulu belanga, amandla omoya anenzuzo yokukwazi ukuvelisa umbane ebusuku okanye kwimozulu enamafu. 

Oku kunika ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwiimeko apho kufuneka unikezelo oluqhubekayo lombane. Kwamakhaya, iinjuba zomoya zisebenza ngokukodwa kwiindawo apho amandla omoya maninzi, ukuthoba amatyala ombane kunye nokubonelela ngomthombo ozinzileyo wamandla axhasayo. 

Kumashishini, amandla omoya anokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokusebenza kwaye enze ingeniso ngokuthengisa umbane kwigridi, ngakumbi kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu zamandla omoya. Ngelixa iindleko zokuqala zofakelo kunye nokugcinwa kweeinjini zomoya zinokuba phezulu kunezo zeenkqubo zamandla elanga, iinzuzo zezoqoqosho zexesha elide zibalulekile xa kujongwa indawo eyiyo yendawo kunye neemeko zomoya.

Isikhokelo sokukhetha ijenereyitha yomoya

Xa ukhetha i-injini yomoya, le miba ilandelayo iphambili kufuneka iqwalaselwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo oyithengayo ifanelekele iimfuno zakho:

Isivinini somoya

Umndilili wesantya somoya kwindawo yejografi yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekumiseleni ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kwamandla omoya. Ngokwesiqhelo, i-avareji yesantya somoya ubuncinane beemitha ezi-4.5 ngesekhondi (10 mph) siyafuneka ukuze kuqhutywe i-injini yomoya ngokoqoqosho nangokufanelekileyo.

Ukuphakama kwenqaba

Umphakamo weinjini yomoya ichaphazela isantya somoya apho ityhileke khona. Ngokubanzi, okukhona inqaba inde, kokukhona inyuka isantya somoya kwaye kokukhona ukuveliswa kombane ngokufanelekileyo. Cinga ngobude obufanelekileyo bokufaka inqaba yakho ukwandisa ukubamba amandla omoya.

Ukuveliswa kwamandla

Khetha ubungakanani obufanelekileyo beinjini yomoya kwiimfuno zakho zamandla. Qwalasela umndilili wokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwikhaya lakho okanye ishishini kwaye ukhethe ijenereyitha eya kuhlangabezana naloo mfuno.

Ubungakanani kunye nohlobo

Ukusetyenziswa ekhaya: Iinjini zomoya ezincinci zifanelekile ukusetyenziswa kwekhaya kwaye zingafakwa phezu kophahla okanye kumgangatho ophantsi.

Ushishino: Iinkqubo ezinkulu zilungele ushishino okanye ukusetyenziswa kwefama kwaye zifuna indawo eninzi kunye notyalo-mali oluphezulu.

Imimiselo yendawo

Phambi kokuthenga kufutshane, fumanisa malunga nemimiselo yendawo, imigangatho yokwakha, kunye nokuba iimvume ezikhethekileyo ziyafuneka na. Ezinye iindawo zinezithintelo ezingqongqo kumphakamo kunye nendawo yee-injini zomoya.

nokugcinwa

Xa ukhetha uphawu kunye nemodeli, qwalasela ukusebenza kwayo kwembali, ukuthembeka, kunye neemfuno zokugcinwa. Qonda iwaranti kunye nenkxaso yenkonzo enikezelwa ngumenzi.

Ukubakho kwemali

Ukubakho kwemali kweejenereyitha ezisebenza ngomoya kukwabandakanya izinto ezininzi, eziza kuxutyushwa apha ngezantsi kusetyenziswa imizekelo emibini emifutshane.

Amazwi okugqibela

Kwimvelaphi yengxaki yamandla ekhoyo ngoku, ukutshintshela kwimithombo yamandla avuselelekayo efana nelanga nomoya ibe linyathelo eliphambili kubantu kunye namashishini ukunciphisa iimpembelelo zabo zokusingqongileyo, ukwenza ulondolozo lwezoqoqosho, kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo. 

Kubantu ngabanye, ukusetyenziswa kwe umoya ovuselelekayo ayinciphisi kuphela amatyala ombane exesha elide kodwa ikwabonelela ngokuzimela kwamandla. Ikwanceda amashishini anciphise iindleko zokusebenza, aphucule imbonakalo yegama lawo, kwaye asabele kwimithetho engqongqo yokusingqongileyo. 

Njengoko iteknoloji iqhubela phambili kunye neendleko ziwa, kulindeleke ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo kuya kwanda kakhulu kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kuya kuphuhliswa ngakumbi.

Okokugqibela, ukuba unomdla wokuthenga iijenereyitha zamandla avuselelekayo, ezinje ngeepaneli zelanga okanye iiinjini zomoya zekhaya lakho okanye ishishini, ndwendwela Chovm.com kubutyebi beendlela zokukhetha.